【考研类试卷】工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理练习五及答案解析.doc

1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理练习五及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Both Writewell and Express provide round-the-clock telephone assistance to any customer who uses their word-processing software. Since customers only call the hot lines when they find the software difficult to use, and the Writewell hot line receives fo

2、ur times as many calls as the Express hot line, Writewells word-processing software must be more difficult to use than Expresss.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.Calls to the Express hot line are almost twice as long, on average, as are calls to the Writ

3、ewell hot line.B.Express had three times the number of word-processing software customers that Writewell has.C.Express receives twice as many letters of complaint about its word-processing software as Writewell receives about its word-processing software.D.The number of calls received by each of the

4、 two hot lines has been gradually increasing.E.(E) The Writewell hot-line number is more widely publicized than the Express hot-line number.2.In the United States, vacationers account for more than half of all visitors to what are technically called “pure aquariums“ but for fewer than one quarter of

5、 all visitors to zoos, which usually include a “zoo aquarium“ of relatively modest scope.Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the difference described above between visitors to zoos and visitors to pure aquariums?（分数：5.00）A.In cities that have both a zoo and a pure aquarium, lo

6、cal residents are twice as likely to visit the aquarium as they are to visit the zoo.B.Virtually all large metropolitan areas have zoos, whereas only a few large metropolitan areas have pure aquariums.C.Over the last ten years, newly constructed pure aquariums have outnumbered newly established zoos

7、 by a factor of two to one.D.People who visit a zoo in a given year are two times more likely to visit a pure aquarium that year than are people who do not visit a zoo.E.(E) The zoo aquariums of zoos that are in the same city as a pure aquarium tend to be smaller than the aquariums of zoos that have

8、 no pure aquarium nearby.3.Any serious policy discussion about acceptable levels of risk in connection with explosions is not well served if the participants fail to use the word “explosion“ and use the phrase “energetic disassembly“ instead. In fact, the word “explosion“ elicits desirable reactions

9、, such as a heightened level of attention, whereas the substitute phrase does not. Therefore, of the two terms, “explosion“ is the one that should be used throughout discussions of this tort.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?（分数：5.00）A.In the kind of discuss

10、ion at issue, the advantages of desirable reactions to the term “explosion“ outweigh the drawbacks, if any, arising from undesirable reactions to that term.B.The phrase “energetic disassembly“ has not so far been used as a substitute for the word “explosion“ in the kind of discussion at issue.C.In a

11、ny serious policy discussion, what is said by the participants is more important than how it is put into words.D.The only reason that people would have for using “energetic disassembly“ in place of “explosion“ is to render impossible any serious policy discussion concerning explosions.E.(E) The phra

12、se “energetic disassembly“ is not necessarily out of place in describing a controlled rather than an accidental explosion.4.In several cities, the government is going ahead with ambitious construction projects despite the high office-vacancy rates in those cities. The vacant offices, though availabl

13、e for leasing, unfortunately do not meet the requirements for the facilities needed, such as court houses and laboratories. The government, therefore, is not guilty of any fiscal wastefulness.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?（分数：5.00）A.Adaptation of vacant

14、office space to meet the governments requirements, if possible, would not make leasing such office space a more cost-effective alternative to new construction.B.The government prefers leasing facilities to owning them in cases where the two alternatives are equally cost-effective.C.If facilities ava

15、ilable for leasing come very close to meeting the governments requirements for facilities the government needs, the government can relax its own requirements slightly and consider those facilities in compliance.D.The governments construction projects would not on being completed, add to the stock of

16、 facilities available for leasing in the cities concerned.E.(E) Before embarking on any major construction project, the government is required by law to establish beyond any reasonable doubt that there are no alternatives that are more cost-effective.5.Potato cyst nematodes are a pest of potato crop

17、s. The nematodes can lie dormant for several years in their cysts, which are protective capsules, and do not emerge except in the presence of chemicals emitted by potato roots. A company that has identified the relevant chemicals is planning to market them to potato farmers to spread on their fields

