【考研类试卷】考博英语-18及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-18 及答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _.（分数：1.00）A.sizeB.fuelC.constructionD.complicated engines2.Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets?（分数：1.00）A.The fuel is cheap.B.Th

2、ey are cheap to build.C.They can be stopped and re-ignited.D.They must be used soon after fueling.3.The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocket be _.（分数：1.00）A.inexpensive to constructB.capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbitC.easily controlledD.inexpensive to

3、operate4.The author tells us that（分数：1.00）A.whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purposeB.neither type is superiorC.forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were madeD.the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direc

4、tion of the pump5.The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.neither type is very economicalB.the liquid-fuel rocket is bestC.each type has certain advantagesD.the solid-fuel rocket is hest二、B2/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)6.Information about cities, vegetation, a

5、nd road overlying the terrain _.（分数：1.00）A.has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtainedB.would be impossible to convert to data that a computer would acceptC.might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness of present usesD.would make ray tracing obsolete7.As used in the firs

6、t paragraph, terrain most clearly means _.（分数：1.00）A.available information about the weatherB.surrounding land areaC.blank spaces between the mountain rangesD.amount of forest per square mile8.Which of the following is the best description of ray tracing?（分数：1.00）A.The computer simulates rays of the

7、 sun, filling in areas of light and shadow.B.Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer and a dot of color is placed where the line intersects with one of the points of altitude in the machines memory.C.X-rays are used to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees.D.The exact

8、 movement of rays is used by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate missing persons.9.The information used by the computer to make its detailed maps _. . was gathered by the Defense Department and the U. S. Geological Survey . shows points roughly 200 feet apart . involves altitude measure

9、ments（分数：1.00）A.B. and C. and D., and 10.Livermores computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting _.（分数：1.00）A.the path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant explosionB.where incoming nuclear missiles might strikeC.the average annual rainfall for North DakotaD.

10、the amount of pollution in the air三、B3/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)11.What is the authors attitude towards doctors?（分数：1.00）A.sarcasticB.praisingC.objectiveD.appreciative12.Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may _.（分数：1.00）A.slow down recoveryB.lead to suicide in some casesC.be too h

11、ard for them to acceptD.help deal with illness13.Doctors think that lying to their patients is _.（分数：1.00）A.a medical traditionB.to harm their own integrityC.to defend medicineD.uttering the truth for truths sake14.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.Doct

12、ors are often in a dilemma as to tell the patient his real condition of health.B.Doctors reluctance to tell patient truth has no real support in reality.C.Doctors lies are different from that of lawyers and government officials.D.Doctors and patients hold different views about telling truth.15.Who a

13、re most likely to lie for serving purposes?（分数：1.00）A.physiciansB.surgeonsC.psychiatristsD.lawyers四、B4/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)16.To punish those who violate the family-planning policy the Chinese government does which of the following7（分数：1.00）A.Put them into prison.B.Fine those couples.C.Reduce their wage

14、s.D.Advise them to observe the rule.17.The primary purpose of this passage is to _.（分数：1.00）A.predict the population problem in ChinaB.explain why the family-planning policy is adopted in ChinaC.illustrate the result of family-planning policyD.demonstrate the cause and effect of the family-planning

15、policy18.According to the passage, all of the following are the causes for the population explosion in China except _.（分数：1.00）A.better lifeB.decreased death rateC.better educationD.better health19.All of the following can be inferred form the passage except that _.（分数：1.00）A.many developed nations

16、suffer from the problem of a rapidly aging populationB.the family-planning policy meets more difficulty in the countryside than in citiesC.the increasing number of aged people is a result of the reduced birth-rateD.in the year of 2010 each child will have to look after one parent20.According to the

17、passage, China is in a population dilemma in the sense that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is difficult to carry out the family-planning policyB.Chinese population will continue to increase rapidly in the near futureC.birth-rate decreases but the percentage of old people increasesD.more old people survive in the s

