【考研类试卷】考博英语-283及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-283 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Structure a few months later be formed the Pemberton Chemical Company and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose

2、that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It Was a m

3、odification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He d

4、istributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeepers script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola“ was writ- ten in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially fo

5、r people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-cola. Druggists customarily stirred a tea- spoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance

6、the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the p

7、assage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?（分数：1.00）A.He was highly respected by Atlantans.B.He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C.He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D.He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.(2).Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemb

8、ertons Company?（分数：1.00）A.Skills to make French wine.B.Talent for drawing pictures.C.An acute sense of smell.D.Ability to work with numbers.(3).Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?（分数：1.00）A.He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmess.B.He brought a quite profitable product into being.C.H

9、e observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D.He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.(4).One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was _.（分数：1.00）A.used beer bottles were chosen as containersB.the amount of caffeine in it was increasedC.it was blended with oils instead of

10、 waterD.cola nut extract was added to taste(5).According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for _.（分数：1.00）A.the young as a soft drinkB.a replacement of French Wine CocaC.the relief of a hangoverD.a cure for the common headache(6).The last paragraph mainly tells _.（

11、分数：1.00）A.the complaint against the lazy shop-assistantB.a real test of Coca-Cola as a headache cureC.the mediocre service of the drugstoreD.a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola八、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press“ proved that a low-priced paper,

12、 edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press,

13、 or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny pa

14、per tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a bett

15、er product, too. popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competi

16、tion at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering paper, had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in compar

17、ison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its comp

18、etitors sold for sir cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers

19、who were imitating Days success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?“（分数：1.00）A.It was known for its in-depth news reporting.B.It had an inv

20、olvement with some political parties.C.It depended on the business community for survival.D.It aimed at pleasing the general publi(2).In its early days, a penny paper often _.（分数：1.00）A.paid much attention to political partiesB.provided stories that hit the pubic tasteC.offered penetrating editorial

21、s on various issuesD.covered important news with inaccuracy(3).As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper _.（分数：1.00）A.improved its contentB.changed its writing styleC.developed a more sensational styleD.became a tool for political parties(4).The underlined word “ventures“ in Paragr

22、aph 2 can best be replaced by _.（分数：1.00）A.editorsB.reportersC.newspapersD.companies(5).What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore Sun?（分数：1.00）A.They turned out to be failures.B.They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C.They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D.The

23、y became well-known newspapers in the U. S.(6).This passage is probably taken from a book on _.（分数：1.00）A.the work ethics of the American mediaB.the technique in news reportingC.the history of sensationalism in American mediaD.the impact of mass media on American society九、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)For

24、get what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs-a room of ones own. The writer she has in mind wasnt at work on a novel in cyberspaee, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trance, charming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, Real Player and maybe even

25、 a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika-his legally adopted name; dont ask him about his birth name-composed much of his novel Gramatron. But Grammatron isnt just a story. Its an online narrative (gramatron. com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the con

26、ventional story line into complicated knots. In the four years it took to produce-it was completed in 1997-each new advance in computer software became another potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry,“ jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper.

27、“Thats unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the technology is pretty stable.“Nothing about Gramatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of nanograph a quasi mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For muc

28、h of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city“ in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reader wanders too, because most of Gramatrons 1,000-plus text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the nex

29、t screen just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and theres a XXX-rated sexual rant. The st0ry you read is in some sense file story you make.Amerika

30、 teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,“ he says. Some avant-garde writers-Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino-have also experimented with novels that wand

31、er out of their authors control. “But what makes the Net so exciting,“ says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animation.“ That room of ones own is turning into a fun house.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage is mainly to tell _.（分数：1.00）A.differences between conventio

32、nal and modern novelsB.how Mark Amerika composed his novel GramatronC.common features of all modern electronic novelsD.why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing(2).Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?（分数：1.00）A.Modern writers ca

33、n share rooms to do the writing.B.It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C.Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor.D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspac(3).As an on-line narrative, Gramatron is anything but stable because it _.（分数：1.00）A.provide

34、s potentials for the story developmentB.is one of the novels at gramatron, comC.can be downloaded free of chargeD.boasts of the best among cyber stories(4).By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _.（分数：1.00）A.he could not help but set his Gramatron and oth

35、ers in Industrial RevolutionB.conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technologyC.much of his Gramatron had proved to be cybernetic dependentD.he couldnt care less new advance in computer software(5).As the passage shows, Gramatron makes it possible for readers to _.（分数：1.00）A.

36、adapt the story for a video versionB.“walk in“ the story and interact with itC.develop the plots within the authors controlD.steal the show and become the main character(6).Amerika told his students not to _.（分数：1.00）A.immerse themselves only in creating the plotB.be captivated by the plot alone whi

37、le readingC.be lagged far behind in the plot developmentD.let their plot get lost in the on-going story十、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liverpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured Jame

38、s Bulger away from his mother, who was shopping, and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroad track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before leaving him on the track t

39、o be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went off to watch cartoon.Today the boys are 18-year-old men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release-probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English justi

40、ce system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sloss decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release.

41、 For the rest of their lives, Venables and Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts or the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks

42、are also prohibited.In the U. S. , which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “Were clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,“ says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend

43、 in the U. S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U. S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts, which, for example, ban all video cameras.But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victims family is enraged, as are th

44、e ever-eager British tabloids. “What right have they got to be given special protection as adults.“ asks Bulgers mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables or Thompson move in next door. Says Conservative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malin

45、s: “It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a passport to a completely new life./（分数：6.00）(1).What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Two ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play.B.James Bulger was killed by his two

46、brothers.C.Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.(2).According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson _.（分数：1.00）A.have been treated as juvenile delinquentsB.have been held in protective custody for their murder gameC.were caught while w

47、atching cartoons eight years agoD.have already served out their 10 years in prison(3).The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would _.（分数：1.00）A.hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general publicB.be doomed to become social outcasts after releaseC.still remain dangerous and des

48、tructive if set freeD.be inclined to commit a recurring crime(4).According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be _.（分数：1.00）A.banned from any kind of press interviewB.kept under constant surveillance by policeC.shielded from being identified as killersD.ordered

49、 to report to police their whereabouts(5).From the passage we can infer that a U. S. counterpart of Venables or Thompson would _.（分数：1.00）A.have no freedom to go wherever he wantsB.serve a life imprisonment for the crimeC.be forbidden to join many of his relativesD.no doubt receive massive publicity in the U. S.(6).As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is controversial as it goes without precedentB.the British media are sur