18、 when no potatoes are planted; any nematodes that emerge will soon starve to death.Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim that the companys plan will be successful?（分数：5.00）A.Nematodes that have emerged from their cysts can be killed by ordinary pesticides.B.The only part of a pota

19、to plant that a nematode eats is the roots.C.Some bacteria commonly present in the roots of potatoes digest the chemicals that cause the nematodes to emerge from their cysts.D.Trials have shown that spreading even minute quantities of the chemicals on potato fields caused nine-tenths of the nematode

20、s present to emerge from their cysts.E.(E) The chemicals that cause the nematodes to emerge from their cysts are not emitted all the time the potato plant is growing.6.Naturally occurring chemicals cannot be newly patented once their structures have been published. Before a naturally occurring chemi

21、cal compound can be used as a drug, however, it must be put through the same rigorous testing program as any synthetic compound, culminating in a published report detailing the chemicals structure and observed effects.If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the

22、basis of them?（分数：5.00）A.Any naturally occurring chemical can be reproduced synthetically once its structure is known.B.Synthetically produced chemical compounds cannot be patented unless their chemical structures are made public.C.If proven no less effective, naturally occurring chemicals are to be

23、 preferred to synthetic compounds for use in drugs.D.Once a naturally occurring compound has been approved for use as a drug, it can no longer be newly patented.E.(E) A naturally occurring chemical cannot be patented unless its effectiveness as a drug has been rigorously established.7.Mechanicorps n

24、ewest product costs so little to make that it appears doubtful the company will be able to sell it without increasing the markup the company usually allows for profit: potential clients would simply not believe that something so inexpensive would really work. Yet Mechanicorps reputation is built on

25、fair prices incorporating only modest profit margins.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following?（分数：5.00）A.Mechanicorp will encounter difficulties in trying to set a price for its newest product that will promote sales without threatening to compromise the companys r

26、eputation.B.Meehanicorp achieves large annual profits, despite small profits per unit sold, by means of a high volume of sales.C.Mechanicorp made a significant computational error in calculating the production costs for its newest product.D.Mechanicorps newest product is intended to perform tasks th

27、at can be performed by other devices costing less to manufacture.E.(E) Mechanicorps production processes are designed with the same ingenuity as are the products that the company makes.8.An advertisement designed to convince readers of the great durability of automobiles manufactured by the Deluxe M

28、otor Car Company cites as evidence the fact that over half of all automobiles built by the company since 1970 are still on the road today, compared to no more than a third for any other manufacturer.Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the advertisements argument?（分数：5.00）A.After

29、taking inflation into account, a new Deluxe automobile costs only slightly more than a new model did in 1970.B.The number of automobiles built by Deluxe each year has not increased sharply since 1970.C.Owners of Deluxe automobiles typically keep their cars well maintained.D.Since 1970, Deluxe has ma

30、de fewer changes in the automobiles it manufactures than other car companies have made in their automobiles.E.(E) Deluxe automobiles have been selling at relatively stable prices in recent years.9.Mud from a lake on an uninhabited wooded island in northern Lake Superior contains toxic chemicals, inc

31、luding toxaphene, a banned pesticide for cotton that previously was manufactured and used, not in nearby region of Canada or the northern United States, but in the southern United States. No dumping has occurred on the island. The island lake is sufficiently elevated that water from Lake Superior do

32、es not reach it.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following hypotheses?（分数：5.00）A.The waters of the island lake are more severely polluted than those of Lake Superior.B.The toxaphene was carried to the island in the atmosphere by winds.C.Banning chemicals such as toxa

33、phene does not aid the natural environment.D.Toxaphene has adverse effects on human beings but not on other organisms.E.(E) Concentrations of toxaphene in the soil of cotton-growing regions are not sufficient to be measurable.10.Advertisement:Of the many over-the-counter medications marketed for the

