【考研类试卷】考博英语-158及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-158 及答案解析(总分：60.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：4，分数：4.00)1.The author of this article is _.（分数：1.00）A.revealing his low opinion of mankindB.poking fun at geneticistsC.expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-apeD.presenting a reasonable theory in a humorous tone2.The

2、type of job an ape could do without supervision would be one which is _.（分数：1.00）A.repetitiveB.mechanizedC.unusualD.intricate3.In the authors opinion, the idea that geneticists could produce a super-ape is _.（分数：1.00）A.irrationalB.plausibleC.biologically impossibleD.demonstrably true4.A problem that

3、 has plagued some fictional Utopias is _.（分数：1.00）A.creation of super-apesB.the necessity of breeding super-humansC.the necessity of breeding subhumansD.the degradation of beasts二、BPassage Two/B(总题数：4，分数：4.00)5.The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of _.（分数：1.00）A.so

4、me experiments with color pigmentsB.the nature of colorC.the color properties of various surfacesD.the mechanism of the eyes adaptation to color6.This selection is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.the eyes adaptation to colorB.the properties of colored surfacesC.the color of colorsD.the effect

5、of changes in color intensity7.If a persons eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit, we can expect _.（分数：1.00）A.a time lag in the focusing ability of the eyeB.some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of

6、sensitivity has been regained.C.the immediate less of the “afterimage“ of the first objectD.the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to thenew intensity level.8.Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as

7、similar or different in color would depend mostly on _.（分数：1.00）A.the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewingB.whether the object was seen in artificial or natural lightC.what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewingsD.the individuals power of lateral adapta

8、tion三、BPassage Three(总题数：4，分数：4.00)9.We may infer that a change in class relationships after the close of the Middle Ages produced greater productivity because _.（分数：1.00）A.freemen had incentive to produce moreB.masters had greater incentive to work their workers harderC.slaves never starved, no mat

9、ter what they producedD.productivity could go in only one direction10.Lack of technological progress in the ancient and medieval worlds was primarily due to the absence of _.（分数：1.00）A.natural resourcesB.inventive abilityC.peoples desire for the “better things of life“D.proper social organization11.

10、During the Middle Ages, productivity of labor _.（分数：1.00）A.was a primary concern of societyB.was hampered by class relationshipsC.began to improve over levels reached by the GreeksD.was in a period of technical progress12.In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainl

11、y on illustrations drawn from _.（分数：1.00）A.examples of the separation of mechanics and geometryB.case studies of lack of social communication between classesC.technologyD.his concern with the plight of the laboring classes.四、BPassage Four/(总题数：4，分数：4.00)13.It can be inferred from the passage that th

12、e author considers Fishers work to be _.（分数：1.00）A.definitive and thoroughB.inaccurate but popular, compared with Hamiltons workC.accurate, but trivial compared with Hamiltons workD.admirable, but not as up-to-date as Hamiltons work14.The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was simi

13、lar in that both scientists _.（分数：1.00）A.conducted their research at approximately the same timeB.sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studiedC.sought an explanation of why certain sex. ratios exist and remain stableD.studied reproduction in the same animal species15.It ca

14、n be inferred from the passage that the mathematical theory of games has been _.（分数：1.00）A.developed by scientists with an interest in geneticsB.useful in explaining some biological phenomenaC.adopted by Hamilton in his researchD.based on animal studies conducted prior to 193016.According to the pas

15、sage, successful game strategy depends on _.（分数：1.00）A.the ability to adjust ones behavior in light of the behavior of othersB.the degree of stability one can create in ones immediate environmentC.the accuracy with which one can predict future eventsD.the success one achieves in conserving and stori

16、ng ones resources五、BPassage Five/(总题数：4，分数：4.00)17.According to the author, the depiction of American culture during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras as an extension of New England Puritan culture reflects the _.（分数：1.00）A.fact that historians have overestimated the importance of the Puritans in

17、the development of American cultureB.fact that early American culture was deeply influenced by the strong religious oriencolonistsC.extent to which Massachusetts and Connecticut served as cultural models for the other American coloniesD.extent to which colonial America resisted assimilating cultural

18、 patterns that were typically English18.Which of the following statements could most logically follow the last sentence of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Thus, without the cultural diversity represented by the American South, the culture of colonial America would certainly have been homogeneous in nature.B.

