【考研类试卷】考博英语-440及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-440 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.She _ the words, not knowing what to say, how to put into plain speech her decision to finish their love.（分数：1.00）A.passed ontoB.stumbled overC.burst outD.dropped down2.The bishop preached a fa

2、rewell sermon to a _ that filled the church to over- flowing.（分数：1.00）A.processionB.reunionC.rallyD.congregation3.The idea was just beginning to _ in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that retailing companies were run.（分数：1.00）A.show upB.catch onC.open outD.get by4.The oil pric

3、e rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and _ inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 per cent in the spring of 1974.（分数：1.00）A.boostedB.harnessedC.staggeredD.embarked5.The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen _ government files.（分数：1.00）A.release fromB.excess ofC.redress o

4、fD.access to6.He did not tell his parents because he knew they would try to change his mind but he _ in a colleague at work.（分数：1.00）A.involvedB.joinedC.engrossedD.confided7.When a system is unjust to the _, abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands.（分数：1.00）A.endB.excessC.coreD.bot

5、tom8.Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allocation of resources either _ of being too old or too young.（分数：1.00）A.at the riskB.to the pointC.in the caseD.on the ground9.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at

6、his _ spirit and his unfailing good temper.（分数：1.00）A.variantB.gallantC.pertinentD.solitary10.Communication orally involves more than reading or talking: gesture, posture, movements may all be _ to it.（分数：1.00）A.intrinsicB.coherentC.appealingD.submissive11.But, in our enthusiasm to discover our heri

7、tage, we are mining the very scenery we go to enjoy, damaging natural habitats, _ down footpaths, disturbing wild- life, polluting the air and dropping litter.（分数：1.00）A.wearingB.treadingC.fallingD.cutting12.Now, dont tell anyone else what Ive just told you. Remember, Its _.（分数：1.00）A.controversialB

8、secretiveC.confidentialD.sacred13.Without Bobs testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and _ in the case will be impossible.（分数：1.00）A.verdictB.sentenceC.convictionD.acquittal14.The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were _.（分数：1.00）A.illegibleB.indelibleC.illegitimateD.inscrutabl

9、e15.Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about, but even relatively small alterations can make _ to the visual comfort of pupils with sight defects.（分数：1.00）A.a differenceB.an interferenceC.a modificationD.an impact16.The Commission fo

10、und instances where police officers had lied under oath, _ evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.（分数：1.00）A.entailedB.fabricatedC.cleansedD.precluded17.Any person who is in _ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.（分数：1.00）A.jeop

11、ardyB.custodyC.suspicionD.probation18.The custom is _ in the belief that a new pregnancy-through its detrimental effect on breastfeeding-would endanger the mothers health.（分数：1.00）A.celebratedB.observedC.viewedD.presented19.Did he really expect her to smile now and _ with his plans, treat all this d

12、eception as no more than an unusual diversion?（分数：1.00）A.fall inB.put offC.agree toD.stand up20.In no _ should you do this without help and advice from your doctor-restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.（分数：1.00）A.perspectivesB.restrictionsC.circumstancesD.consequences三、Part Cl

13、oze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions, (41) North America, our picture suggests that the share

14、of traffic (42) supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we (43) the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these (44) in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting.

15、In all regions, the share of lowspeed mil transport will probably continue its strongly (45) decline.We expect that throughout the period 19902050, the (46) North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time (47) to automobile travel. The very large demand (48) air travel

16、 (or high-speed mil travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (49) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel (50) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist (51) the primary form of motorized tra

17、nsportation in developing countries for decades. (52) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and (53) lowspeed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (54) of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time

18、on the (55) .（分数：15.00）A.franklyB.exceptionallyC.unfortunatelyD.notablyA.volumeB.bodyC.measureD.fundsA.admireB.assureC.assertD.anticipateA.outcomesB.trendsC.declinesD.impactsA.inherentB.evidentC.large-scaleD.hiddenA.generalB.commonC.localD.averageA.profitB.costC.budgetD.facilityA.inB.ofC.atD.forA.wo

19、rks outB.leaves outC.runs outD.puts outA.timeB.desireC.agencyD.meansA.toB.asC.withD.overA.Despite the factB.Whatever it isC.No matter howD.Whether or notA.plusB.includingC.evenD.as well asA.FewB.AllC.NoneD.SomeA.mountainB.groundC.skyD.land四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：3.00)

20、Can animals have a sense of humor? Sally Blanchard, publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report, thinks a pet parrot may have pulled her leg. Thats one explanation for the time her African gray parrot, named Bongo Marie, seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot nam

21、ed Paco.It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner. As Blanchard lifted her knife, the African gray threw back its head and said, “Oh, no! Paco!“ Trying not to laugh, Blanchard said, “Thats not Paco,“ and showed Bongo Marie that the Amazon was alive and well. Mimicking

22、 a disappointed tone, Bongo Marie said, “Oh, no,“ and launched into a hoarse laugh.Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the other bird was a goner? Did Bongo Marie comprehend Blanchards response? Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of words-for example

