【考研类试卷】考博英语-205及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-205 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Two trucks were reported to have _ head-on yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.bumpedB.crashedC.collidedD.struck2.He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief- _, he is the greatest devil I ever know.（分数：1.00）A.as a consequenceB.as a ruleC.as a matter of

2、factD.as a matter of routine3.A physical examination is a _ to joining the army.（分数：1.00）A.parliamentaryB.preliminaryC.elementaryD.complementary4.I dont understand why people _ such a beautiful garden with cans and bottles.（分数：1.00）A.locatedB.providedC.protectedD.littered5.You were _ by your absence

3、 yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.mercifulB.conscientiousC.conspicuousD.impartial6.The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most _ achievement of the 20th, century.（分数：1.00）A.obscureB.notableC.acuteD.objective7.The Olympic Games were watched by _ billions of people around the world.（分数：1.00）A.virtuallyB.literallyC.

4、deliberatelyD.appropriately8.City officials are considering building a path to give the public _ to the site.（分数：1.00）A.recreationB.excessC.excursionD.access9.In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly _ as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itse

5、lf.（分数：1.00）A.crucialB.centralC.casualD.causal10.Since she was alone, she opened the door _, leaving the chain lock fastened.（分数：1.00）A.warilyB.consciouslyC.audaciouslyD.recklessly11.They are both very determined people, so theres rather _ by personalities.（分数：1.00）A.debateB.disagreementC.contestD.c

6、lash12.President Bushs visit was planned to _ 30th anniversary of President Nixons visit to China.（分数：1.00）A.depend onB.adhere toC.coincide withD.cling to13.Ive never _ the theory that people are more important than animals.（分数：1.00）A.subscribed toB.hung onC.engaged inD.indulged in14.Our interests s

7、eem to _ at this point.（分数：1.00）A.constrainB.condenseC.conductD.converge15.The people for the experiment were chosen completely _.（分数：1.00）A.at lengthB.in essenceC.at randomD.in bulk16.His trick convinced none but the most _.（分数：1.00）A.credulousB.plausibleC.trustworthyD.feasible17.The reporter manag

8、ed to get an _ interview with the Prime Minister.（分数：1.00）A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive18.There was nothing we could do _ wait.（分数：1.00）A.or ratherB.but ratherC.rather thanD.other than19.Many people proposed that a national committee be formed to discuss _ to existing mass transit syste

9、ms.（分数：1.00）A.substitutesB.measuresC.duplicatesD.alternatives20.What is the _ of going by boat when the plane costs no more and is quicker?（分数：1.00）A.impressionB.meaningC.comprehensionD.sense二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is fol

10、lowed by some questions dr unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.BPassage One/BFrom the health point of view we are liv

11、ing in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of l

12、ife has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people

13、the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans ve

14、ry worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be bro

15、ught to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car p

16、arks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are noto

17、riously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far difficult than it is;

18、all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are, allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a per

19、sons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much, stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specification for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power

20、and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.（分数：5.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is _.（

21、分数：1.00）A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents(2).What does the author think of society toward motorists?（分数：1.00）A.Society cri

22、ticizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothing.(3).Why does the author say “his car becomes the extension of his personality“?（分数：1.00）A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the

23、other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.(4).Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?（分数：1.00）A.build more highwaysB.stricter driving testsC.test drivers every three yearsD.raise age limit and lay down safet

24、y specifications(5).The attitude of the author is _.（分数：1.00）A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militantBPassage Two/BClimatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earths atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere

25、 gases the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the heat-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the clo

26、ud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching the Earths surface.The level of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earths incoming energy is short wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, h

27、owever, reradiates much of the received energy as a long wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus

28、, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430. If the CO 2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become comp

29、letely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3. If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activities, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer cl

30、imate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants

31、 would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increases and decreases of a set magnitude.Some

32、 climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1 may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are

33、many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example, the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations

34、.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following questions does the passage supply information for answering?（分数：1.00）A.Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so inaccurate?B.What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long wavelength radiation?C

35、.How might our understanding of the greenhouse effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased?D.What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?(2).The author is primarily concentrated on _.（分数：1.00）A.explaining the effects that t

36、he burning of fossil fuels might have on climateB.illustrating the effects of CO2 on atmospheric radiationC.discussing effects that changes in the CO2 level in the atmosphere might have on climateD.challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO2 on climate(3).The passage suggests tha

37、t a large decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would result in _.（分数：1.00）A.at least a slight decrease in global temperaturesB.at most a slight increase in short wavelength radiation reaching the EarthC.a slight long-term increase in global temperaturesD.a slight short-term increase in gl

38、obal temperatures(4).The author refers to the Venus primarily in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.show the inherent weakness of the greenhouse effect theoryB.show that the greenhouse effect works on other planets but not on the EarthC.show the extent to which Earths atmosphere differs from that of the VenusD.s

39、upport the argument that the CO2 level in the atmosphere has a significant effect on climate(5).The passage suggests that if there were a slight global warming at the present time, it would be _.（分数：1.00）A.easy to measure the exact increase in temperature because of the abundance of temperature reco

40、rding stations throughout the worldB.difficult to prove that the warming was caused by the burning of fossil fuelsC.easy to demonstrate the effects of the warming on the water vapor in the atmosphereD.difficult to measure the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere because of local variations in amountBPa

41、ssage Three/BScience is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they a

42、re. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is sup

43、erficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any

44、 science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or-independently of any course-simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what sci

45、ence is who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views

46、and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing rol

47、e of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a l

48、anguage that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far fr

49、om being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and