【考研类试卷】考博英语-132及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-132 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Structur(总题数：25，分数：25.00)1.Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their wants-this was effective _.（分数：1.00）A.motivationB.point of viewC.characterizationD.background2.The very biggest and most murderous

2、wars during the industrial age were intraindustrial-wars that _ Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another.（分数：1.00）A.pittedB.droveC.keptD.embarked3.The once separate issue of environment and development are now _ linked.（分数：1.00）A.intangibleB.indispensableC.inextricablyD.incre

3、dibly4.Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation _ themselves now on the verge of losing the war.（分数：1.00）A.only foundB.finding onlyC.only to findD.have only found5.The retired engineer plunked down $50,100 in cash for a

4、 midsize Mercedes as a present for his wife-a purchase _ with money made in the stock the week before.（分数：1.00）A.paid offB.paid throughC.paid outD.paid for6.Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make remedial instruction a commodity as _ and accessible as frozen yogurt.（分数：1.00）A.ubi

5、quitousB.rationalC.necessaryD.credible7.The need to see that justice is done _ every decision made in the courts.（分数：1.00）A.implants intoB.imposes onC.impinges uponD.imprecates upon8.Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, _ occupations for which technical training

6、 is necessary.（分数：1.00）A.so too there areB.so also there areC.so there are tooD.so too are there9.He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly _.（分数：1.00）A.lack itB.absentC.in need of itD.wanting10.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and _ of

7、 their criticism or censure.（分数：1.00）A.running shortB.running outC.running the gauntletD.running ahead11.The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be _.（分数：1.00）A.broken outB.cancelled outC.ruled outD.wiped out12.It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administrati

8、on to ignore requirements for _ drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests.（分数：1.00）A.specificB.genericC.intricateD.acrid13.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world.（分数：1.00）A.it isB.there isC.as isD.what is14.Grant was one of a

9、 body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.（分数：1.00）A.on themselvesB.on not making a faultC.to a faultD.to remain ahead15.If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle _ the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpe

10、cted.（分数：1.00）A.onB.forC.againstD.with16.From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics _ in turn evolved the politics of our modern world.（分数：1.00）A.of whichB.from whichC.on whichD.by which17.If they think they are going to win over us by obstinate

11、ly _ and refusing to make the slightest concession, they are mistaken.（分数：1.00）A.holding outB.holding toC.holding overD.holding up18.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man _ prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.（分数：1.00）A.w

12、asB.was calledC.callingD.being19.Two thirds of the U.S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater _ the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.（分数：1.00）A.was it not because ofB.had it not been forC.were it not forD.would it not have been for20.

13、The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest _ without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association.（分数：1.00）A.is not possibleB.would not be possibleC.will not be possibleD.

14、by which21.There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in mens clothing, but none of them _.（分数：1.00）A.has caught onB.has caught him outC.has caught upD.take it known22.The scheme for rebuilding the city center _, owing to the refusal of a council to sanction the expenditur

15、e of the money it would have required.（分数：1.00）A.fell downB.fell offC.fell outD.fell flat23.The ex-president had been _ in the country to refresh his mind before he passed away.（分数：1.00）A.given to walkingB.given a walkC.given for a walkD.giving a walk24.If youve got a complaint, the best thing is to

16、 see the person concerned and _ with him.（分数：1.00）A.tell itB.have it outC.say itD.have it known25.The appeal to the senses known as _ is especially common in poetry.（分数：1.00）A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.ingeniousD.imagery二、BPart Reading (总题数：3，分数：15.00)BPassage 1/BIt was a normal day in the life of th

17、e American Red Cross in Greater New York. First, part of a building on West 140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and

18、 food and clothing. Then it was back downtown for that evenings big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “Thats why I have bad hair tonight,“ Said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rai

19、n. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair didnt look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal chandeliers.Definitely not having a bad-hair night was Elizabeth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of

20、the American Red Cross. President Dole has chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit (“Someone made it for me! I love velvet, she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop earrings. O

21、f course, she hadnt been standing in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-oclock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evening

22、s award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, .and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones.Surroun

23、ded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china, American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers the New York Life; .and Price Waterhouse. The actr

24、ess Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (No models! No stars!), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the e

25、vening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars.（分数：5.00）(1).From what we read we can infer that “it was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York“ means its staff _.（分数：1.00）A.deal with the fall of houses in the city every dayB.are busy helping people who suffer

26、from disasters every dayC.work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every dayD.go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there(2).The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.Robert DoleB.Elizabeth DoleC.The Eleventh Annual Red Cross Aw

27、ard Dinner DanceD.all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance(3).Christopher Peakes hair didnt look so bad because _.（分数：1.00）A.he was wearing a handsome tuxedoB.he was wearing tulips on his suitC.he was seen among flowersD.he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light(4).Elizabeth Do

28、le was _.（分数：1.00）A.the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostess _.B.a republican and wife of the president of the American Red CrossC.the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner DanceD.born in North Carolina

29、 became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole(5).The presence of an actress at the Dinner made the fund raising _.（分数：1.00）A.less impersonalB.a typical fund-raising eventC.less personalD.more business-likeBPassage 2/BFor laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of the biolog

30、ical sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore, if we wish, we can assess the possible, dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observ

31、ations with experimentations in laboratories.The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers-certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures, they co

32、uld not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall

33、 flocking of wild free birds cant be, or the homing of animals over long distances, or even details of Uspontaneous family relationships/U. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about?The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of thi

34、s impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals voices by electr

35、ical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each others observations right there in the fi

36、eld.Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish a group-any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “the whole sequence of acts which constit

37、ute an animals behavior.“ In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,“ and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first sentence, the word “laymen“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.people who stand asideB.people wh

38、o are not trained as biologistsC.people who are amateur biologistsD.people who love animals(2).According to the passage, ethnology is _.（分数：1.00）A.a new branch of biologyB.an old Greek scienceC.a pseudo-scienceD.a science for amateurs(3).“The field workers have handicaps in winning respect for thems

39、elves.“ This sentence means _.（分数：1.00）A.ethnologists when working in the field are handicappedB.ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientistsC.ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the fieldD.ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work(4).Accord

40、ing to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and-fast“ means experiment procedures _.（分数：1.00）A.are difficult and quick to followB.must be carried out in a strict and quick wayC.must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose resultsD.hard and unreasonable for

41、 scientists to observe(5).The meaning of the underlined words in “the details of Uspontaneous family relationships“/U can be expressed as _.（分数：1.00）A.natural family relationshipsB.quickly occurring family relationshipsC.animals acting like a natural familyD.animal family behavior that cannot be pre

42、planned or controlledBPassage 3/BThe single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century, and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone repres

43、entations of every kind, combined with huge widows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, an

44、d in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on your table, and was e

45、asily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.In the last ten or tw

46、enty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift-this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet fili

47、ng is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, plainly, irreversible. Yet, just as the books triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computers triumph has also divided the human race.You have

48、 only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how dif

49、ficult it is-how grim and frightful!-for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machine whirries and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse