【考研类试卷】考博英语-324及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-324 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The local authority_the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory.（分数：1.00）A.grantedB.allocatedC.financedD.sponsored2.She was complaining that the doctor was_too much for the treatment he was giving her.（分数：1.

2、00）A.expendingB.offeringC.costingD.charging3.The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies_upon the personnel by the government of the project-host country.（分数：1.00）A.imposedB.importedC.improvedD.impressed4.Since the matter was extremely _, we dealt with it immediately.（分数：1.00）A.tough

3、B.tenseC.urgentD.instant5.They are going to have the serviceman_an electric fan in the office tomorrow.（分数：1.00）A.installB.to installC.to be installedD.installed6.The manager spoke highly of such_as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.（分数：1.00）A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.ch

4、aracteristics7.He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _the consequences.（分数：1.00）A.answer forB.run intoC.abide byD.step into8.I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont_anything.（分数：1.00）A.lackB.withdrawC.omitD.leak9.Which sport has the mos

5、t expenses_training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms?（分数：1.00）A.in place ofB.in terms ofC.by means ofD.by way of10.The monopoly-capitalist group_many smaller enterprises last year.（分数：1.00）A.integratedB.mergedC.combinedD.collected11.I felt_to death because I could make nothing of t

6、he chairmans speech.（分数：1.00）A.fatiguedB.tiredC.exhaustedD.bored12.It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are_free medical care.（分数：1.00）A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to13.My father has been on the_in this factory for nearly 20 years.（分数：1.00）A.paypacketB.pa

7、yoffC.payrollD.payment14.Remember that customers dont_about prices in that city.（分数：1.00）A.debateB.consultC.disputeD.bargain15.Your advice would be_valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.（分数：1.00）A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively16.When he arrived, he found_the aged an

8、d the sick at home.（分数：1.00）A.none butB.none other thanC.nothing butD.no other than17.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at_.（分数：1.00）A.dangerB.stakeC.lossD.threat18._seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.（分数：1.00）A.ByB.OnC.AtD.Fo

9、r19.Im sure he is up to the job_he would give his mind to it.（分数：1.00）A.if onlyB.in caseC.untilD.unless20.When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at_.（分数：1.00）A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Teachers need to be aware of

10、 the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can be best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and

11、 a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that i

12、t would be (27) to plan activities in which there are more winners than los ers, (28) , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can pro vide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for p

13、ractice in successful (31) dynam ics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the back ground.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) at tentio

14、n spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain ac tive as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with out letting the other participants down.（分数：15.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.adviceA.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enha

15、nceA.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisureA.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.BecauseA.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.toleranceA.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassedA.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wiseA.in effectB.as a resultC.for exampleD.in a senseA.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchangingA.durableB.excessiveC.

16、surplusD.multipleA.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporationA.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.securityA.particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarelyA.similarB.longC.differentD.shortA.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if三、Section Reading Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)1 What are those of us who have chosen careers in s

17、cience and engineering able to do about our current problems?First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people.Second, we can ident

18、ify the many areas in which science and technology, more con siderably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our envi ronment will be improved only through better knowledge and

19、better application of that knowledge.Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly

20、. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhap py that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our fail ures which now cause

21、our distress.Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better me

22、dical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, con servation resources, and many other areas.（分数：5.00）(1).The author thinks that science and technology_.（分数：1.00）A.have caused the current world problemsB.have made life better for more peopleC.will, if not in the past, better peoples life in

23、 the futureD.can not bring a better life for most people(2).According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important to_.（分数：1.00）A.call on the public to actionB.pass related lawC.eliminate the destructive effect of science and technologyD.use better knowledge of science and t

24、echnology(3).We are not satisfied because_.（分数：1.00）A.science and technology have created many social problemsB.science and technology have brought about many environmental disastersC.science and technology have made us more distressedD.we expect too much of science and technology at present(4).The

25、author believes that our current problems can be better solved by_.（分数：1.00）A.social, political, and economic meansB.advances in science and technologyC.effective law-makingD.both A and B(5).The author points out that_.（分数：1.00）A.attention should be given to some areas of science and technology to b

26、etter peopleslifeB.we should not expect science and technology to improve living conditions for all thepeopleC.social political and economical means should not interfere with the advances in science and technologyD.we should not use science and technology to achieve material goals2 Thirty-two people

27、 watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their win dows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the po lice. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about ones fellow man?“Not so,“ say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyo

28、nd the headlines to probe the reasons why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk, is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is

29、he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes,“ Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel per

30、sonal ly responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person wont get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested. “ Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The r

31、eceptionist started them off on the “tests. “ Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room“ and the room into which she went.Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out

32、of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of the ten helped. Of the students in group, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct r

33、esponsibility.Are people bothered by situation where people are in trouble? Yes, scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt that other persons trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of thos

34、e they were with.（分数：5.00）(1).The purpose of the passage is_.（分数：1.00）A.to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB.to explain when people will act in emergenciesC.to explain what people will do in emergenciesD.to explain how people feel in emergencies(2).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数

35、：1.00）A.When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B.When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth hishelp.C.A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D.A person with a he

36、art attack needs the most.(3).The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when_.（分数：1.00）A.they are in pairsB.they are in groupsC.they are aloneD.they are with their friends(4).The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that_.（分数：1

37、.00）A.they are afraid of emergenciesB.they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC.others will act if fhey themselves hesitateD.they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help(5).The author suggests that_.（分数：1.00）A.we shouldnt blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB.a

38、 person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC.people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD.when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway3The rise of “temp“ work has further magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase ou

39、t full-time employees and hire tem- porary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay1520 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see7 or8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corpo- rate chain, s

40、uch as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other peoples labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee when theyre finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work wi

41、th temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thinga full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her.

42、To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new form of servitude from which the workers cannot break free.Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bi

43、gger workloads, work lon ger hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capital ist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesnt seep in, bitterness, an

44、ger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of pri orities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, distempered, over worked, mentally and physically

45、ill and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really “love,“ because they are forced to make profits for the capitalists in power.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporationshiring temporary wor

46、kers and phasing out full-time employees?（分数：1.00）A.Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary workers.B.Temp workers are generally well-trained and can achieve high efficiency.C.Corporations can reduce their production cost by employing temp workers.D.Corporations can benefit a great d

47、eal from keeping a small full-time work forc(2).According to the first paragraph, which statement is true?（分数：1.00）A.Temp workers seem to be satisfied with their conditions.B.Temp agencies have made it possible for temp workers.C.Temp workers are fairly paid by their agencies.D.Its difficult for tem

48、p workers to be employed as full-time workers.(3).The main purpose of the last paragraph is to_.（分数：1.00）A.show how much the capitalist bosses distrust temp workersB.reveal that temp workers are living in miseryC.arouse readers hatred for the capitalistsD.severely criticize the ignorance of the temp

49、 workers(4).The authors attitude toward the temp workers can be described as_.（分数：1.00）A.amicableB.depressedC.sympatheticD.hostile(5).The word “liabilities“ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：1.00）A.risks in hiring temp workersB.duties distributed to workersC.responsibilities shared by temp workersD.considerations offered to temp workers4 Once upon a time, innovation at Procter & Gambl