【考研类试卷】考博英语-139及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-139 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.There is little reason to believe that the United States will _ from its stated goal of regime change in Iraq.（分数：1.00）A.back downB.blow offC.pop upD.step up2.A Monitor/TIPP poll last month found that young people and seniors hel

2、d similar views when asked to _ the importance of US military action to remove Saddam Hussein from power in the next months.（分数：1.00）A.advocateB.foreseeC.superviseD.gauge3.Last week, the US bishops adopted rules to take priests who_ minors out of any ministerial activities.（分数：1.00）A.administerB.gen

3、erateC.implicateD.molest4.As a psychotherapist with many patients in their 20s, I can _ the fact that not only do most of them not have any health insurance, but they also do not expect it as a condition of living in this country.（分数：1.00）A.attest toB.contributeC.modifyD.interdict5.If you work for a

4、 major corporation, or are contracted at one, sooner called upon to create or maintain an internal website. Here are the _ of intranets.（分数：1.00）A.ins and outsB.in a pinchC.in a cleft stickD.in a breeze6.You are exposed to obtrusive ads that _ seemingly from nowhere even when you are disconnected fr

5、om the Net, and your personal information gathered and sent off without you being aware of it.（分数：1.00）A.size upB.dwindle awayC.conjure upD.pop up7.If you develop a reputation for being able to keep secrets others will _ towards you with useful news and gossip.（分数：1.00）A.feel constrainedB.feel exclu

6、dedC.propelD.gravitate8.Anxiety is believed to _ diabetes by raising levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which regulates insulin and blood-sugar levels.（分数：1.00）A.impedeB.exacerbateC.inheritD.facilitate9.Early signs of _ seen in the herbal medicine study are extremely encouraging and based upon t

7、hese data, we are now planning a registration program.（分数：1.00）A.facultyB.receptionC.deteriorationD.efficacy10.The solution was simple: gas the building with a hallucinogen and put the terrorists to sleep before they could _ the bombs in the building. And it worked.（分数：1.00）A.detonateB.dismantleC.de

8、molishD.desert11.It is the first of several agreements United States hopes to reach as it attempts to reduce labor costs by 5.8 billion and _ bankruptcy.（分数：1.00）A.dispelB.revertC.transferD.avert12.Ms. Rice, with customary class, simply expressed hope that this episode wouldnt _ the charity in spite

9、 of the previous scandal.（分数：1.00）A.taintB.enhanceC.sprainD.sponsor13.Now illegal copies of music CDs _ losses of about 300 million in sales annually and 65 million in lost government tax revenue.（分数：1.00）A.conflictB.inflictC.compromiseD.defer14.Cox Radio, one of the nations largest radio chains, pl

10、an to _ its ties with independent record promoters to distance itself from a payola-like practice that runs rampant in the music business.（分数：1.00）A.consolidateB.toutC.severD.splash15.The European Commission issued a _ decision on Oct. 29 permitting an alliance between United Airlines, Deutsche Luft

11、hansa and Scandinavian Airlines System that allows them to coordinate prices, schedules and routes in the transatlantic market. It turned out to be well received.（分数：1.00）A.automaticB.landmarkC.obsoleteD.outgrown16.The United Nations Security Council established the ICTR in 1995 to try the alleged p

12、erpetrators of the 1994 _ in Rwanda that claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people.（分数：1.00）A.genocideB.immigrationC.discriminationD.election17.These examples show that openness and the ability to change brings couples a giant step closer to the marital harmony they _.（分数：1.00）A.requestB.negotia

13、teC.craveD.detest18.If all the viruses on the planet were to disappear, a global catastrophe would, _.and the natural ecosystems of the earth would collapse in a spectacular crash under burgeoning populations d insects.（分数：1.00）A.varnishB.disperseC.contaminateD.ensue19.The newspaper reported on the

14、initiative of the organization to establish a private company to professionally _. prisoners due to be released from prison.（分数：1.00）A.habilitateB.rehabilitateC.precludeD.prelude20.First launched in April this year, Net My Singapore also includes efforts that training, development, and the explorati