19、Thus, the contribution of Southern colonials to American culture was certainly overshadowed by that of the Puritans.C.Thus, convergence, not divergence, seems to have characterized the cultural development of the American colonies in the eighteenth century.D.Thus, the culture of America during the C

20、olonial period was far more sensitive to outside influence than historians are accustomed to acknowledge.19.The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was _.（分数：1.00）A.dying out as Puritan influence began t

21、o growB.self-consciously and distinctively SouthernC.more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of EnglandD.spreading to Massachusetts and Connecticut20.The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American SouthB.ref

22、uting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American SouthC.refuting the two premises that underlie Davis discussion of the culture of the AmericanD.challenging the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature六、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：10.00)21.Australia

23、began to assume its modem configuration by the Eocene Epoch, some 50 million years ago, when Antarctica broke away and drifted southward.（分数：0.50）A.statusB.sphereC.shapeD.situation22.Education in Russia and the other new countries faces especially daunting obstacles because the struggling economies

24、of these nations often provide insufficient funds for education.（分数：0.50）A.stunningB.discouragingC.concerningD.prevailing23.The Austrian manufacturing industry consists of a few large organizations, many of which oper ate under government auspices.（分数：0.50）A.supervisionB.orientationC.regulationD.spo

25、nsorship24.A corps of so-called barefoot doctors are trained in hygiene, preventive medicine, acupuncture, and routine treatment of common diseases.（分数：0.50）A.nutritionB.sanitationC.nurseryD.welfare25.The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to curtail not only ba

26、d taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations.（分数：0.50）A.avertB.denyC.excludeD.reduce26.European conservatives, until the end of the 19th century, rejected democratic principles and institutions. Instead they opted for monarchies or for authoritarian government.（分数：0.50）

27、A.choseB.constructedC.conceivedD.conserved27.The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the products local distributors.（分数：0.50）A.potentialB.responsiveC.inquisitiveD.perceptive28.Britain occupied

28、Java during the Napoleonic Wars. Both the British and later the Dutch tried to centralize and reform Javas administration. The Dutch wavered between opening the area to individual enterprise and reverting to a monopoly system.（分数：0.50）A.resolvedB.reckonedC.hesitatedD.discriminated29.From 1965 to 197

29、8 American consumer prices increased at an average annual rate of 5. 7 percent. This ominous shift was followed by consumer price gains of 13.3 percent in 1979.（分数：0.50）A.promisingB.overwhelmingC.threateningD.astonishing30.Not until the advent of histochemistry could the anatomist see through the mi

30、croscope which cells carry specific enzymes or gauge how active these enzymes are in different cells under various conditions.（分数：0.50）A.discernB.graspC.measureD.estimate31.The preserved food should retain palatable appearance, flavor, and texture, as well as its original nutritional value.（分数：0.50）

31、A.tastyB.stylishC.delicateD.notable32.During the 19th century, Jews in most European countries achieved some equality of status with non-Jews. Nonetheless, at times Jews were harassed by anti-Semitic groups.（分数：0.50）A.opposedB.exploitedC.despisedD.annoyed33.Ideally, anatomical investigation consists

32、 of a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches. Present-day anatomy involves scrutiny of the structure of organ-isms at many levels of observation.（分数：0.50）A.analysisB.recognitionC.evaluationD.examination34.Although diverse, African music has certain distinctive traits, one of which is

33、 the use of repetition as an organizing principle.（分数：0.50）A.benefitsB.featuresC.notionsD.options35.The Social Security Act did not include health insurance because the commission considered that its inclusion would jeopardize the passage of the act.（分数：0.50）A.evadeB.endangerC.excludeD.enhance36.In

34、1982, Hitachi was indicted for stealing confidential documents from IBM. As part of a court settlement, the company pa id IBM hundreds of millions of dollars.（分数：0.50）A.condemned forB.accused ofC.disciplined forD.disapproved of37.The Second Hague Disarmament Conference of 1907 was marked more by dis

