【考研类试卷】考博英语-171及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-171 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)“Pain,“ as Albert Schweitzer once said, “is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself.“ Prolonged pain destroys the quality of life. It can 1 the will to live, at times 2 people to suicide. The physical effects are equally 3 .

2、Severe, persistent pain can spoil sleep and appetite, 4 producing fatigue and reducing the availability of nutrients to organs. It may 5 delay recovery from illness or injury and, in weakened or elderly patients, may make the difference between life and death. 6 , there are some kinds of pain that e

3、xisting treatments cannot ease. 7 doctors can do little in these cases is terribly distressing for everyone involved but is certainly 8 . What seems less understandable is that many people suffer not because their discomfort is untreatable but because physicians are often reluctant to 9 morphine. Mo

4、rphine is the safest, most effective painkiller known for constant, severe pain, but it is also 10 for some people. 11 , it is rarely prescribed. Indeed, concern over addiction has 12 many nations in Europe and elsewhere to ban 13 any uses of morphine anti related substances, including their medical

5、 applications. Even 14 morphine is a legal medical therapy, as it is in Great Britain and the U.S., many doctors, afraid of turning patients into addicts, 15 amounts that are too small to control pain.（分数：30.00）A.boostB.erodeC.wearD.distractA.drivingB.driveC.drivesD.drivenA.compoundB.comprehensibleC

6、exhaustiveD.profoundA.withB.wherebyC.therebyD.asA.thusB.thoughC.alongD.insteadA.FortunatelyB.SadlyC.NotablyD.PromptlyA.ThoughB.WhichC.ThatD.WhileA.understandableB.shamefulC.worryingD.puzzlingA.promoteB.produceC.prescribeD.presentA.strongB.costlyC.ineffectiveD.addictiveA.ConsequentlyB.ConclusivelyC.

7、HoweverD.MeanwhileA.urgedB.enhancedC.ledD.stimulatedA.presentlyB.virtuallyC.decisivelyD.promptlyA.whenB.thoughC.whichD.whereA.administeringB.administerC.administeredD.to administerAlthough many people speak English, they don“t pronounce it or spell the word they use the same way. The United States,

8、in 16 , has its own special way of pronouncing and spelling the English language. They speak American English, and they 17 a lot of its special character to one man: Noah Webster. Noah Webster was born in Connecticut in 1758. He 18 during a period of great American patriotism. He graduated from Yale

9、 University when he was 20. The 19 of the American Revolution brought independence to the United States, but political 20 didn“t satisfy Webster. He wanted to 21 “the King“s English“ and replace it 22 a special American Language. In 1783, Webster published a textbook called The American spelling Boo

10、k. It was used by generation after 23 of American school children. Because the book had a blue back, it becomes famous 24 “the blue-backed speller“. Webster also 25 a dictionary. It too, became very 26 and was updated and reprinted many times. 27 are, when you are confused with a word, you“ll 28 the

11、 word in a new edition of Noah Webster“s book. In his books, Webster made many changes in the English used in the United States. He suggested new ways to 29 and spell English words. He also added new American words 30 the language. Webster made many other changes, most of 31 American use today. Howe

12、ver, Webster did not go 32 his friend Benjamin Franklin wanted him to. Franklin wanted to drop all the silent letters from words; he also wanted to change the spelling of many words. Had Franklin written the dictionary 33 Webster, he 34 spell give giv, and wrong rong. Franklin really wanted to give

13、us our own mother tongue, but we would have 35 it wrong!（分数：40.00）A.particularB.specialC.ordinaryD.extraordinaryA.owingB.ownC.owningD.oweA.grows upB.has been grown upC.grew upD.has grown upA.terminateB.endC.finishD.terminalA.independenceB.dependenceC.independentD.dependentA.doing away withB.doing wi

14、thC.do away withD.do withA.forB.byC.asD.withA.generatingB.generationsC.generationD.generateA.forB.byC.withD.asA.compiledB.has compiledC.was compilingD.compilesA.populatedB.populationC.popularD.popularityA.opportunitiesB.chancesC.opportunityD.chanceA.look upB.look afterC.look forD.look toA.be pronoun

15、cedB.being pronouncedC.have pronouncedD.pronounceA.fromB.forC.toD.inA.thatB.themC.whichD.whatA.as farther asB.as far asC.as long asD.as longer asA.insteadB.in stead ofC.in the stead ofD.instead ofA.hadB.wasC.wouldD.wereA.been spellingB.spelledC.being spelledD.spellThree 36 years ago Daniel Gabriel F

16、ahrenheit made his 37 thermometer in his home town of Danzig (Now Gdansk in Poland). The thermometer was filled with 38 and completely sealed, but it was not much use without some sort of 39 to measure the temperature. One story 40 that, during the winter of 1708-09, Fahrenheit took a measurement of