15、on of new technologies based on.（分数：1.00）A.obliterateB.sequesterC.encompassD.terminate二、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)On your answer sheet, circle and black out the letter that best answers the questions below.BPassage One/BObviously, the per capita income of a country depends on many things, and an

16、y statistical test that does not take account of all important determinants is misspecified, and thus must be used only for descriptive and heuristic purposes. It is nonetheless interesting-and for many people surprising-to find that there is a positive and even a statistically significant relations

17、hip between these two variables: the greater the number of people per square kilometer the higher the per capita income.The law of diminishing returns is not invariably true. It would be absurd to suppose that a larger endowment of land ipso facto makes a country poorer. This consideration by itself

18、 would, of course, call for a negative sign on population density. Thus, it is interesting to ask what might account for the “wrong“ sign and think of what statistical tests should ultimately be done. Clearly there is a simultaneous two-way relationship between population density and per capita inco

19、me; the level of per capita income affects population growth just as population, by increasing the labor force, affects per capita income.The argument offered here suggests that perhaps countries with better economic policies and institutions come to have higher per capita incomes than countries wit

20、h inferior policies and institutions, and that these higher incomes bring about a higher population growth through more immigration and lower death raters. In this way, the effects of better institutions and policies in raising per capita income swamps the tendency of diminishing returns to labor to

21、 reduce it. This hypothesis may also explain why many empirical studies have not been able to show a negative association between the rate of population growth and increases in per capita income.One reason why the ratio of natural resources to population does not account for variations in per capita

22、 income is that most economic activity can now readily be separated from deposits of raw material and arable land. Over time, transportation technologies have certainly improved, and products that have a high value in relation to their weight, such as most services and manufactured goods like comput

23、ers and airplanes, may have become more important. The Silicon Valley is not important for the manufacturing of computers because of the deposits of silicon, and London and Zurich are not great banking centers because of fertile land. Even casual observation suggests that most modem manufacturing an

24、d service exports are not closely related to natural resources. Western Europe does not now have a high ratio of natural resources to population, but it is very important in the export of manufactures and services. In a parallel way, the striking success of Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, with rela

25、tively few natural resources per capita, cannot be explained by reliance thereon.（分数：6.00）(1).In paragraph 1, three words are in italics _.（分数：1.00）A.for reasons of English language style.B.because of personal reason of style.C.in order to highlight their importance.D.to help the reader avoid confus

26、ion.(2).The people who are surprised are so because they have assumed that _.（分数：1.00）A.there is a positive correlation between the two variables.B.the higher the per capita income the lower the population density.C.the greater the number of people the greater the per capita income.D.the relationshi

27、p between the variables is statistically insignificant.(3).With which bf the following statements would the author agree?（分数：1.00）A.One would not ordinarily suppose that a large country would be poor.B.A negative sign on population density may be a wrong sign.C.Per capita income depends on the size

28、of the labor force.D.The author would agree with all of the above statements.(4).The word “here“ in paragraph 3, line 1 means _.（分数：1.00）A.“supra.“B.“at this very moment.“C.“in this article.“D.“in this country.“(5).The population growth in countries with higher per capita income _.（分数：1.00）A.comes n

29、ot from the birth rate of the citizens but rather from the influx of others.B.is a natural result because the citizens have more money for children.C.is only an artifact based on a declining birth rate.D.does not invalidate the population growth of poorer countries.(6).Which of the following stateme

30、nts is true?（分数：1.00）A.None of the following statements is true.B.Silicon Valley has great deposits of silicon.C.London and Zurich have vast amounts of arable land.D.Western Europe has always depended on services.BPassage Two/BThe procedures followed by scholars studying literature are often unsatis

31、factory: the control over a cognitive project as a whole is often lost. The literary scholar seems to be collecting data, which is a preliminary operation, without making use of them. Like a diligent ant gathering food it will never eat, the contemporary literary scholar seems intent upon writing fo

32、otnotes of a book s/he will never try to read.I propose that at the outset of a research project it is necessary to render explicitly the questions the scholar will try to answer, what methods will be used and the reason why s/he thinks that it may be worthwhile answering such questions. More over,

