【考研类试卷】考博英语-32及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-32 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and ma

2、rk your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is a two-fold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and ne

3、w facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever increasing optimism about the future of economic growth. Much capital is invested in machinery or “heavy“ industry. More labor is employed. More raw

4、materials are required. As one part of the economy develops, other parts are affected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass, and rubber industries. Roads are required. Thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulated. Demand for labor and m

5、aterials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and ris

6、e without an apparent end. However, a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase.（分数：5.00）(1).We may assume that in the next paragraph the writer will discuss _.（分数：1.00）A.cyclical industriesB.the status of the farmerC.the higher cos

7、t of livingD.the recession period(2).The title below that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.The Business CycleB.The Recovery StageC.An Expanding SocietyD.The Period of Good Times(3).Prosperity in one industry _.（分数：1.00）A.reflects itself in many other industriesB.will spir

8、al upwardsC.will affect the steel industryD.will end abruptly(4).Which of the following industries will probably be a good indicator of a period of expansion?（分数：1.00）A.ToysB.Machine toolsC.FoodstuffsD.Cosmetics(5).During the period of prosperity, people regard the future _.（分数：1.00）A.cautiouslyB.in

9、 a confident mannerC.opportunelyD.indifferentlyYeats was beginning to use a vocabulary freshly minted from the treasury of Gaelic literature, and many of the shorter poems in The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics (1892) deal with a mythology Ireland had well nigh forgotten and England

10、 never known. For Arthur and his Round Table Yeats substituted the very different Conchubar and his Red Branch Warriors, and Finn and his Fenians. The Red Branch cycle of legends included Fergus, whom Ness had tricked out of his kingdom so that her son Conchubar could rule over Ulster in his stead,

11、and in Fergus and the Druid Yeats makes him avid for dreaming wisdom. Fergus was the unwitting agent of the doom of the Sons of Usna, Naoise the lover of Deirdre and his brothers Ardan and Ainle, who had accompanied the lovers to Scotland when they fled from Conchubars wrath, for Deirdre was Conchub

12、ars intended bride. Fergus had persuaded them to return against the wishes of Deirdre and had been tricked out of acting as their safe conduct. He joined with Maeve, Queen of Connaught, after this, in her raid on Ulster, in which Cuchulain achieved his great fame as Ulsters champion. Cuchulain is th

13、e Achilles of the Irish Saga, and he appears throughout Yeatss plays and poems, as warrior, as husband of Emer, as lover of Eithne Inguba, and of Aoife, as the unknowing killer of his own son and finally as victim of the sea.（分数：5.00）(1).Yeats differed from other poets in that he used _.（分数：1.00）A.G

14、reek mythologyB.the Arthurian legendC.Gaelic allusionsD.the story of Fergus and Conchubar(2).Fergus _.（分数：1.00）A.was deposed by CuchulainB.was king of UlsterC.had unwittingly slain UsnaD.married the Queen of Connaught(3).Naoise earned the wrath of Conchubar because he _.（分数：1.00）A.had fled to Scotla

15、ndB.was the son of UsnaC.loved DeirdreD.had befriended Fergus(4).Cuchulain is called the “Achilles of the Irish Saga“ because _.（分数：1.00）A.he is the great warrior of the sagaB.like Achilles, he was vulnerable and died of an ankle woundC.Achilles dominated the OdysseyD.he appears in many of Yeats pla

16、ys and poems(5).Ness was _.（分数：1.00）A.the brother of ArdanB.the mother of ConchubarC.the killer of his sonD.a victim of the seaThe beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and behavior of its population, inconsistencies that were reflected

17、by population, inconsistencies that were reflected by its spokesmen, who took conflicting stances in many areas, but on the subject of race, the conflicts were particularly vivid. The idea that the Caucasian race and European civilization were superior was well entrenched in the culture of the colon