18、ociety五、B5/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)21.It can be concluded from the passage that the spirit of the progressive movement is the spirit _.（分数：1.00）A.to end political corruptionB.to minimize social and economic disorderC.to promote free competitionD.to reform all the social evils and problems22.The passage is p

19、rimarily concerned with _.（分数：1.00）A.the reasons for the Progressive MovementB.the problems that American society faced between the 1890s and the end of World War IC.the causes and contents of the Progressive reformD.the belief that Americans possessed in their society23.It can be inferred from the

20、passage that progressives believed that _.（分数：1.00）A.the rate of industrial development should be reducedB.rapid growth of cities resulted mainly from the massive immigrationC.human beings are able to do anything wellD.government tended to protect the businesses rather than the masses24.The author b

21、elieved that the remedy-for the social problems is _.（分数：1.00）A.to stop the use of powerB.to establish more schools and medical clinicsC.to depend on government to make reformsD.to minimize the conflict between the labor and capital25.All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the A

22、merican society before the 1890s except that _.（分数：1.00）A.there was little equal opportunity for general AmericansB.industry developed very rapidlyC.thousands of people immigrated to the United StatesD.economic depression did great harm to its development六、BPart Translat(总题数：2，分数：6.00)26.Culture is

23、the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour. Culture thus defined consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and other related components; and the development of culture depends upon mans capa

24、city to learn and to transmit knowledge to succeeding generations. Every human society has its own particular culture, or sociocultural system, which overlaps to some extent with other systems. Variation among sociocultural systems is attributable to physical habitats and resources; to the range of

25、possibilities inherent in various areas of activity, such as language, rituals and customs, and the manufacture and use of tools, and to the degree of social development. Adaptation and change take place within and among cultures by means of ecological and environmental changes.（分数：3.00）_27.Data bas

26、e (or database): any collection of data that is specially organized for rapid search and retrieval, usually by a computer. Databases are organized and integrated in such a way as to facilitate the accessing, manipulation, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing operations. T

27、he information in many databases consists of natural-language texts of documents. Information is retrieved from these computerized records based on the presence in them of words or short phrases that are identical to those posed in the users query. In a typical query, the user provides a sequence of

28、 characters, such as the title of a journal or the name of a subject area, and the computer searches in the database for a corresponding sequence of characters and provides the source materials in which those characters appear. Queries are the principal means by which users retrieve database informa

29、tion.（分数：3.00）_七、BPart B Translat(总题数：1，分数：3.00)28.摩天大搂、高速公路、小轿车和市场上品种繁多的家用电器，这一切都说明中国自 1978 年实行改革开放以来经历了深刻的变化。这是人们能够亲眼看见的变化。然而，在人们物质生活变化的背后，还有其他一些可能是具有更重要意义的变化。社会学家们发现，随着人们生活水平的提高，传统的生活方式和观念也慢慢地发生了变化。社会学家们一直在关注这些变化，从家庭结构的演变到妇女社会地位的变化，从人们对婚姻的态度到消费观念的转变，还有收入水平的两极分化等，这些都成为社会学家们研究的课题。（分数：3.00）_八、BPart

30、Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)29.Europe was the first of the major world regions to develop a modern economy based on commercial agriculture and industrial development. Its successful modernization can be traced to the continents rich endowment of economic resources, its history of innovations, the evoluti

31、on of a skilled and educated labor force, and the interconnectedness of all its parts-both naturally existing and man-made-which facilitated the easy movement of massive quantities of raw materials and finished goods and the communication of ideas.Europes economic modernization began with a marked i

32、mprovement in agriculture output in the 17th century, particularly in England. The traditional method of cultivation involved periodically allowing land to remain fallow; this gave way to continuous cropping on fields that were fertilized with manure nom animals raised as food for rapidly expanding

