【考研类试卷】考博英语-432及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-432 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)11.The author tells us that（分数：2.00）A.whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purposeB.neither type is superiorC.forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with soli

2、d fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were madeD.the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direction of the pump2.Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _.（分数：2.00）A.sizeB.fuelC.constructionD.complicated engines3.The most important consideration for manned space flight is t

3、hat the rocket be _.（分数：2.00）A.inexpensive to constructB.capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbitC.easily controlledD.inexpensive to operate4.Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets?（分数：2.00）A.The fuel is cheap.B.They are cheap to build.C.They can be stop

4、ped and re-ignited.D.They must be used soon after fuelin5.The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that _.（分数：2.00）A.neither type is very economicalB.the liquid-fuel rocket is bestC.each type has certain advantagesD.the solid-fuel rocket is hest26.Which of the follow

5、ing is the best description of ray tracing?（分数：2.00）A.The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling in areas of light and shadow.B.Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer and a dot of color is placed where the line intersects with one of the points of altitude in the machines memory.C.X-r

6、ays are used to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees.D.The exact movement of rays is used by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate missing persons.7.As used in the first paragraph, terrain most clearly means _.（分数：2.00）A.available information about the weatherB.sur

7、rounding land areaC.blank spaces between the mountain rangesD.amount of forest per square mile8.The information used by the computer to make its detailed maps _. was gathered by the Defense Department and the U. S. Geological Survey. shows points roughly 200 feet apart. involves altitude measurement

8、s（分数：2.00）A.B. and C. and D., and 9.Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain _.（分数：2.00）A.has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtainedB.would be impossible to convert to data that a computer would acceptC.might lead to new applications and improve effectiv

9、eness of present usesD.would make ray tracing obsolete10.Livermores computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting _.（分数：2.00）A.the path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant explosionB.where incoming nuclear missiles might strikeC.the average annual rainfall fo

10、r North DakotaD.the amount of pollution in the air311.What is the authors attitude towards doctors?（分数：2.00）A.sarcasticB.praisingC.objectiveD.appreciative12.Doctors think that lying to their patients is _.（分数：2.00）A.a medical traditionB.to harm their own integrityC.to defend medicineD.uttering the t

11、ruth for truths sake13.Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may _.（分数：2.00）A.slow down recoveryB.lead to suicide in some casesC.be too hard for them to acceptD.help deal with illness14.Who are most likely to lie for serving purposes?（分数：2.00）A.physiciansB.surgeonsC.psychiat

12、ristsD.lawyers15.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Doctors are often in a dilemma as to tell the patient his real condition of health.B.Doctors reluctance to tell patient truth has no real support in reality.C.Doctors lies are different from that of law

13、yers and government officials.D.Doctors and patients hold different views about telling trut416.According to the passage, China is in a population dilemma in the sense that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is difficult to carry out the family-planning policyB.Chinese population will continue to increase rapidly in t

14、he near futureC.birth-rate decreases but the percentage of old people increasesD.more old people survive in the society17.According to the passage, all of the following are the causes for the population explosion in China except _.（分数：2.00）A.better lifeB.decreased death rateC.better educationD.bette

15、r health18.All of the following can be inferred form the passage except that _.（分数：2.00）A.many developed nations suffer from the problem of a rapidly aging populationB.the family-planning policy meets more difficulty in the countryside than in citiesC.the increasing number of aged people is a result

16、 of the reduced birth-rateD.in the year of 2010 each child will have to look after one parent19.To punish those who violate the family-planning policy the Chinese government does which of the following7（分数：2.00）A.Put them into prison.B.Fine those couples.C.Reduce their wages.D.Advise them to observe

17、 the rul20.The primary purpose of this passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.predict the population problem in ChinaB.explain why the family-planning policy is adopted in ChinaC.illustrate the result of family-planning policyD.demonstrate the cause and effect of the family-planning policy521.It can be conclude

18、d from the passage that the spirit of the progressive movement is the spirit _.（分数：2.00）A.to end political corruptionB.to minimize social and economic disorderC.to promote free competitionD.to reform all the social evils and problems22.It can be inferred from the passage that progressives believed t

