【考研类试卷】考博英语-310及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-310 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.When the nurse took his temperature, it was three degrees above _.（分数：0.50）A.averageB.regularC.normalD.ordinary2.If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater _ to produce.（分

2、数：0.50）A.incentiveB.initiativeC.instructionD.instinct3.The best solution to the problem can only be found by a process of trail and _.（分数：0.50）A.mistakeB.errorC.successD.experiment4.Hong Kong was _ to Britain after the Opium War.（分数：0.50）A.congregatedB.castigatedC.cededD.exceeded5.When confronted wi

3、th such questions, my mind goes _ , and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.（分数：0.50）A.dimB.vainC.faintD.blank6.Susan made careful _ as to the kinds of cake and candy needed for her party.（分数：0.50）A.stimulationB.appreciationC.identificationD.specification7.Substances, whether in the solid, li

4、quid, or gaseous state, possess _ which are independent of the force of cohesion.（分数：0.50）A.attributesB.tendenciesC.elementsD.ingredients8.We spent the day _ through forests and over mountains.（分数：0.50）A.drudgingB.dribblingC.trekkingD.thumping9.Measuring skin fold thickness is considered to be an _

5、method for estimating the amount of fat on ones body.（分数：0.50）A.accessibleB.accountableC.acceptableD.adaptable10.Napoleon was _ at the battle of Waterloo in 1815.（分数：0.50）A.sublimatedB.interspersedC.vanquishedD.interposed11.The doctor assured Susan that the pain would _ one hour after she took the m

6、edicine.（分数：0.50）A.wear outB.wear downC.wear awayD.wear on12.Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms _ in the air.（分数：0.50）A.overridingB.flailingC.overactingD.forsaking13.The rain looked as though it had _ for the night.（分数：0.50）A.set offB.set inC.set outD.set up14.The economic developme

7、nt of that small country is to a considerable extent limited by the _ of raw materials and low consumption level.（分数：0.50）A.abundanceB.inflationC.deficiencyD.installment15.They have been arrested as suspected drug _.（分数：0.50）A.abortionB.vectorC.uraniumD.traffickers16.English primrose need to be grow

8、n in rich damp soil with plenty of _ or compost worked into it.（分数：0.50）A.marijuanaB.manureC.maltD.mallet17.All parts of this machine are _ , so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.（分数：0.50）A.specializedB.standardizedC.minimizedD.modernized18.Old Mr. Browns condition looks very serio

9、us and it is doubtful if he will _.（分数：0.50）A.pull offB.pull upC.pull throughD.pull out19.The failure of the experiment to produce the expected result should alone be _ to your carelessness.（分数：0.50）A.contributedB.ascribedC.distributedD.prescribed20.While some bacteria are beneficial, others are _ i

10、n that they cause disease.（分数：0.50）A.detrimentalB.prodigiousC.intrusiveD.mordant21.Harry vacuum cleaners work entirely by _.（分数：0.50）A.suffrageB.suctionC.suedeD.subtlety22.The company has consistently denied responsibility, but it agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense of _.（分数：0.50）A.teeB.te

11、chC.llamaD.litigation23.Processes in the human body are not in all respects exactly _ to those that can be produced in the experimental animals.（分数：0.50）A.comparativeB.comparableC.competitiveD.compatible24.The physician had to visit his patient six _ days before the patient could be considered in a

12、fair condition.（分数：0.50）A.consequentB.consecutiveC.consistentD.conservative25.Sarah _ articles to the New York Times from time to time.（分数：0.50）A.distributesB.issuesC.subscribesD.contributes26.The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy.（分数：0.50）A.exaggeratingB.aggravatingC.amendingD.fastening27

13、A research worker might _ that the existence of such kind of disease is due to the pollution of the are（分数：0.50）A.A. referB. inferC. conferD. prefer28.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it.（分数：0.50）A.absorp

14、tionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction29.The organization has so far raised $2.5 million to finance bone _ trans-plants for children.（分数：0.50）A.marrowB.moronC.musselD.mire30.She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that was completely at odds with her public _.（分数：0.50）A.personaB.tummyC.s

15、teppeD.rendezvous二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、(1)(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One busy day, I was racing around trying to get too much done, and I exclaimed to my three kids in the car, “We can get both things done and kill two birds with one stone!“ My daughter Annie quietly suggested, “You mean feed tw

16、o birds with one crumb, Mom, dont you? “ I stopped short, realizing how steeped my language is in the culture of war. I had used “weapon“ language without even knowing it. I was embarrassed and yet felt a grace: if a child can become conscious of using a new language of peace, then there is hope.Thi

17、nk about the business language: strategies, bullets, high-caliber, power point; about win-lose sports language like “decimate“, “attack“, “destroy the other team“ , not to mention the movies and video games that simulate the most gruesome annihilations over and over. The lies of propaganda, one-side

18、d media coverage, the alienation of others (those terrorists, the axis of evil) , all part of the “ collective psychic numbing“ of our times. The biggest lie of all is that nuclear weapons are go,ng to protect us. Nuclear weapons are an assault on our life, our planet, and on the Creator of the univ

19、erse. It seems to afflict what our people could be as a result of the mess seeming too big to handle for the average person, disconnected and disempowered. When the world food programme for children equals 1/70th of the annual world military expense, we see what a crisis we are in.Yet it inspired ho

20、pe with the life examples of Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Oscar Romero and others. Each spiritual leader lived the maxim, “no justice, no peace,“ nonviolently insisting on the truth, speaking truth to power without harming others or stripping their dignity. Ima