18、ists at the very time that the “egalitarian“ republic was founded. Voluminous historical evidence indicates that, in the mind of the average colonist, the African was a heathen, he was black, and he was different in crucial philosophical ways. As time progressed, he was also increasingly captive, ad

19、ding to the conception of deviance. The African, therefore, could be justifiaby (and even philanthropically) treated as property according to the reasoning of slavetraders and slaveholders.Although slaves were treated as objects, bountiful evidence suggests that they did not view themselves similarl

20、y. There are many published autobiographies of slaves. AfricanAmerican scholars are beginning to know enough about West African culture to appreciate the existential climate in which the early captives were raised and which therefore could not be totally destroyed by the enslavement experience. This

21、 was a climate that defined individuality in collective terms. Individuals were members of a tribe, within which they had prescribed roles determined by the history of their family within the tribe. Individuals were inherently a part of the natural elements on which they depended, and they were acti

22、vely related to those tribal members who once lived and to those not yet born.The colonial plantation system which was established and into which Africans were thrust did virtually eliminate tribal affiliations. Individuals were separated from kin. Interrelationships among kin kept together were oft

23、en transient because of sales. A new identification with those slaves working and living together in a given place could satisfy what was undoubtedly a natural tendency to be a member of a group. New family units became the most important attachments of individual slaves. Thus, as the system of slav

24、ery was gradually institutionalized, West African affiliation tendencies adapted to it.This exceedingly complex dual influence is still reflected in black community life, and the double consciousness of black Americans is the major characteristic of African-American mentality. Du Bois articulated th

25、is divided consciousness as follows.The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife-this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging, he wishes neither of the older selves to be best.Several black political movement

26、s have looked upon this duality as destructively conflictual and have variously urged its reconciliation. Thus, the integrationists and the black nationalists, to be crudely general, have both been concerned with resolving the conflict, but in opposite directions.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following

27、would be the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The History of Black People in the United States.B.West African Tribal Relations.C.The Origin of Modern African-American Consciousness.D.Slavery: A Democratic Anomaly.(2).Which of the following can be inferred about the viewpoint express

28、ed in the second paragraph of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.It is a reinterpretation of slave life based on new research done by African-American scholars.B.It is based entirely on recently published descriptions of slave life written by slaves themselves.C.It is biased and overly sympathetic to the views

29、of white, colonial slaveholders.D.It is highly speculative and supported by little actual historical evidence.(3).The author puts the word “egalitarian“ in quotation marks (in paragraph 1) to _.（分数：1.00）A.emphasize his admiration for the early AmericansB.ridicule the idea of democracyC.remind the re

30、ader of the principles of the new nationD.underscore the fact that equality did not extend to everyone(4).The tone of the passage could best be described as _.（分数：1.00）A.informed and anecdotalB.critical and argumentativeC.impassioned and angryD.analytical and objective(5).It can be inferred that whi

31、ch of the following pairs are the two elements of the “dual influence“ mentioned at the beginning of the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Slavery and West African culture.B.Tribal affiliations in West Africa and family affiliations in West Africa.C.A sense of individuality and a sense of tribal identificat

32、ion.D.The history of West Africa and modern black political movements.In the summer of 999, Leif Erikson voyaged to Norway and spent the following winter with King Olaf Tryggvason. Substantially the same account is given by both the Saga of Eric the Red and the Flat Island Book. The latter says noth

33、ing about Leifs return voyage to Greenland, but according to the former it was during this return voyage that Leif discovered America. The Flat Island Book, however, tells of another and earlier landfall by Biarni, the son of a prominent man named Heriulf, and makes that the inspiration for the voya

34、ge to the new land by Leif. In brief, like Leif, Biarni and his companion sight three countries in succession before reaching Greenland, and to come upon each new land takes 1 “doegr“ more than the last until Biarni comes to land directly in front of his fathers house in the lastmentioned country.Th

35、is narrative has been rejected by most later writers, and they may be justified. Possibly, Biarni was a companion of Leif when he voyaged from Norway to Greenland via America, or it may be that the entire tale is but a garbled account of that voyage and Biarni another name for Leif. It should be not