17、 0 degrees as the coldest temperature outdoorswhich would now read as minus 17.8. Five years 41 he used mercury instead of alcohol for his 42 , and made a top reference point by measuring his own body temperature as 90 degrees. Soon afterwards he became a glassblower, 43 allowed him to make thinly b

18、lown glass tubes that could be marked up with more points on the scale and so 44 accuracy. Eventually he took the 45 point of his temperature scale from a reading made in ice, water and salt, and a top point made from the boiling point of water. The scale was recalibrated using 180 degrees between t

19、hese 46 points and Fahrenheit was able to make much more accurate and more 47 measurements of temperature. But in 1742 a rival challenged the Fahrenheit scale and 48 superseded it. Anders Celsius, in Sweden, invented a scale of 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water and gradual

20、ly 49 over many countries. However, the British 50 wedded to Fahrenheit until well into the 20th century.（分数：30.00）A.thousandB.hundredC.decades ofD.hundreds ofA.initialB.finalC.firstD.lastA.alcoholB.mercuryC.sandD.saltA.scaleB.measurementC.pointsD.degreesA.saysB.rumorsC.concludesD.goesA.agoB.beforeC

21、afterD.laterA.thermometersB.measurementsC.pointsD.degreesA.therebyB.whichC.thatD.whatA.enlargeB.add upC.increaseD.promoteA.eldestB.lowestC.coolestD.deepestA.threeB.fourC.twoD.dualA.continuousB.continuantC.coherentD.consistentA.eventuallyB.accidentallyC.surprisinglyD.fortunatelyA.tookB.turnedC.broug

22、htD.wonA.keptB.remainedC.maintainedD.sustained考博英语-171 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)“Pain,“ as Albert Schweitzer once said, “is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself.“ Prolonged pain destroys the quality of life. It can 1 the will to live, at times 2 people to s

23、uicide. The physical effects are equally 3 . Severe, persistent pain can spoil sleep and appetite, 4 producing fatigue and reducing the availability of nutrients to organs. It may 5 delay recovery from illness or injury and, in weakened or elderly patients, may make the difference between life and d

24、eath. 6 , there are some kinds of pain that existing treatments cannot ease. 7 doctors can do little in these cases is terribly distressing for everyone involved but is certainly 8 . What seems less understandable is that many people suffer not because their discomfort is untreatable but because phy

25、sicians are often reluctant to 9 morphine. Morphine is the safest, most effective painkiller known for constant, severe pain, but it is also 10 for some people. 11 , it is rarely prescribed. Indeed, concern over addiction has 12 many nations in Europe and elsewhere to ban 13 any uses of morphine ant

26、i related substances, including their medical applications. Even 14 morphine is a legal medical therapy, as it is in Great Britain and the U.S., many doctors, afraid of turning patients into addicts, 15 amounts that are too small to control pain.（分数：30.00）A.boostB.erode C.wearD.distract解析：解析 A 项“boo

27、st”意为“促进”，为及物动词；B 项“erode”意为“削弱”，为及物动词；C项“wear”意为“磨损”，为不及物动词；D 项“distract”意为“使分散”，为及物动词，句意是“削弱生存的意志”，因此选择 B。A.driving B.driveC.drivesD.driven解析：解析 理解句意后即可选出此空的正确答案，此句是说痛苦并削弱生存意志，有时甚至迫使人自杀。“drive”有“迫使，催促”的意思。这里是现在分词短语作伴随状语，因此选择 A。A.compoundB.comprehensibleC.exhaustiveD.profound 解析：解析 A 项“compound”意为“

28、复合的”；B 项“comprehensible”意为“可理解的”；C 项“exhaustive”意为“详尽的”；D 项“profound”意为“深远的”，句意是疼痛对身体的影响也是很深远的，因此选择 D。A.withB.wherebyC.thereby D.as解析：解析 A 项“with”意为“随着”；B 项“whereby”意为“凭，由此”；C 项“thereby”意为“借以、从而、由此”；D 项“as”意为“当”，句意是持续的疼痛会进而减少为器官提供营养，因此选择 C。A.thus B.thoughC.alongD.instead解析：解析 A 项“thus”意为“因此”；B 项“tho

29、ugh”意为“虽然”；C 项“along”意为“沿着”；D项“instead”意为“代替”，句意表总结，因此，疼痛会延迟疾病恢复，所以选择 A。A.FortunatelyB.Sadly C.NotablyD.Promptly解析：解析 A 项“Fortunately”意为“幸运地”；B 项“Sadly”意为“悲痛地”；C 项“Notably”意为“尤其”；D 项“Promptly”意为“迅速地”，句意是现有治疗尚不能缓解某些类型的疼痛。A.ThoughB.WhichC.That D.While解析：解析 理解句意后即可选出此空的正确答案，此句是说在这些情况下，医生也无能为力，后面的“that”