35、cord than discourse, a sign of the deteriorating world situation.（分数：0.50）A.facilitatingB.upgradingC.justifyingD.worsening38.Admiral Cervera knew he was being ordered to certain destruction but felt compelled to obey. He chose the morning of July 3 for a gallant escape attempt.（分数：0.50）A.daringB.fut

36、ileC.criticalD.fruitful39.Brazilian music is thoroughly imbued with African themes, and illustrious composers have long found inspiration in the black musical heritage.（分数：0.50）A.imaginativeB.sensitiveC.distinguishedD.persistent40.The prevailing wind is the wind direction most often observed during

37、a given time period. Wind speed is the rate at which the air moves past a stationary object.（分数：0.50）A.motionlessB.massiveC.flexibleD.noticeable七、BPart Error Id(总题数：10，分数：5.00)41.Theories have features that are (indicative) of their truth, and the task of justification is to identify these features

38、and (using them) to guide choices (as to) (which theories) to believe.（分数：0.50）A.indicativeB.using themC.as toD.which theories42.There is nothing in science (staling) that it is good to attempt to save human lives. Saving human lives (seems) to be a (generally held) value in most cultures of the wor

39、ld, but it is not (in some sense) scientifically derived.（分数：0.50）A.stalingB.seemsC.generally heldD.in some sense43.The view (which) elements of a culture are to be understood and judged (in terms of) their relationship to (the culture as a whole) led to the conclusion that the cultures themselves c

40、ould not be (evaluated or graded as) higher and lower, superior or inferior.（分数：0.50）A.whichB.in terms ofC.the culture as a wholeD.evaluated or graded as44.The market for (manufactured goods) is (which) economists call “imperfect,“ because each company has its own style; and all of the arts of adver

41、tisement and salesmanship are devoted (to making) it (even more imperfect) by attracting buyers to particular brand names.（分数：0.50）A.manufactured goodsB.whichC.to makingD.even more imperfect45.Further education is officially (described as) the post-secondary stage of education, (comprised) all vocat

42、ional and convocational (provision made) for young people who have left school, (or for adults).（分数：0.50）A.described asB.comprisedC.provision madeD.or for adults46.In the United States at the time of World War , (when) soldiers were screened (for military service) the army defined (a minimal level)

43、of literacy as that (was normally achieved) in the fifth grade.（分数：0.50）A.whenB.for military serviceC.a minimal levelD.was normally achieved47.Recent reform efforts (have been focused) on encouraging lifelong or recurrent education to meet (changing individual and social needs). Thus, not only (the

44、number of students has increased), (but) the scope of education has also expanded.（分数：0.50）A.have been focusedB.changing individual and social needsC.the number of students has increasedD.but48.The motivation of rapists is now (acknowledged) to be a more complex matter (than being) formerly believed

45、 it (has come) to be widely accepted that rape is not (necessarily) the result of sexual desire.（分数：0.50）A.acknowledgedB.than beingC.has comeD.necessarily49.(To be measured) in terms of its members, teaching is (the worlds biggest profession). Though the roles and functions of teachers (vary from c

46、ountry to country), the variations are generally greater within a country than (they are) between countries.（分数：0.50）A.To be measuredB.the worlds biggest professionC.vary from country to countryD.they are50.Another factor in the display of art objects (concerns their continued preservation). Because

47、 of the sensitivity of some of the materials (used in their creation), it is necessary to control (within narrow limits) the temperature, humidity, and lighting (which) they are exposed.（分数：0.50）A.concerns their continued preservationB.used in their creationC.within narrow limitsD.which八、BPart Word

48、For(总题数：5，分数：2.50)51.In Yugoslavia, the late 1960s and early 1970s were marked by improved relations with other countries, regardless of their political 1. (orient)（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_52.From 1948 to 1961, the proportion of American blacks earning less than $ 3000 a year declined from 78 to 47 percent;

49、at the same time, blacks earning more than $10.000 increased 1 from less than 1 to 17 percent. (Proportion)（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_53.Like other blacks in the western hemisphere, the 1 majority of African Americans were brought to Noah America as slaves between the 1700s and the early 1800s. (Overwhelm)（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_54.According to Ryle, the task of philosophy is to restate “ 1 misleading e