34、 relief of sinus headache, SineEase costs the least per dose. And SineEase is as effective per dose as the most effective of those other medications. So for relief from sinus headaches, SineEase is the best buy.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.Mos

35、t of the over-the-counter medications marketed for the relief of sinus headache are equally effective per dose in providing such relief.B.Many of the over-the-counter medications marketed for the relief of sinus headache contain the same active ingredient as SineEase.C.People who suffer from frequen

36、t sinus headaches are strongly advised to consult a doctor before taking any over-the-counter medication.D.An over-the-counter medication that is marketed for the relief of symptoms of head cold is identical in composition to SineEase but costs less per dose.E.(E) The per dose price for any given ov

37、er-the-counter medication marketed for the relief of sinus headache is higher for smaller packages than it is for larger packages.11.Damaged nerves in the spinal cord do not regenerate themselves naturally, nor even under the spur of nerve-growth stimulants. The reason, recently discovered, is the p

38、resence of nerve-growth inhibitors in the spinal cord. Antibodies that deactivate those inhibitors have now been developed. Clearly, then, nerve repair will be a standard medical procedure in the foreseeable future.Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the

39、prediction above?（分数：5.00）A.Prevention of the regeneration of damaged nerves is merely a by-product of the main function in the human body of the substances inhibiting nerve growth.B.Certain nerve-growth stimulants have similar chemical structures to those of the antibodies against nervegrowth inhib

40、itors.C.Nerves in the brain are similar to nerves in the spinal cord in their inability to regenerate themselves naturally.D.Researchers have been able to stimulate the growth of nerves not located in the spinal cord by using only nervegrowth stimulants.E.(E) Deactivating the substances inhibiting n

41、erve growth for an extended period would require a steady supply of antibodies.12.An experimental microwave clothes dryer heats neither air nor cloth. Rather, it heats water on clothes, thereby saving electricity and protecting delicate fibers by operating at a lower temperature. Microwaves are wave

42、s that usually heat metal objects, but developers of a microwave dryer are perfecting a process that will prevent thin metal objects such as hairpins from heating up and burning clothes.Which of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that the process, when perfected, will be insufficient to

43、 make the dryer readily marketable?（分数：5.00）A.Metal snap fasteners on clothes that are commonly put into drying machines are about the same thickness as most hairpins.B.Many clothes that are currently placed into mechanical dryers are not placed there along with hairpins or other thin metal objects.

44、C.The experimental microwave dryer uses more electricity than future, improved models would be expected to use.D.Drying clothes with the process would not cause more shrinkage than the currently used mechanical drying process causes.E.(E) Many clothes that are frequently machine-dried by prospective

45、 customers incorporate thick metal parts such as decorative brass studs or buttons.13.Over the last century, paleontologists have used small differences between fossil specimens to classify Triceratops into sixteen species. This classification is unjustified, however, since the specimens used to dis

46、tinguish eleven of the species come from animals that lived in the same area at the same time.Which of the following, if true, would enable the conclusion of the argument to be properly drawn?（分数：5.00）A.Not every species that lived in a given area is preserved as a fossil.B.At least one individual o

47、f every true species of Triceratops has been discovered as a fossil specimen.C.No geographical area ever supports more than three similar species at the same time.D.In many species, individuals display quite marked variation.E.(E) Differences between fossil specimens of Triceratops that came from th

48、e same area are no less distinctive than differences between specimens that came from different areas.14.Mannis Corporations archival records are stored in an obsolete format that is accessible only by its current computer system; thus they are inaccessible when that system is not functioning proper

49、ly. In order to avoid the possibility of losing access to their archival records in the case of computer malfunction, Mannis plans to replace its current computer system with a new system that stores records in a format that is accessible to several different systems.The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of the plan as a means of retaining access to the archival records?（分数：5.00）A.Will the new computer system require fewer operators than the current system requires?B.Has Mannis Corporation always stored its archival r