【考研类试卷】管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编1及答案解析.doc

1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)“The word “protection“ is no longer taboo(禁忌语).“ This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western lea

2、ders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic cause. These leaders, of co

3、urse, weren“t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they“d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turnedthough few acknowle

4、dge it. The Western continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asia, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade. That“s why Sarkozy“s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is th

5、at large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of cou

6、rse, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction“ was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happe

7、n over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there“s clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice. A little hypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem

8、 is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what“s happening at the IMF(International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of mana

9、ging director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else“s when they dominate these global institutions. The time has therefore come for the Asians who are clearly the new winners in today“s global economyto provide more intellectual leadership in supporting fr

10、ee trade. Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there“s a real danger that Adam Smith“s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred that “pro

11、tection“(Line 1, Para. 1)means_.（分数：2.00）A.improving economic efficiencyB.ending the free-trade practiceC.lowering moral standardD.raising trade tariffs(2).The Western leaders preach free trade because_.（分数：2.00）A.it is beneficial to their economiesB.it is supported by developing countriesC.it makes

12、 them keep faith in their principlesD.it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith(3).By “the tables have turned“(Line 4, Para. 2)the author implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB.the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC.the developed economies h

13、ave turned less competitiveD.the developing economies have become more independent(4).The Western economists used to like the idea of “creative destruction“ because it_.（分数：2.00）A.set a long-term rather than short-term goalB.was an essential part of capitalist developmentC.entailed a positive rather

14、 than negative mentalityD.was meant to be the destruction of developing economies(5).The author uses “IMF“ as an example to illustrate the point that_.（分数：2.00）A.European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB.there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC.global insti

15、tutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD.European countries“ interests are being ignored by economic leadersPrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for

16、 small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation. It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it: population growth, whic

17、h pushes migrant populations into the world“s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products b

18、ecome similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world“s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life. Only about 3,000 languages

19、now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that? Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on

20、 bilingualism(mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres at home, among friends, in community setting and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultur

21、al and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing(同化的)forces of globalization. Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software tran

22、slation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computeraided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages. For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin.L

23、anguage is remarkably resilient(有活力的), however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous(原生的，土著的)communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their u

24、nique identities through language.（分数：10.00）(1).Minority languages can be best preserved in_.（分数：2.00）A.an increasingly interconnected worldB.maintaining small numbers of speakersC.relatively isolated language communitiesD.following the tradition of the 20th century(2).According to paragraph 2 that

25、the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is_.（分数：2.00）A.uncertainB.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite(3).According to the author, bilingualism can help_.（分数：2.00）A.small languages become acceptable in work placesB.homogenize the world“s languages and culturesC.global languages r

26、each home and community settingsD.speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity(4).Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_.（分数：2.00）A.makes learning a global language unnecessaryB.facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC.raises public awa

27、reness of saving those languagesD.makes it easier for linguists to study those languages(5).In the author“s view, many endangered languages are_.（分数：2.00）A.remarkable well-kept in this modern worldB.exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC.quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD.a u

28、nique way of bringing different groups togetherEveryone, it seems, has a health problem. After pouring billions into the National Health Service, British people moan about dirty hospitals, long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel is under fire for suggesting changing

29、 the financing of its health system. Canada“s new Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country“s lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, aging and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income. Bu

30、t nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford“s announcement this week that it would cut up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign o

31、f its “legacy“ health-care costs as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health-care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers(生育高峰期出生的人)will crush the government“s finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform plan in next week“

32、s state-of the-union address. America“s health system is unlike any other. The Unite States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Th

33、anks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employers, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly. This curious hybrid(混合物)certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is mu

34、ch more innovative. Europeans bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development(R mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the la

35、nguage of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world“s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opp

36、ortunity, and a better way of life. Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that? Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive

37、through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism(mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres at home, among friends, in community setting and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial sphere

38、s. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing(同化的)forces of globalization. Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them

39、 For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computeraided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages. For many endangered la

40、nguages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin.Language is remarkably resilient(有活力的), however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous(原生的，土著的)communities have shown that it i

41、s possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.（分数：10.00）(1).Minority languages can be best preserved in_.（分数：2.00）A.an increasingly interconnected worldB.maintaining small numbers of speakersC.relatively isolated language communities D.following the

42、 tradition of the 20th century解析：解析：本题信息点是“Minority languages can be best preserved”。要求考生获取小语种可以得到保护的条件的信息。该信息出现在文章第一段第二句：The increasingly interconnected modem world makes it much more difficult for small languages communities to live in relative isolation，a key factor in language maintenances and p

43、reservation该句表明 interconnected modern world使得小语言群体很难孤立于世界，这是语言保护的关键因素。由此可见，保护小语种的主要条件是使用这些语言的群体要生活在相对隔离的环境中。所以选项 C符合文章内容，为本题答案。(2).According to paragraph 2 that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is_.（分数：2.00）A.uncertain B.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite解析：解析：本题信息点是“the

44、 world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future”。要求考生根据第二段的内容推断出“世界将来可以保持语言多样性”这个事实的相关信息。第二段第一句指出：在未来几个世纪，世界是否能够保持语言及文化的多样性还有待观察。作者然后用举例证明了这一看法。由此可见，本题答案为 A。(3).According to the author, bilingualism can help_.（分数：2.00）A.small languages become acceptable in work placesB.homogenize the worl

45、d“s languages and culturesC.global languages reach home and community settingsD.speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity 解析：解析：本题信息点是“bilingualism can help”。该信息出现在第四段第三句和第四句，其大意为：双语使用者可以在小范围内使用他们自己的语言，而在工作场所、在与政府打交道时、在商业环境中使用通用语，这样便可维系其文化和语言的完整性。由此可见选项 D符合文章内容。为本题答案。(4).Computer tech

46、nology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_.（分数：2.00）A.makes learning a global language unnecessaryB.facilitates the learning and using of those languages C.raises public awareness of saving those languagesD.makes it easier for linguists to study those languages解析：解析：本题信息点是 Compu

47、ter technology is helpful for preserving minority languages。以前我们讲述过原因题常见的三种答题思路：(1)信号词直接表述原因；(2)句内语意直接表明原因；(3)上句点题,下句给出原因。我们先在文中找到该题信息点所在语段，该信息出现在文章第五段第一句：Ironically,the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them。显然，本句只是点到题目的内容，并没有说明其原因，所以我们便可以

48、断定原因会在下旬给出。紧接着的一句话是：For example，some expels predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues由此可见选项 B“使学习使用这些语言更加方便”符合文章内容，为本题答案。(5).In the author“s view, many endangered languages are_.（分数：2.00）A.remarka

49、ble well-kept in this modern worldB.exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC.quite possible to be revived instead of dying out D.a unique way of bringing different groups together解析：解析：本题信息点是 many endangered languages。文章第六段是作者对濒临消失的小语种的看法：(1)the line between revival and death is extremely thin“复兴和消失的界限极小”；(2)it is possible to live in the modem world while reclaiming their unique identities through language“生活在现代社会又能通过使用他们的语言保持其独特身份是完全可能的”。由此可见选项 C符合文章内容。为本题答案。Everyone, it seems, has a health p