【考研类试卷】考博英语-45及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-45 及答案解析(总分：84.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Although the work needs to be done more exhaustively, efforts have been made to collect the songs and ballads of the American Revolution.（分数：1.00）A.preciselyB.selectivelyC.franticallyD.thoroughly2.One of the most provocative ideas

2、of modern physics was initiated by the British theorist P. Dirao.（分数：1.00）A.stimulatingB.popularC.enduringD.powerful3.In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.（分数：1.00）A.dominateB.reproduceC.rebuildD.invade4.The young girl showed wonderf

3、ul facility for learning languages.（分数：1.00）A.likingB.imaginationC.delightD.aptitude5.Modern nursing practices not only hasten the recovery of the sick but also promote better health through preventive medicine.（分数：1.00）A.permitB.accelerateC.determineD.accompany6.The story of Peter Pan is so fascina

4、ting that all the children like it.（分数：1.00）A.interestingB.adventurousC.entrancingD.extraordinary7.The report sets out strict inspection procedures to ensure that recommendations are properly implemented.（分数：1.00）A.made up ofB.carried outC.put into operationD.charged with8.The head of the navy heape

5、d scorn on both the methods and motives of the conspirators.（分数：1.00）A.admirationB.passionC.contemptD.offense9.There are still some outdated prejudices lurking in the minds of individuals.（分数：1.00）A.existingB.hidingC.remainingD.emerging10.In buying a suit, a difference of ten cents in price is negli

6、gible.（分数：1.00）A.negligentB.negotiableC.insignificantD.consequential二、BSection B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.She considered herself always in the right, and _ anybodys suggestion.（分数：1.00）A.skimpedB.sent downC.sneered atD.submitted to12.Agreement made by the President with other countries _ the approval of

7、 the Senate.（分数：1.00）A.is subjected toB.is subject toC.draws outD.substitute for13.Mr. Li is the present _ of the presidential chair of the company.（分数：1.00）A.transactionB.prescriptionC.professorD.incumbent14.The economy is showing signs of _.（分数：1.00）A.haltingB.overflowingC.outbreakingD.faltering15

8、.In that country the coins are so _ that one has to carry great quantities to make a single purchase.（分数：1.00）A.diminishedB.debasedC.degradedD.defaced16.Since you are so weak, you should take every _ precaution against catching cold.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.comparableC.distinctD.conceivable17.Richard Cr

9、amer was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his _ on the effects of war on individuals in the Middle East.（分数：1.00）A.commentaryB.communicationC.assertionD.declaration18.Their experiments show that the _ strain of wheat grows more quickly and is resistant to disease.（分数：1.00）A.newly plantedB.newly cultivat

10、edC.hybridD.imported19.He was present in his _ role of school manager, church warden and donor.（分数：1.00）A.dedicatedB.tripleC.providentialD.religious20.An explanation of an earthquake is a description of the chain of _ that produces it.（分数：1.00）A.causalityB.marginC.persistenceD.purpose三、BPart Cloze/(

11、总题数：1，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is toU (21) /Uand whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is

12、probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways ofU (22) /Uthe available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue toU (23) /Uemployment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other way

13、s for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditionsU (24) /Uwhich many of us can work for ourselves,U (25) /Ufor an employer?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken theU (26) /Uof jobs. The industrial age may now beU (27) /U

14、to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought.U (28) /U, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment as its history shows, has not meantU (29) /Ufreedom.Employment became wide

15、spreadU (30) /Uthe enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by deprivingU (31) /Uthem the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a livingU (32) /Uthemselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from the peoples

16、 homes.U (33) /U, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, U(34) /U, many peoples work lost all connectionU (35) /Utheir home lives and the places in which they lived.U (36) /U, employment put womenU (37) /Ua disadva

17、ntage. It became customary for the husband to go out toU (38) /Uemployment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come toU (39) /Usome effort and resources away from theU (40) /Ugoal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent

18、practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：20.00）A.be blamedB.have been blamedC.blameD.blamingA.sharingB.makingC.takingD.lookingA.makeB.treatC.findD.getA.onB.atC.toD.inA.thereforeB.rather thanC.asD.other thanA.sizeB.shapeC.formD.patternA.takingB.makingC.comingD.becomi