30、即为引导这些情况的主语从句，因此选择 C。A.understandable B.shamefulC.worryingD.puzzling解析：解析 A 项“understandable”意为“可以理解的”；B 项“shameful”意为“可耻的”；C 项“worrying”意为“担心”；D 项“puzzling”意为“使迷惑”，句意是可以理解医生在这些情况下的无能为力，因此选择 A。A.promoteB.produceC.prescribe D.present解析：解析 A 项“promote”意为“促进”；B 项“produce”意为“产生”；C 项，“prescribe”意为“开处方”；D

31、 项“present”意为“呈现”，本句是说医生开处方，因此选择 C。A.strongB.costlyC.ineffectiveD.addictive 解析：解析 A 项“strong”意为“强烈的”；B 项“costly”意为“昂贵的”；C 项“ineffective”意为“无效的”；D 项“addictive”意为“成瘾的”，句意是有些人会对这种药上瘾，因此选择 D。A.Consequently B.ConclusivelyC.HoweverD.Meanwhile解析：解析 A 项“Consequently”意为“因此”；B 项“Conclusively”意为“最后”；C 项“Howeve

32、r”意为“然而”；D 项“Meanwhile”意为“其间”，本句表因果，所以选择 A。A.urgedB.enhancedC.led D.stimulated解析：解析 A 项“urge”意为“强烈要求”；B 项“enhance”意为“加强”；C 项“lead”意为“引导，导致”；D 项“stimulate”意为“促进”，句意是关注吗啡成瘾导致后续的事情，因此选择 C。A.presentlyB.virtually C.decisivelyD.promptly解析：解析 A 项“presently”意为“马上”；B 项“virtually”意为“实际上”；C 项“decisively”意为“决定性

33、D 项“promptly”意为“及时”，句子是说这种关注实际上导致了后续的禁令，因此选择 B。A.whenB.thoughC.whichD.where 解析：解析 理解句意后即可选出此空的正确答案，此处是说“即使是在诸如英国和美国这些可以将吗啡合法用于医疗的国家”，因此应选表示地点的副词 where。A.administeringB.administer C.administeredD.to administer解析：解析 理解句意后即可选出此空的正确答案，此处为谓语动词，其主语是 many doctors，句意是“严格掌控剂量，以至于对于控制疼痛收效甚微”，因此选择 B。Although

34、 many people speak English, they don“t pronounce it or spell the word they use the same way. The United States, in 16 , has its own special way of pronouncing and spelling the English language. They speak American English, and they 17 a lot of its special character to one man: Noah Webster. Noah Web

35、ster was born in Connecticut in 1758. He 18 during a period of great American patriotism. He graduated from Yale University when he was 20. The 19 of the American Revolution brought independence to the United States, but political 20 didn“t satisfy Webster. He wanted to 21 “the King“s English“ and r

36、eplace it 22 a special American Language. In 1783, Webster published a textbook called The American spelling Book. It was used by generation after 23 of American school children. Because the book had a blue back, it becomes famous 24 “the blue-backed speller“. Webster also 25 a dictionary. It too, b

37、ecame very 26 and was updated and reprinted many times. 27 are, when you are confused with a word, you“ll 28 the word in a new edition of Noah Webster“s book. In his books, Webster made many changes in the English used in the United States. He suggested new ways to 29 and spell English words. He als

38、o added new American words 30 the language. Webster made many other changes, most of 31 American use today. However, Webster did not go 32 his friend Benjamin Franklin wanted him to. Franklin wanted to drop all the silent letters from words; he also wanted to change the spelling of many words. Had F

39、ranklin written the dictionary 33 Webster, he 34 spell give giv, and wrong rong. Franklin really wanted to give us our own mother tongue, but we would have 35 it wrong!（分数：40.00）A.particular B.specialC.ordinaryD.extraordinary解析：解析 考查固定搭配。in particular 表示“特别是，尤其”；in ordinary 表示“常任的，正规服务的”。这句话说“尤其是美国有

40、自己的发音和拼写方式”。因此，A 选项正确。A.owingB.ownC.owningD.owe 解析：解析 考查固定词组。owe to 为固定搭配，表示“对某人负有感恩、感激等义务”。由于 and引导并列句，空格处分句中缺少谓语动词，因此空白处填动词原形。因此，D 选项正确。A.grows upB.has been grown upC.grew up D.has grown up解析：解析 考查句子时态。本句陈述过去一个事情，故用一般过去时。因此，C 选项正确。A.terminateB.end C.finishD.terminal解析：解析 考查单词词义。A 选项为动词，表示“使终止”；B 选