36、ed, however, that the stories of Leifs visit to King Olaf and Biarnis to that kings predecessor are in the same narrative in the Flat Island Book, so there is less likelihood of duplication than if they were from different sources. Also, Biarni landed on none of the lands he passed, but Leif apparen

37、tly landed on one, for he brought back specimens of wheat, vines, and timber. Nor is there any good reason to believe that the first land visited by Biarni was Wineland. The first land was “level and covered with woods“, and “there were small hillocks upon it“. Of forests, later writers do not empha

38、size them particularly in connection with Wineland, though they are often noted incidentally. And of hills, the Saga says of Wineland only that “wherever there was hilly ground, there were vines“.Additionally, if the two narratives were taken from the same source we should expect a closer resemblanc

39、e of Helluland. The Saga says of it. “They found there hellus (large flat stones).“ According to the Biarni narrative, however, “this land was high and mountainous.“ The intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 “doegr“ in both narratives are suggestive, but mythic formulas of this kind may be introduced into nar

40、ratives without altogether destroying their historicity. It is also held against the Biarni narrative that its hero is made to come upon the coast of Greenland exactly in front of his fathers home. But it should be recalled that Heriufsness lay below two high mountains which served as landmarks for

41、navigators.I would give up Biarni more readily were it not that the story of Leifs voyage contained in the supposedly more reliable Saga is almost as amazing. But Leifs voyage across the entire width of the North Atlantic is said to be “probable“ because it is incorporated into the narrative of a pr

42、eferred authority, while Biarnis is “improbable“ or even “impossible“ because the document containing it has been condemned.（分数：5.00）(1).The authors primary concern is to demonstrate that _.（分数：1.00）A.Leif Erikson did not visit AmericaB.Biarni might have visited America before Leif EriksonC.Biarni d

43、id not visit WinelandD.Leif Erikson visited Wineland first(2).The author mentions the two high mountains in order to show that it is _.（分数：1.00）A.reasonable for Biarni to land precisely at his fathers homeB.possible to sail from Norway to Greenland without modern navigational equipmentC.likely that

44、Biarni landed on America at least 100 years before Leif EriksonD.probable that Leif Erikson followed the same course as Biarni(3).All of the following are mentioned as similarities between Leif Eriksons voyage and Biarnis voyage EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.both visited NorwayB.both returned to GreenlandC.bo

45、th visited WinelandD.both visited Helluland(4).It can be inferred that the author regards the historicity of the Biarni narrative as _.（分数：1.00）A.conclusively provedB.almost conclusively provedC.possibly trueD.highly unlikely(5).It can be concluded that _.（分数：1.00）A.documents in Saga may not be depe

46、ndableB.condemned records should not be usedC.authorized narratives are to be favoredD.official files should be most preferred二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.Before 1500 North America was inhabited by more than 300 cultural groups, each with different customs, social structures, world views, and

47、languages. Such diversity _ the existence of a single Native American culture.（分数：0.50）A.complementsB.impliesC.reiteratesD.argues against2.Suspicious of too powerful a President, Americans nonetheless are _ when a President does not act decisively.（分数：0.50）A.unifiedB.indifferentC.contentD.uneasy3.Be

48、cause time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more _ aspects of a thing.（分数：0.50）A.paradoxicalB.prevalentC.temporalD.stable4.Although Ms. Brown found some of her duties to be _, her supervision of fort

49、y workers was a considerable responsibility.（分数：0.50）A.ambiguousB.provisionalC.menialD.unique5.Even though six players had been injured, the coach announced to the assembled reporters that the team would _ the championship.（分数：0.50）A.ignoreB.winC.overcomeD.refuse6.For many young people during the Roaring Twenties, a disgust with the excesses of American culture _ a wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad.（分数：0.50）A.overwhemedB.reflectedC.combined w