23、 that red refers to a color, not just a particular red object. Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans, and so, whether or not Bongo Maries crocodile tears were intentional, the episode was thoroughly satisfying from the parrots point of view.（分数：3.00）(1).When Blanchard was making Corni

24、sh game hen for dinner, Bongo Marie acted as if Paco was _.（分数：1.00）A.gone and couldnt eat the mealB.dead and being cut for the mealC.deadly ill and discarded by the hostessD.away and should be back to join them(2).Why did Sally Blanchard believe Bongo Marie made a joke that day?（分数：1.00）A.It showed

25、 sadness and deceived her.B.It shed crocodile tears intentionally.C.It pretended to understand her words.D.It burst into laughter after a distressed ton(3).In the last sentence, the clause “the episode was.point of view“ suggests that Bongo Marie was _.（分数：1.00）A.quite content with its own performan

26、ceB.believed to have a sense of humorC.trying to win its hosts favorD.successful, in getting a human response六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Dont call him just a college professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, advisor to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate.Henr

27、y Louis “Skip“ Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the academy. This week he sold Africana com, a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal werent revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $10 millio

28、n, with Gates reaping up to $1 million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into America Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a r

29、ich source of revenue.As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure professor, penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love. Now he cant be avoided. He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorke

30、r, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Steven Spielberg, Microsofts Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. “Theyre not intimate friends,“ he insists.Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. “He remains the go-to person on t

31、he state of African-American affairs,“ said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor.With fame comes controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not

32、being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. “Me? Critics? Oh, what a shock.“ But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W. E.B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. “Fifty years from now I want there to be

33、 at least 10 great centers of Afro-American studies,“ he says.If working as a consultant on Spielbergs historical film Amistad or giving A1 Gore advice helps, so be it.（分数：6.00）(1).What can we learn about Africana com?（分数：1.00）A.It may be financially mediocre to Time Warner.B.It is maintained by Gat

34、es for Time Warner.C.It becomes a sister website of America Online.D.It is meant for the U. S. general publi(2).What is true about Henry Louis “Skip“ Gates Jr. ?（分数：1.00）A.He is barely qualified to teach in Harvard.B.He is an American of African descent.C.History and education are his minors.D.Presi

35、dent Gore is among his friends.(3).In Paragraph 5, the phrase “have taken him to task for.“ most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.“have blamed him for a certain fault“B.“have made him pay for his mistake“C.“have had him do an assignment“D.“have trusted him with a certain job“(4).From Gatess mention of W.

36、 E. B. Du Bois and Malcolm X we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.Gates is reluctant to take the latter as his ancestorB.Gates regards the former as more successful than the latterC.Gates remains a follower of the former instead of the latterD.Gates claims to have a similar career to that of the former(5)

37、According to Henry Louis “Skip“ Gates Jr. himself, giving advice to A1 Gore is _.（分数：1.00）A.out of some academic concernB.for some financial purposesC.in the interest of Afro-AmericansD.of some political consequence(6).In this passage the author expresses a tone of _.（分数：1.00）A.admirationB.sarcasmC

38、objectivityD.disapproval七、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Forget football. At many high schools, the fiercest competition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive “pouring rights“ to sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout: Cokes machines will now also

39、stock water, juice, and other healthful options-even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other “noncommercial graphics“ instead of Cokes vivid red logo. “the pendulum needs to swing back“ on school-based marketing, said Dunn.Cokes about-face-particularly the call to end the

40、 exclusive deals that bottlers make with school districts-comes amid rising concern over kids health: American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-related diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered

41、 soda pop as a likely culprit. Communities-and legislators-are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Cola that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing report to congress last month, the U.

42、 S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards (the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify).Spare change? Activists hope Cokes capitulation will help curb commercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which

43、 broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other bran-name products in their word problems, to company-sponsored scoreboards on football fields, American pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Calif.-ba

44、sed Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Colas policy shift as a “partial victory“. Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the parent company can only urge them to back off. Moreover, Cokes machines will remain in place, although with healthier options.And dont expect teenage

45、rs to suddenly swear off the stuff-or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a.m. and stay as late as 11 oclock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland

46、 to refinish the gym floor, in- stall a new high-jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. “If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, Id consider it,“ says Boland. “But nobodys offering me any money./（分数：6.00）(1).“Forget football“ in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been _.（分数：1.

47、00）A.the fiercest competition at high schoolsB.thought to have ill impact on studentsC.competing with commercials on campusD.brought into disrepute by Coke and Pepsi(2).Last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, made an important decision to _.（分数：1.00）A.defend its red 10go on a still

48、larger scaleB.agree to negotiate with Pepsi over new termsC.modify its sales engineering at high schoolsD.give up its exclusive “pouring rights“ on campus(3).Coca-Cola is to take new action most probably because _.（分数：1.00）A.it will sacrifice itself for childrens healthB.it. will not get involved in

49、 some law suitsC.it is unable to beat so many opponentsD.it is reluctant to fall behind Pepsi company(4).Supporters of Coca-Cola would say that its new practice will _.（分数：1.00）A.set a moral example for other commercialism on campusB.stop any commercialism in school in the near futureC.help the business prevail over others in schoolD.gain a wide acclaim from all the students(5).The phrase “back