33、the work of the people concerned with the study of literature seems casual. For instance, much research is devoted to one author, often on the occasion of an anniversary. Now there is no reason to think that our observations will be more valid, urgent, appropriate, useful, or interesting if the auth

34、or of the texts we are concerned with was born or died or the texts were written fifty, one hundred, or two hundred years ago. This seems to be celebration and not research producing knowledge. It does not seem to make any sense to determine ones research program by looking at the calendar. The wide

35、spread habit of limiting the scope of a research project to a single author often leads to a confined understanding of the author and the texts, which, in turn, offers marginal results. The average literary scholar considers these results satisfactory. But for what purpose are they satisfactory?Ofte

36、n the research strategies and methods of the literary scholar are repetitive. A new operation that is anologous to previous ones is often considered worthwhile. It is on these premises that many texts concerning literature are produced and accepted. I propose instead that in a concrete project that

37、tries to produce knowledge, any statement needs verification. But there is a point where it is unnecessary to repeat the same operation on new data, because the result has already been established: rather than additional confirmation of what is already known, it is the exploration of what is still u

38、nknown that deserves priority. Contemporary literary research seems to be based on habits that originated in the past and that bear little resemblance to research projects as they are intended now in other fields. If our main aim were the proposal of some objects as cultural models, then it would be

39、 useful to our purpose to try to attract our societys attention toward these objects and the persons who produced them. It would be reasonable to perform our actions on the occasion of anniversaries, because we would not be doing research, but celebration and propaganda. Celebration aims at confirmi

40、ng certitudes and strengthening bonds of solidarity among the participants. It does not produce knowledge, but it confirms what is already known. Legitimating by means of the power of words has been for many centuries the main job of the man of letters.（分数：6.00）(1).In the view of the writer, scholar

41、s studying literature need to _.（分数：1.00）A.research more diligently.B.establish a clear purpose before commencing research.C.decrease the number of footnotes.D.avoid writing special works to celebrate anniversaries.(2).The writer of this article is critical of modern literary research because _.（分数：

42、1.00）A.it uses too many analogies.B.it is not concrete writing.C.it relies on established methods that have not changed much.D.it is too subjective.(3).According to the writer, writing about an author on their anniversary _.（分数：1.00）A.is useful because it creates stronger ties with the author.B.is u

43、seful because it strengthens the cultural information.C.is useful because it is celebration and celebration confirms certitudes.D.is not useful since it does not add much to the pool of established information.(4).Ia paragraph 3, sentence 2, the words “to previous ones“ refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.previo

44、us authors written about by others.B.earlier scholars who wrote comparative literary works.C.earlier methods for research.D.repeats of research.(5).This article _.（分数：1.00）A.criticizes the limited approach taken by many literary scholars in their research.B.criticizes the approach taken to footnotes

45、 in literary research.C.supports the idea that literary scholars must remain a cohesive group.D.maintains that more Careful personal data needs to be collected about authors.(6).In the writers opinion _.（分数：1.00）A.repetition over a period of time can provide proof.B.evidence in research is critical.

46、C.celebratory research does not require proof.D.research concerning an author from antiquity does not require evidence.BPassage Three/BAfter a run of several thousand years, it is entirely fitting that 2000 will be marked as the year the tide turned against taxation. Clay tablets recall the taxes of

47、 Hammurabi in the Babylon of 2000BC, but the practice is certainly older. People in power have always tried to divert some of the proceeds of economic activity in their own direction. Lords took feudal dues from their vassals; landowners took tolls from merchants; gangsters took protection money fro

48、m small businesses; governments took taxes from their citizens. Despite the different names, the principle has remained constant: those who do not produce take resources from those who do, and spend it on altogether different things.The tide is turning because of the convergence of several factors,

49、in the first place, taxes are becoming harder to collect. Capital is more mobile than ever, and inclined to fly from places that tax to places that do not. Governments do not move their boundaries and jurisdictions as rapidly as companies can change locations. Attempts to establish trans-national tax powers are almost certainly, ably doomed by international competition to attract economic activity. Man