19、ngA.ButB.AndC.ThereforeD.ForA.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economicsA.duringB.sinceC.beforeD.whenA.forB.ofC.toD.untilA.forB.ofC.withD.toA.So thatB.After thatC.LaterD.SoA.actuallyB.naturallyC.correctlyD.eventuallyA.toB.withC.forD.ofA.MeanwhileB.Generally speakingC.ThereforeD.ActuallyA.intoB.inC.onD

20、.atA.payingB.paidC.payD.being paidA.makeB.takeC.switchD.getA.possibleB.impossibleC.practicalD.impractical.四、BPart Reading (总题数：2，分数：10.00)BSection A/BBDirections:/BEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choo

21、se the best answer to each question. Put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.BPassage One/BIt was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York. First, part of a building on West 140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartment

22、s and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and clothing. Then it was back downtown for that evenings big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “Thats why I have bad hair ton

23、ight,“ said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rain. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair didnt look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal

24、chandeliers.Definitely not having a had-hair night was Elizabeth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit (“Someone made i

25、t for me! I love velveti“ she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop earrings. Of course, she hadnt been standing in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-oclock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and

26、 a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evenings award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Asa Khan, and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would exp

27、ect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones.Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton

28、 china. American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers the New York Times Company; Union Bank of Switzerland; Chemical Bank; New York Life; . and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was

29、 a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (no models! no stars! ), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars.（分数：5.00）(1).From what we read we can infer that “it

30、was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York“ means its staff _.（分数：1.00）A.deal with the fail of houses in the city every dayB.are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every dayC.work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every dayD.go to Harlem, th

31、e poorest district of New York, every day and help people there(2).The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.Robert DoleB.Elizabeth DoteC.the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner DanceD.all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance(3).Christopher Peakes hair didnt loo

32、k so bad because _.（分数：1.00）A.he was wearing a handsome tuxedoB.he was wearing tulips on his suitC.he was seen among flowersD.he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light(4).Elizabeth Dole was _.（分数：1.00）A.the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina host

33、essB.a republican and wife of the president of the American Red CrossC.the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner DanceD.born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole(5).The presence of an actress at the Dinner made

34、the fund raising _.（分数：1.00）A.less impersonalB.a typical fund-raising eventC.less personalD.more business-likeBPassage Two/BFor laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore, if we wi

35、sh, we can assess the possible dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentation in laboratories.The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for t

36、hemselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by o

37、ther scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds cant be, or the homing of animals over long distances, or even details of spontane

38、ous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about?The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied

39、 are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this

40、 material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each others observations right there in the field.Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which dist

41、inguish any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animals behavior.“ In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal

42、 behavior,“ and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths.（分数：4.98）(1).In the first sentence, the word “laymen“ means _.（分数：0.83）A.people who stand asideB.people who are not trained as biologistsC.people who are amateur biologistsD.people who love animals(2).According to the passage, e

43、thnology is _.（分数：0.83）A.a new branch of biologyB.an old Greek scienceC.a pseudo-scienceD.a science for amateurs(3).“The field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves.“ This sentence means _.（分数：0.83）A.ethnologists when working in the field are handicappedB.ethnologists have problem

44、s in winning recognition as scientistsC.ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the fieldD.ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work(4).According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and- fast“ means experiment procedures _

45、.（分数：0.83）A.are difficult and quick to followB.must be carried out in a strict and quick wayC.must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose resultsD.hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe(5).The meaning of the underlined words in “the details of spontaneous family relationships“ can be

46、 expressed as _.（分数：0.83）A.natural family relationshipsB.quickly occurring family relationshipsC.animals acting like a natural familyD.animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlled_五、BPart Translat(总题数：1，分数：10.00)21.Virtue and intelligence belong to human beings as individuals freel

47、y associating with other individuals in small groups. So do sin and stupidity. But the subhuman mindlessness to which the demagogue makes his appeal, the moral imbecility on which he relies when he goads his victims into action, are characteristic not of men and women as individuals, but of men and

48、women in masses. Mindlessness and moral idiocy are not characteristically human attributes; they are symptoms of herd-poisoning. In all the worlds higher religions, salvation and enlightenment are for individuals. The kingdom of heaven is within the mind of a person, not within the collective mindlessness of a crow.（分数：10.00）_六、BSection B/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)22.我不