【考研类试卷】考博英语-249及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-249 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SectionListening Go(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Setion Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allo cation of resources either_of being too old or too young.（分数：1.00）A.at the riskB

2、to the pointC.in the caseD.on the ground2.In no_should you do this without help and advice from your doctorrestricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.（分数：1.00）A.perspectivesB.restrictionsC.circumstancesD.consequences3.The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and

3、inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 percent in the spring of 1974.（分数：1.00）A.boostedB.harnessedC.staggeredD.embarked4.The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen_government files.（分数：1.00）A.release fromB.excess ofC.redress ofD.access to5.But, in our enthusiasm to discover our her

4、itage, we are mining the very scenery we go to enjoy, damaging natural habitats,_down footpaths, disturbing wild- life, polluting the air and dropping litter.（分数：1.00）A.wearingB.treadingC.fallingD.cutting6.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at his_spirit

5、 and his unfailing good temper.（分数：1.00）A.variantB.gallantC.pertinentD.solitary7.The idea was just beginning to_in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that retailing companies were run.（分数：1.00）A.show upB.catch onC.open outD.get by8.When a system is unjust to the_, abolition, not

6、 reform, is what respect for justice demands.（分数：1.00）A.endB.excessC.coreD.bottom9.Communication orally involves more than reading or talking, gesture, posture, movements may all be_to it.（分数：1.00）A.intrinsicB.coherentC.appealingD.submissive10.The custom is_in the belief that a new pregnancythrough

7、its detrimen tal effect on breastfeedingwould endanger the mothers health.（分数：1.00）A.celebratedB.observedC.viewedD.presented11.Now, dont tell anyone else what Ive just told you. Remember, its_.（分数：1.00）A.controversialB.secretiveC.confidentialD.sacred12.Did he really expect her to smile now and_with

8、his plans, treat all this deception as no more than an unusual diversion?（分数：1.00）A.fall inB.put offC.agree toD.stand up13.The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a_that filled the church to over flowing.（分数：1.00）A.processionB.reunionC.rallyD.congregation14.Without Bobs testimony, evidence of bribe

9、ry is lacking and_in the case will be impossible.（分数：1.00）A.verdictB.sentenceC.convictionD.acquittal15.He did not tell his parents because he knew they would try to change his mind but he_in a colleague at work.（分数：1.00）A.involvedB.joinedC.engrossedD.confided16.The Commission found instances where p

10、olice officers had lied under oath, _evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.（分数：1.00）A.entailedB.fabricatedC.cleansedD.precluded17.Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about, but even relatively small alt

11、erations can make_to the visual comfort of pupils with sight defects.（分数：1.00）A.a differenceB.an interferenceC.a modificationD.an impact18.The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were_.（分数：1.00）A.illegibleB.indelibleC.illegitimateD.inscrutable19.She_the words, not knowing what to say,

12、 how to put into plain speech her decision to finish their love.（分数：1.00）A.passed ontoB.stumbled overC.burst outD.dropped down20.Any person who is in_while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.（分数：1.00）A.jeopardyB.custodyC.suspicionD.probation四、Section Cloze(总题数：1，

13、分数：15.00)Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long term results can one expect? In high-income regions, (41) North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic

14、 (42) supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we (43) the strongest in crease to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these (44) in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all re

15、gions, the share of low speed mil transport will probably continue its strongly (45) decline.We expect that throughout the period 1990-2050, the (46) North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time (47) to automobile travel. The very large demand (48) air travel (or hi

16、gh-speed mil travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (49) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a iittle time goes a long way in the air. In sev eral developing regions, most travel (50) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist (51) the primary form of motorized transport

17、ation in developing countries for decades. (52) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and (53) low speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (54) of the super-rich already com mute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on t

18、he (55) .41.（分数：15.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Section Reading Co(总题数：5，分数：30.00)1Can animals have a sense of humor? Sally Blanchard, publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report, thinks a pet parrot may have p

19、ulled her leg. Thats one explanation for the time her African gray parrot, named Bongo Marie, seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot named Paco.It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner. As Blanchard lifted her knife, the African gray threw

20、 back its head and said, “Oh, no! Paco!“ Trying not to laugh, Blanchard said, “Thats not Paco,“ and showed Bongo Ma rie that the Amazon was alive and well. Mimicking a disappointed tone, Bongo Marie said, “Oh, no,“ and launched into a hoarse laugh.Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the

21、other bird was a goner? Did Bongo Marie comprehend Blanchards response? Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of wordsfor example, that red refers to a color, not just a particular red object. Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans, and so, whether or

22、not Bongo Maries crocodile tears were intentional, the episode was thoroughly satisfy ing from the parrots point of view.（分数：3.00）(1).When Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner, Bongo Marie acted as if Paco was_.（分数：1.00）A.gone and couldnt eat the mealB.dead and being cut for the mealC.de