19、hat _.（分数：2.00）A.the rate of industrial development should be reducedB.rapid growth of cities resulted mainly from the massive immigrationC.human beings are able to do anything wellD.government tended to protect the businesses rather than the masses23.The author believed that the remedy-for the soci

20、al problems is _.（分数：2.00）A.to stop the use of powerB.to establish more schools and medical clinicsC.to depend on government to make reformsD.to minimize the conflict between the labor and capital24.All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the American society before the 1890s exc

21、ept that _.（分数：2.00）A.there was little equal opportunity for general AmericansB.industry developed very rapidlyC.thousands of people immigrated to the United StatesD.economic depression did great harm to its development25.The passage is primarily concerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.the reasons for the Progr

22、essive MovementB.the problems that American society faced between the 1890s and the end of World War IC.the causes and contents of the Progressive reformD.the belief that Americans possessed in their society八、Part Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Part A Translation(总题数：2，分数：20.00)26.Every human society h

23、as its own particular culture, or sociocultural system, which overlaps to some extent with other systems. Variation among sociocultural systems is attributable to physical habitats and resources; to the range of possibilities inherent in various areas of activity, such as language, rituals and custo

24、ms, and the manufacture and use of tools, and to the degree of social development. Adaptation and change take place within and among cultures by means of ecological and environmental changes.（分数：10.00）_27.The information in many databases consists of natural-language texts of documents. Information

25、is retrieved from these computerized records based on the presence in them of words or short phrases that are identical to those posed in the users query. In a typical query, the user provides a sequence of characters, such as the title of a journal or the name of a subject area, and the computer se

26、arches in the database for a corresponding sequence of characters and provides the source materials in which those characters appear. Queries are the principal means by which users retrieve database information.（分数：10.00）_十、Part B Translation(总题数：1，分数：10.00)28.摩天大搂、高速公路、小轿车和市场上品种繁多的家用电器，这一切都说明中国自 19

27、78 年实行改革开放以来经历了深刻的变化。这是人们能够亲眼看见的变化。然而，在人们物质生活变化的背后，还有其他一些可能是具有更重要意义的变化。社会学家们发现，随着人们生活水平的提高，传统的生活方式和观念也慢慢地发生了变化。社会学家们一直在关注这些变化，从家庭结构的演变到妇女社会地位的变化，从人们对婚姻的态度到消费观念的转变，还有收入水平的两极分化等，这些都成为社会学家们研究的课题。（分数：10.00）_十一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)29.During the 20th century Europe has experienced periods of consi

28、derable economic growth and prosperity, and industrial development has proliferated much more widely throughout the continent: but continued economic development in Europe has been handicapped to a large degree by its multi- national character-which has spawned economic rivalries among states and tw

29、o devastating World wars-as well as by the exhaustion of many of its resources and by increased economic, competition from overseas. Governmental protectionism, which has tended to restrict the potential market for a product to a single country, has deprived many industrial concerns of the efficienc

30、ies of large-scale production serving a mass market ( such as is found in the United States). In addition, enterprise efficiency has suffered from government support and from a lack of competition within a national market area. Within individual countries there have been growing tensions between reg

31、ions that have prospered and those that have not. This core-periphery problem has been particularly acute in situations where the contrasting regions are inhabited by different ethnic groups.（分数：20.00）_考博英语-432 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分

32、数：0.00)11.The author tells us that（分数：2.00）A.whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purpose B.neither type is superiorC.forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were madeD.the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the dir

33、ection of the pump解析：文中作者首先提到一些外行的问题，两种火箭哪个更好，作者认为两者 have their own advantages，随后列举了在 military 和 manned space flight 方面各自的用途，可以判断作者想告诉人们两种火箭的优劣在于其用途，选项 A 正确。2.Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _.（分数：2.00）A.sizeB.fuel C.constructionD.complicated engines解析：文中提到相比之下，液体燃料驱动的火箭

34、造价更高，但 the solid fuel，pound per pound；costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel，可以判断固体燃料驱动火箭昂贵之处在于其燃料。3.The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocket be _.（分数：2.00）A.inexpensive to constructB.capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbitC.easily controlled D.inex

35、pensive to operate解析：文中提到 manned space flight needs the fine adjustments only be provided by liquid fuels，而前文讲了液体燃料火箭 rocket engine can be stopped completely：it can be re-ignited when desired，可以判断 manned space flight 对火箭最重要的要求是易于操控，选项 C 正确。4.Which of the following statements is not characteristic of

