【考研类试卷】考博英语-361及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-361 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The doctors _ is that shell soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.（分数：1.00）A.agnosticismB.anticipationC.diagnosisD.prognosis2.The child is _ all the evidence for his

2、opinion.（分数：1.00）A.not encouraged either to be critical or to examineB.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine3.He could hardly _ his temper when he saw the state of his office.（分数：1.00）A.hold i

3、nB.hold upC.hold offD.hold out4.Hydrocarbons, _ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.（分数：1.00）A.are given offB.give offC.they are given offD.given off5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so

4、_ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.（分数：1.00）A.vociferouslyB.patrioticallyC.verboselyD.loquaciously6.The statesman was evidently _ by the journalists questions and glared at him for a few seconds.（分数：1.00）A.put downB.put outC.put acrossD.put away7._ to tell us

5、that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?（分数：1.00）A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used8.Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will _ worry about being late.（分数：1.00）A.rule offB.preventC.avoidD.obviate9.To be sure, there wo

6、uld be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children _ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.（分数：1.00）A.would have been expected to have consideredB.were expected to considerC.will be expected to have been consideredD.were expected to have considered10.It is _ unders

7、tood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his hearing will remain forever unspoken.（分数：1.00）A.uncommunicativelyB.acceptablyC.tacitlyD.taciturnly11.All normal human beings are _ at least to a degree -they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging

8、in group activities.（分数：1.00）A.segregatedB.congregationalC.gregariousD.egregious12.Too much _ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.（分数：1.00）A.retrospectB.introspectionC.perspicacityD.perspicuity13.

9、Whenever work is being done, energy _ from one form into another.（分数：1.00）A.convertsB.convertedC.is convertedD.is being converted14.He is _ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.（分数：1.00）A.an inveterateB.an incorrigibleC.a chronicD.an u

10、nconscionable15.The detective watched and saw the suspect _ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into16._, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.（分数：

11、1.00）A.As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC.The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light17.I would have gone to the lecture with you _ I was so busy.（分数：1.00）A.ex

12、cept thatB.provided thatC.but that D, only that18.People suffering from _ prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken in large public buildings and open fields.（分数：1.00）A.acrophobiaB.agoraphobiaC.claustrophobiaD.xenophobia19.We listened dumb-struck, full of _ to the shocking details

13、 of the corruption of the ex-president of the company.（分数：1.00）A.incredulityB.ingenuityC.ingenuousnessD.incredibility20._ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.（分数：1.00）A.A complimentB.An adulatoryC.Flatter

14、yD.Praise三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice based upon current medical k

15、nowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink e

16、xcessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make much personal decision is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative t

17、o health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of hea

18、lth-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In di

19、scussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the qual

20、ity and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.（分数：10.00）(1).The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because _.（分数：2.00）A.personal health choices help cure m

21、ost illnessesB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could lead to poor health(2).To “live a completely sedentary life-style“ (Line 8, Paragraph 1 ) in the passage means _.（分数：2.00）A.to “live an inactive life“B.to

22、“live a decent life“C.to “live a life with complete freedom“D.to “live a life of vice“(3).Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.（分数：2.00）A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade th

23、e quality of life for the quantity of lifeD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends(4).To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to _.（分数：2.00）A.improving the quality of ones lifeB.limiting ones personal health choiceC.deliberately en

24、ding ones lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior(5).According to Fries and Crapo sound health choice should be based on _.（分数：2.00）A.personal decisionsB.societys lawsC.statistical evidenceD.friends opinions五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal edu

25、cation in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for econo

26、mic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of fo

27、rmal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of stude

28、nts, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should su

29、it the needs of specific population. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from

30、 paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was _.（分数：2.00）A.the growing number of schools in frontier communitiesB.an increase in the number of trained teachersC.the expanding economic problems of schoolsD.the increased urbanization of the e

31、ntire country(2).The phrase“ coincided with“ in line 8 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.was influenced byB.happened at the same time asC.began to grow rapidlyD.ensured the success of(3).According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920s was that _.（分数：2.00）A.

32、most places required children to attend schoolB.the amount of time spent on formal education was limitedC.new regulations were imposed on nontraditional educationD.adults and children studied in the same classes(4).Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in lines 1112 to illust

33、rate _.（分数：2.00）A.alternatives to formal education provided by public schoolsB.the importance of education changesC.activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programsD.the increased impact of public schools on students(5).According to the passage, early-twentieth-century education

34、reformers believed that _.（分数：2.00）A.different groups needed different kinds of educationB.special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize themC.corporations and other organizations damaged educational progressD.more women should be involved in education and industry六、Passage

35、Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the early clays of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no gov

36、ernment salary and their entire compensation on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like t

37、o prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens look

38、ing for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semilegal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between

39、Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the

40、post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10000 people to be eligib

41、le for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage mainly

42、discus?（分数：2.00）A.The increased use of private mail services.B.The development of a government postal system.C.A comparison of urban and rural postal services.D.The history of postage stamps.(2).The word “varied“ in line 2 could best be replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.increasedB.differedC.returnedD.started

43、(3).Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?（分数：2.00）A.It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.B.It increased the cost of mail delivery.C.It was difficult to affix to letters.D.It was easy to counterfeit.(4).The private postal services of the nineteenth century

44、 claimed that they could do which of the following better than the government ?（分数：2.00）A.Deliver a higher volume of mail.B.Deliver mail more cheaply.C.Deliver mail faster.D.Deliver mail to rural areas.(5).In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?（

45、分数：2.00）A.A salary.B.Housing.C.Transportation.D.Free postage stamps.七、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For (36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain (37) : a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to o

46、ppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the terrible consequences of war stopped (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the allies hit those wavebattered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat (39) to be repeated.There will nev

47、er be (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have (41) . All-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a futu

48、re world war would allow time for the massive buildup of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put teas of millions of American lives at. (43) . And the possible benefits for the allie

49、s would be uncertain at best.European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to “trade Pittsburgh for Dusseldorf“. In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth (44) American cities to avenge a Europe already (45) to rubble.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_