【考研类试卷】考博英语-101及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-101 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site“s “personal search agent“

2、 It“s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then e-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the key words legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first notificati

3、on of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for re

4、peated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you, “Every time you answer a question, you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narro

5、w concept what you think you want to dothen broaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another expert. “There“s no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you ge

6、t an e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Site“s agent s

7、ends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobsthose it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. “On the day after we send our messag

8、es, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who aren“t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm t

9、hemselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder. “You always keep your eyes open,“ he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.（分数：25.00）(1).How did Redmon find his job?（分数：5.00）A.B

10、y searching openings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By e-mailing his resume to a database.(2).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?（分数：5.00）A.Lack of counseling.B.Limited number of visits.C.Lower

11、efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.(3).The expression “tip service“ (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means _.（分数：5.00）A.advisoryB.compensationC.interactionD.reminder(4).Why does Career Site“s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?（分数：5.00）A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract

12、more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：5.00）A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal search ag

13、ents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabeti

14、sm. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their pho

15、ne directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president an

16、d vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush“s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alph

17、abetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world“s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world“s five richest men (Gates, Buffett,

18、Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the ret sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier

19、 to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, becaus

20、e they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, el

21、ection ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：25.00）(1).What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?（分数：5.00）A.A kind of overlooked inequality.B

22、A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（分数：5.00）A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure ofZoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of at

23、tention to companies“ names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that _.（分数：5.00）A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their

24、 studentsD.students should be seated according to their eyesight(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ (Line 2, Para.5)?（分数：5.00）A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.(5).Which of

25、the following is true according to the text?（分数：5.00）A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to uninte

26、ntional bias.四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn“t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn“t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she“d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime

27、customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I“m a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they“re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard“s department store near he

28、r suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don“t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan“s admission that America“s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships

29、 to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from la

30、st year“s pace. But don“t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy“s long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they“re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlin

31、es, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “There“s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising e

32、ven as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential h

33、ome buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn“t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a ta

34、ble at Manhattan“s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan “Continuing along this path,“ says writer Earl Shorris. “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“ “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writ

35、es historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in “Anti-Intellectualism in American Life“, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U.S. politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us

36、 to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural

37、 restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twain“s “Huckleberry Finn“ exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and le

38、arning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, wh

39、ile intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country“s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to id

40、entify with children who show the least intellectual promise“.（分数：25.00）(1).What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?（分数：5.00）A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pu

41、rsuits.(2).We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of _.（分数：5.00）A.undervaluing intellectB.favoring intellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence(3).The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _.（分数：5.00）A.identicalB.similarC.complementaryD.opposit

42、e(4).Emerson, according to the text, is probably _.（分数：5.00）A.a pioneer of education reformB.an opponent of intellectualismC.a scholar in favor of intellectD.an advocate of regular schooling(5).What does the author think of intellect?（分数：5.00）A.It is second to intelligence.B.It evolves from common s

43、ense.C.It is to be pursued.D.It underlies power.考博英语-101 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was

44、attracted by the site“s “personal search agent“. It“s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then e-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the key words legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C.

45、 Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time consuming and in

46、efficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you, “Every time you answer a question, you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. Fo

47、r any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to dothen broaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another expert. “There“s no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreas

48、t of jobs in a particular database; when you get an e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt jo

49、b hunters to return. When Career Site“s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobsthose it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who aren“t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on