33、urban markets. Greater wealth was ac- cumulated by landowners at the same time that fewer farmhands were needed to work the land. The accumulated capital and abundant cheap labor created by this revolution in agriculture fueled the development of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The re

34、volution began in northern England in the 1730s with the development of water-driven machinery to spin and weave wool and cotton. By mid-century James Watt had developed a practical steam engine that emancipated machinery from sites adjacent to waterfalls and rapids. Britain had been practically def

35、orested by this time and the incessant demand for more fuel to run the engines led to the exploitation of coal as a major industry. Industries were built on the coalfields to minimize the cost of transporting coal over long distances. The increasingly surplus rural population flocked to the new manu

36、facturing areas. Canals and other improvements in the transportation infrastructure were made in these regions, which made them attractive to other industries that were not necessarily dependent on coal and thus prompted development in adjacent regionsIndustrialization outside of England began in th

37、e mid-19th century in Belgium and northeastern France and spread to Germany, The Netherlands southern Scandinavia and other areas in conjunction with the construction of railways. By the 1870s the governments of the European nations had recognized the vital importance of factory production and had t

38、aken steps to encourage local development through subsidies and tariff protection against foreign competition. Large areas, however, remained virtually untouched by modern industrial development, including most of the Iberian Peninsula southern Italy, and a broad belt of eastern Europe extending fro

39、m the Balkans on the south to Finland and northern Scandinavia.During the 20th century Europe has experienced periods of considerable economic growth and prosperity, and industrial development has proliferated much more widely throughout the continent: but continued economic development in Europe ha

40、s been handicapped to a large degree by its multi- national character-which has spawned economic rivalries among states and two devastating World wars-as well as by the exhaustion of many of its resources and by increased economic, competition from overseas. Governmental protectionism, which has ten

41、ded to restrict the potential market for a product to a single country, has deprived many industrial concerns of the efficiencies of large-scale production serving a mass market ( such as is found in the United States). In addition, enterprise efficiency has suffered from government support and from

42、 a lack of competition within a national market area. Within individual countries there have been growing tensions between regions that have prospered and those that have not. This core-periphery problem has been particularly acute in situations where the contrasting regions are inhabited by differe

43、nt ethnic groups.（分数：20.00）_考博英语-18 答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _.（分数：1.00）A.sizeB.fuel C.constructionD.complicated engines解析：文中提到相比之下，液体燃料驱动的火箭造价更高，但 the solid fuel，pound per pound；costs about 10 times as muc

44、h as the liquid fuel，可以判断固体燃料驱动火箭昂贵之处在于其燃料。2.Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets?（分数：1.00）A.The fuel is cheap.B.They are cheap to build. C.They can be stopped and re-ignited.D.They must be used soon after fueling.解析：文中指出 a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive

45、 device，选项 B 说其造价低，与文意不符。3.The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocket be _.（分数：1.00）A.inexpensive to constructB.capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbitC.easily controlled D.inexpensive to operate解析：文中提到 manned space flight needs the fine adjustments only be pr

46、ovided by liquid fuels，而前文讲了液体燃料火箭 rocket engine can be stopped completely：it can be re-ignited when desired，可以判断 manned space flight 对火箭最重要的要求是易于操控，选项 C 正确。4.The author tells us that（分数：1.00）A.whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purpose B.neither type is superiorC.

47、forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were madeD.the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direction of the pump解析：文中作者首先提到一些外行的问题，两种火箭哪个更好，作者认为两者 have their own advantages，随后列举了在 military 和 manned space flight 方面各自的用途，可以判断作者想告诉人们两种火箭的优劣在于其用途，选项

48、 A 正确。5.The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.neither type is very economicalB.the liquid-fuel rocket is bestC.each type has certain advantages D.the solid-fuel rocket is hest解析：文中提到一些外行可能会问，相较而言 liquid and solid-fuel rockets 哪个更好，作者对此问题的看法是 The question is meaningless，接着在文中分别阐述了两种类型火箭各自的优缺