23、adly ill and discarded by the hostessD.away and should be back to join them(2).Why did Sally Blanchard believe Bongo Marie made a joke that day?（分数：1.00）A.It showed sadness and deceived her.B.It shed crocodile tears intentionally.C.It pretended to understand her words.D.It burst into laughter after

24、a distressed ton(3).In the last sentence, the clause “the episode was. point of view“ suggests that Bongo Marie was_.（分数：1.00）A.quite content with its own performanceB.believed to have a sense of humorC.trying to win its hosts favorD.successful in getting a human response2Dont call him just a colleg

25、e professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, advi sor to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate.Henry Louis “Skip“ Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the acade my. This week he sold Africana. corn, a website he created with a fellow Harvard Un

26、iver sity professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal werent revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $10 million, with Gates reaping up to $1 million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into Ameri

27、ca Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue.As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure profes sor, penning books on literary theory only a graduat

28、e student could love. Now he cant be avoided: He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorker, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Ste yen Spielberg, Microsofts Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. “Theyre no

29、t inti mate friends,“ he insists.Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. “He remains the go-to person on the state of African-American affairs,“ said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each

30、year are another source of income for the professor.With fame comes controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. “Me? Critics? Oh, what a shock. “ But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and edu

31、cator W. E. B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. “Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro-American stud- ies,“ he says.If working as a consultant on Spielbergs historical film Amistad or giving A1 Gore ad- v

32、ice helps, so be it.（分数：6.00）(1).What can we learn about African（分数：1.00）A.com?A. It may be financially mediocre to Time Warner.B. It is maintained by Gates for Time Warner.C. It becomes a sister website of America Online.D. It is meant for the U. S. general publi(2).What is true about Henry Louis “

33、Skip“ Gates Jr. ?（分数：1.00）A.He is barely qualified to teach in Harvard.B.He is an American of African descent.C.History and education are his minors.D.President Gore is among his friends.(3).In Paragraph 5, the phrase “have taken him to task for.“ most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.“have blamed him for

34、 a certain fault“B.“have made him pay for his mistake“C.“have had him do an assignment“D.“have trusted him with a certain job“(4).From Gatess mention of W. E. B. Du Bois and Malcolm X we can infer that_.（分数：1.00）A.Gates is reluctant to take the latter as his ancestorB.Gates regards the former as mor

35、e successful than the latterC.Gates remains a follower of the former instead of the latterD.Gates claims to have a similar career to that of the former(5).According to Henry Louis “Skip“ Gates Jr. himself, giving advice to Al Gore is_.（分数：1.00）A.out of some academic concernB.for some financial purpo

36、sesC.in the interest of Afro-AmericansD.of some political consequence(6).In this passage the author expresses a tone of（分数：1.00）A.admirationB.sarcasmC.objectivityD.disapproval3Forget football. At many high schools, the fiercest competition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive “pouring rights“ to

37、 sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout. Cokes machines will now also stock water, juice, and other healthful options-even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other “noncommercial graphics“ instead of Cokes vivid red lo

38、go. “The pendulum needs to swing back“ on school-based marketing, said Dunn.Cokes about-face-particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school districtscomes amid rising concern over kids health. American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-relate

39、d diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered so da pop as a likely culprit. Communities-and legislators-are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Col

40、a that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing report to congress last month, the U. S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards (the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify).Spare

41、 change? Activists hope Cokes capitulation will help curb commercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other brand-name prod ucts in their word problems, to company-sponsored sc

42、oreboards on football fields, Ameri can pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Ca lif.-based Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Colas policy shift as a “partial victory“. Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the parent company can o

43、nly urge them to back off. Moreover, Cokes machines will remain in place, although with healthier options.And dont expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff-or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a. m. and stay as la

44、te as 11 oclock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor, in stall a new high jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. “If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, Id consider it,“ says B

45、oland. “But nobodys offering me any money. /（分数：6.00）(1).“Forget football“ in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been_.（分数：1.00）A.the fiercest competition at high schoolsB.thought to have ill impact on studentsC.competing with commercials on campusD.brought into disrepute by Coke and Pepsi(2).La

46、st week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, made an important de cision to_.（分数：1.00）A.defend its red logo on a still larger scaleB.agree to negotiate with Pepsi over new termsC.modify its sales engineering at high schoolsD.give up its exclusive “pouring rights“ on campus(3).Coca-Cola is

47、to take new action most probably because_.（分数：1.00）A.it will sacrifice itself for childrens healthB.it will not get involved in some law suitsC.it is unable to beat so many opponentsD.it is reluctant to fall behind Pepsi company(4).Supporters of Coca-Cola would say that its new practice will_.（分数：1.

48、00）A.set a moral example for other commercialism on campusB.stop any commercialism in school in the near futureC.help the business prevail over others in schoolD.gain a wide acclaim from all the students(5).The phrase “back off“ in boldface in this context probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.to keep promise of fulfilling the contractsB.to avoid making as many deals as beforeC.to refrain from doing business with schoolsD.to yield in claims while making