36、 liquid-fuel rockets?（分数：2.00）A.The fuel is cheap.B.They are cheap to build. C.They can be stopped and re-ignited.D.They must be used soon after fuelin解析：文中指出 a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device，选项 B 说其造价低，与文意不符。5.The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that

37、 _.（分数：2.00）A.neither type is very economicalB.the liquid-fuel rocket is bestC.each type has certain advantages D.the solid-fuel rocket is hest解析：文中提到一些外行可能会问，相较而言 liquid and solid-fuel rockets 哪个更好，作者对此问题的看法是 The question is meaningless，接着在文中分别阐述了两种类型火箭各自的优缺点，可以判断选项 C 符合。26.Which of the following i

38、s the best description of ray tracing?（分数：2.00）A.The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling in areas of light and shadow.B.Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer and a dot of color is placed where the line intersects with one of the points of altitude in the machines memory. C.X-rays

39、are used to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees.D.The exact movement of rays is used by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate missing persons.解析：第四段讲述了 ray tracing 的工作过程 traces an imaginary ray“intersects” withrecorded in the machines memory，选项 B 表述与原文意思一致。7.As us

40、ed in the first paragraph, terrain most clearly means _.（分数：2.00）A.available information about the weatherB.surrounding land area C.blank spaces between the mountain rangesD.amount of forest per square mile解析：第一段在提到 terrain 之后紧接着对其进行解释 a mountain range or series of valleys，可以判断 terrain 指的是周遭的地形地势，选项

41、 B 正确。8.The information used by the computer to make its detailed maps _. was gathered by the Defense Department and the U. S. Geological Survey. shows points roughly 200 feet apart. involves altitude measurements（分数：2.00）A.B. and C. and D., and 解析：第三段说 the computer map 的 database 包括 altitude measur

42、ements，而这些资料又是由 the Defense Department and the U.SGeological Survey 搜集的，后文又提到 a grid of points 200 feet apart，选项 D 正确。9.Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain _.（分数：2.00）A.has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtainedB.would be impossible to convert to da

43、ta that a computer would acceptC.might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness of present uses D.would make ray tracing obsolete解析：最后一段 Weidhaas 提出想在地图上增加 cities，vegetation，and road 是为了使图像尽量逼真make our advice more effective，这也可能 lead to uses we havent thought of yet，选项 C 正确。10.Livermores c

44、omputer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting _.（分数：2.00）A.the path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant explosion B.where incoming nuclear missiles might strikeC.the average annual rainfall for North DakotaD.the amount of pollution in the air解析：第二段提到科学家把美国地形缩略

45、图放在电脑上，是为了 predict how toxic gases might spread，选项 A 符合文意。311.What is the authors attitude towards doctors?（分数：2.00）A.sarcastic B.praisingC.objectiveD.appreciative解析：作者先叙述了一些医生们自己认为他们 lie for the patients own sake，而调查显示绝大多数病人希望了解真实病情，最后一段作者又讲了谎言的危害，可以看出作者对医生们是挖苦的态度。sarcastic 讽刺的，嘲笑的。praising 称颂，赞扬。o

46、bjective 客观的。appreciative 感激的，赞赏的。12.Doctors think that lying to their patients is _.（分数：2.00）A.a medical tradition B.to harm their own integrityC.to defend medicineD.uttering the truth for truths sake解析：文中第三段说到医生们认为 a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept“do no harm”，由此判断医生们认为

47、善意欺骗病人是医学传统。13.Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may _.（分数：2.00）A.slow down recoveryB.lead to suicide in some casesC.be too hard for them to acceptD.help deal with illness 解析：第四段说 an overwhelming majority of patients 希望了解真实病情，随后解释了原因是truthful information，humanely conveye

48、d，helps patients cope with illness，可以判断选项 D 正确。14.Who are most likely to lie for serving purposes?（分数：2.00）A.physiciansB.surgeonsC.psychiatristsD.lawyers 解析：第二段提到医生们 see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake，他们觉得自己的谎言 such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones，选项 A、B、C 均是与医生相关的职业，只有选项 D 可能说谎可能是 for serving purp