41、项表示“终止正在进行的事”；C选项表示“因完成而结束”；D 选项表示“终点，终端”。这句话说，美国大革命的终结使美国独立。因此，B 为正确选项。A.independence B.dependenceC.independentD.dependent解析：解析 考查上下文逻辑。前文说美国大革命使得美国成为一个独立国家，由此可推知，空格处是说美国的政治独立。因此，A 选项符合原文意思，为正确选项。A.doing away withB.doing withC.do away with D.do with解析：解析 考查固定词组。do away with 为固定说法，表示“废除，去掉”。根据 want

42、to后面接动词原形，因此，C 选项正确。A.forB.byC.asD.with 解析：解析 考查介词搭配。replace sth. with sth.为固定搭配，表示“用取代”，因此，D选项正确。A.generatingB.generationsC.generation D.generate解析：解析 考查固定词组。generation after generation 为固定词组，表示“一代接一代，世世代代”，因此，C 选项正确。A.for B.byC.withD.as解析：解析 考查介词固定搭配。become famous for 为固定搭配，表示“因而闻名的”。因此，A选项正确。A.co

43、mpiled B.has compiledC.was compilingD.compiles解析：解析 考查句子时态。这句话陈述了过去一个事实，用一般过去时即可。这句话为“Wester 还编撰了一本词典”，因此，A 选项正确。A.populatedB.populationC.popular D.popularity解析：解析 根据空格前面的副词 very可推知，空格处应填一个形容词。四个选项中只有 C选项为形容，表示“受欢迎的”，因此，C 选项正确。A.opportunitiesB.chances C.opportunityD.chance解析：解析 考查单词词义。根据空格后面的 are，可推

44、知空格处应填名词复数形式，故排除 C和 D选项。A 选项表示“机会”，而 B选项表示“可能性”。这句话说“有可能当你不知道某个单词意思时，你可以在 Noah Webster新版中查询它的意思”。因此，B 选项正确。A.look up B.look afterC.look forD.look to解析：解析 考查固定词组。look up 表示“查阅字典或参考书”，look after 表示“照顾”，look for表示“寻找”，look to 表示“指望，依赖；照顾”。空格处说“在 Noah Webster新版中查找它的意思”，因此，A 选项正确。A.be pronouncedB.being p

45、ronouncedC.have pronouncedD.pronounce 解析：解析 根据空格前面的 to以及空格后的 and spell可推知，此处填动词原形。因此，D 选项正确。A.fromB.forC.to D.in解析：解析 空格处是说为这一语言增加新的美国单词。from 表示“从，根据”，for 表示“为了”，to 表示“向”，in 表示“在里面”。addto为固定搭配。因此，C 选项为正确选项。A.thatB.themC.which D.what解析：解析 考查非限制性定语从句。根据空格前面分句为一个完整的句子，可推知空格处为从句。which指代前面的“other changes

46、因此，C 选项正确。A.as farther asB.as far as C.as long asD.as longer as解析：解析 考查比较级。as far as 表示“远到”，表程度或范围，not as far as 表示“不及”；as long as表示“只要，在的时候”。这句话说“Webster 并没有像他朋友 Benjamin Franklin期待他走得那么远”，空格处表示比较，因此，B 选项最符合原文意思，为正确选项。A.insteadB.in stead ofC.in the stead ofD.instead of 解析：解析 考查虚拟语气。这句话为省略了 if的虚拟从

47、句。空格处表示“如果是 Franklin编撰这本词典，而不是 Webster”。instead of 为固定词组，表示“代替，而不是”。因此，C 选项正确。A.hadB.wasC.would D.were解析：解析 考查虚拟语气。这句话为省略了 if的虚拟从句。在虚拟句中，主句用 would+动词，空格后有动词 spell，由此推知空格处填 would。因此，C 选项正确。A.been spellingB.spelled C.being spelledD.spell解析：解析 考查现在完成时。这句话为现在完成时，have 后面接过去分词形式，因此，B 选项正确。Three 36 years a

48、go Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit made his 37 thermometer in his home town of Danzig (Now Gdansk in Poland). The thermometer was filled with 38 and completely sealed, but it was not much use without some sort of 39 to measure the temperature. One story 40 that, during the winter of 1708-09, Fahrenheit to

49、ok a measurement of 0 degrees as the coldest temperature outdoorswhich would now read as minus 17.8. Five years 41 he used mercury instead of alcohol for his 42 , and made a top reference point by measuring his own body temperature as 90 degrees. Soon afterwards he became a glassblower, 43 allowed him to make thinly blown glass tubes that could be marked up with more points on the scale and so 44 accuracy. Eventually he took the 45 point of his temper