21、gine if we focused on this commonality, rather than what divides us; imagine if religions and religious leaders promulgated a global culture of peace and tolerance. We do not have to feel overwhelmed; that U. N. structures, NGO documents, UNESCO declarations, peoples ideas for education exist alread

22、y, that the internet is a rich source of counterculture information, eonnectedness and hope. Of what use is a vote or medical care in a war-torn society? A culture of war is like a house of cards ; the house can fall and give rise, like the phoenix, to a new culture of peace. There are three fundame

23、ntal ways to build a culture of peace: understand, participate, communicate. Ill bet our children can think of 50 more, going out and waging peace.（分数：10.00）(1).How does the author feel about the current culture?（分数：2.00）A.Gratified.B.Ashamed.C.Indignant.D.Panicke(2).What can we learn from the secon

24、d paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The public is surrounded by various violence and lies.B.So far we are deeply immersed in the culture of war.C.Nuclear weapons are vivid expression of a culture of war.D.There is another arms race in someplace of the worl(3).By saying “imagine if religions and religious leaders

25、 promulgated. tolerance. “ (Line 5, Par（分数：2.00）A.3) the author means _.A. peace is the only way to achieve our human potentialB. peace is a human right and can not be deprived ofC. without peace, all other human rights are illusoryD. they should lead the faithful away from extremes(4).The statement

26、 “A culture of war is like a house of cards“ (Line 10, last paragraph) implies except _.（分数：2.00）A.a culture of war can be destroyedB.a culture of war is not safe and reliableC.a culture of war will lead to wars easilyD.a culture of war can regenerate(5).From the passage we learn that the author is

27、分数：2.00）A.an enthusiast in world peaceB.a conscientious linguisticianC.a sympathizer with poor childrenD.a devotional Christian四、(2)(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are some that would argue that hospitals are no place for dogs, while they are wrong. At least according to new research reported at the Americ

28、an Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2005. For people hospitalized with advanced heart disease, it is better to have visitors than to lie quietly alone. But one type of visitor seems to be especially beneficial, researchers reported on Tuesday. That visitor is a dog. In the first controlled stu

29、dy of the effects of pet therapy in a random sample of acute and critically ill heart patients, anxiety as measured on a standard rating scale dropped 24 percent for those visited by a dog and a human volunteer, by 10 percent for those visited by a volunteer alone and not at all for those with no vi

30、sitors. Similar results were found in measures of heart and lung function.The senior author of the Pet Therapy Study, Kathie M. Cole, said 76 patients with heart failure, a condition that affects an estimated five million Americans, were randomly assigned one of the three visit types. The dogs, from

31、 12 breeds, were screened for behavior and disease before participating in the study. “Some patients in the first group,“ Ms. Cole said, “began to smile and immediately engaged in conversation with dog and volunteer. “ “Their worries seemed to vanish fiom their faces,“ she said. The researchers exam

32、ined the patients three times: right before the 12-minute visit, eight minutes into it and tour minutes after it was over.Besides the anxiety measurement, researchers found, patients levels of epinephrine, a hormone the body makes when under stress, dropped 17 percent when visited by a person and a

33、dog, and 2 percent when visited by only a person. Epinephrine levels rose an average of 7 percent in the unvisited group in the study, which was financed by the Pet Care Trust Foundation, a nonprofit group. Pressure in the hearts top left chamber dropped 10 percent after a visit by volunteer and dog

34、 The same pressure rose 3 percent for those visited by a volunteer and 5 percent for the unvisited group. Pressure in the pulmonary artery dropped 5 percent during and after a visit by volunteer and dog, but rose in the other two groups. Ms. Cole recommended further studies to determine how long th

35、e benefits lasted. “Dogs are a great comfort,“ she said. “They make people happier, calmer and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well. /（分数：10.00）(1).The sentence “Similar results were found. “ (Last sentence, Par（分数：2.00）A.1) means _.A. the measurement of patients he

36、art and lung function drops when without visitorB. human volunteers only cant provide help for the patients heart and lung functionC. patients heart and lung work more effectively when visited by dog and volunteerD. none of the above(2).How can we know the heart patient is feeling better according t

37、o the study?（分数：2.00）A.When the anxiety measurement doesnt change.B.When the patients level of epinephrine drops.C.When he expresses feelings of being loved by visitors.D.When he shows the willingness to communicate with peopl(3).Which one is used by researchers to determine the benefit of having a

38、dog visitor?（分数：2.00）A.Blood pressure measurement.B.Happiness measurement.C.Anxiety measurement.D.Heart rhythm measurement.(4).To which of the following statements would Ms. Cole most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.Involve pet therapy into normal cures.B.Feed pets in every family.C.Use the dogs in scientif

39、ic research.D.Avoid patients encounter with dogs.(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?（分数：2.00）A.People should provide moderate places for dogs in the hospitals.B.The benefits of being with dogs for heart patients cant last long.C.Encountering dogs will cause the ab

40、normal heart rate of patients.D.Study identifies that dog can be the heart patients best frien五、(3)(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buye

41、rs to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from

42、the Latin “autic“, meaning “increase“. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub hasta“, meaning “under the spear“, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were of

43、ten sold “by the candle“; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique

44、 furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Chrities and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the ad

45、vertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“ , is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the roo

46、m and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurat

47、ely the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competi

48、tors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve“ price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock-out“, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to hid against ea

49、ch other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a “knock-out“ comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.（分数：10.00）(1).The end of bidding is called “knocking down“ because _.（分数：2.00）A.the auctioneer knocks on the tableB.The auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the good