【考研类试卷】考博英语-481及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-481 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.At one time the Democratic Party was considered to be a party standing _ state rights.（分数：1.00）A.up forB.byC.outD.back2.Pedants are inclined to made _ distinctions so they can show off their le

2、arning.（分数：1.00）A.terseB.tenuousC.timorousD.temporal3.The unpleasant taste of the medicine prescribed by a famous doctor _ in his mouth for hours.（分数：1.00）A.restsB.waitedC.prolongedD.lingered4.The language barrier made communication difficult, but finally, part of my message _.（分数：1.00）A.passed away

3、B.went overC.came upD.got through5.Although crowded cities seem to be a _ of our crowded world, only 10 percent of the world s people live in cities as large as Madrid or larger.（分数：1.00）A.sceneB.signalC.symbolD.site6.The English are famous for exchanging _ remarks on the weather.（分数：1.00）A.persiste

4、ntB.perniciousC.peripateticD.perfunctory7.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without _ it.（分数：1.00）A.enforcingB.dominatingC.enhancingD.disposing8.The first and essential step in the study of any language is observing and _ pre cisely what happens when

5、 native speakers speak it.（分数：1.00）A.setting downB.setting outC.putting acrossD.putting away9.While nuclear weapons present grave _ . dangers, the predominant crisis of over population is with us today.（分数：1.00）A.inevitableB.constantC.overwhelmingD.potential10.Disguised as fiction, novels are someti

6、mes _ accounts of actual.（分数：1.00）A.veraciousB.venialC.venalD.veritable11.Parents often faced the _ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.（分数：1.00）A.paradoxB.junctionC.dilemmaD.premise12.The

7、 of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right makes it pleasant to read.（分数：1.00）A.layoutB.outputC.outcomeD.pattern13.Despite all the evidence to the contrary the witness _ that the story was true.（分数：1.00）A.stuck outB.stood outC.kept downD.held up14.Tall-growing crops should b

8、e planted where they will not shade or _ with the growth of small crops.（分数：1.00）A.interruptB.interfereC.disturbD.distract15.Most of all, older men and women must regain the chance to live as free human beings with dignity and respect in _ with our democratic principles.（分数：1.00）A.cooperationB.conne

9、ctionC.harmonyD.solidarity.16.Recently a number of eases have been reported of young children _ a violent act previously seen on television.（分数：1.00）A.duplicatingB.modifyingC.acceleratingD.stimulating17.The bank manager asked Irish assistant if it was possible for him to _ the investment plan within

10、 a week.（分数：1.00）A.work outB.make outC.put outD.set out18.The chairperson of a woman s club being addressed by Adlai Stevenson during his campaign indulged in a lengthy introduction full of _ remarks;（分数：1.00）A.laudatoryB.lasciviousC.languishD.lethargic19.The _ analysis by H.L. Mencken of the Americ

11、an character outraged some and delighted others.（分数：1.00）A.mottledB.mundaneC.mordantD.munificent20.If you _ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.（分数：1.00）A.lessenB.moderateC.dismissD.overcome三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：5.00)21.The aut

12、hor is primarily addressing _.（分数：1.00）A.parents of teenagersB.newspaper readersC.those who give advice to teenagersD.children in their teens22.Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they _.（分数：1.00）A.want to show their existence by creating a culture of their ownB.have a stro

13、ng desire to be leaders in style and tasteC.have no other way to enjoy themselves better than beforeD.want to irritate their parents enormously23.To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be _.（分数：1.00）A.obedientB.responsibleC.co-operativeD.independent24.Teenagers do not want t

14、heir parents to approve of whatever they do because they _.（分数：1.00）A.have already been accepted into the adult worldB.feel that they are superior in a small way to the adultsC.are not likely to win over the adultsD.have a desire to be independent25.The first paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.t

15、eenagers criticism of their parentsB.misunderstandings between teenagers and their parentsC.the dominance of the parents over their childrenD.the teenagers ability to deal with crises五、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：5.00)26.According to the author, the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment _.（分数：1

16、00）A.is still unknownB.is usually neglectedC.is being closely studiedD.has been full recognized27.The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green-space should be provided _.（分数：1.00）A.in special areasB.in the suburbsC.in the neighborhood of the houseD.in gardens and parks28.The main

17、idea of this passage is that（分数：1.00）A.better use of green-space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of lifeB.attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesC.the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years agoD.priori

18、ty must he given to the development of obligatory activities29.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to _.（分数：1.00）A.the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighborhoodB.the location of recreation facilities far from homeC.relatively little attentio

19、n for recreative possibilitiesD.the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood30.According to the author, green-space facilities should be designed in such a way that _.（分数：1.00）A.more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspectB.more and more people might have access to

20、 themC.an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedD.recreative activities might be brought into our homes六、Passage 3(总题数：5，分数：5.00)31.The author considers our understanding of dreaming someday _.（分数：1.00）A.imaginaryB.likelyC.suspiciousD.inevitable32.It can be inferred from the p

21、assage that the following events occurred the earliest is _.（分数：1.00）A.the writing of RepublicB.Freud s studyC.the discovery of D-stateD.Aserinsky s research33.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.In ancient Egypt and Greece people treated dreams as cont

22、aining messages from the gods.B.Freud thought of the dreams as royal road to the unconscious.C.The mysteries of dreaming have been unlocked through modern scientists joint effort.D.The phenomenon of dreaming can take place whether you are awake or you are sleepin34.The title that best summaries the

23、content of the passage is most probably _.（分数：1.00）A.Freud, a Great PsychiatristB.Dreaming and Our Effort to Understand ItC.How Our Ancestors Thought of DreamingD.Why Do We Dream?35.The authors attitude toward Freuds studies can be best described as _.（分数：1.00）A.ambiguous but misguidedB.valid but li

24、mitedC.insightful but controversialD.premature and illogical七、Passage 4(总题数：5，分数：5.00)36.“Illiterates“, according to Hillerich, are best defined as people who _.（分数：1.00）A.cannot read or write at allB.only have a primary educationC.read and write inadequately for their needsD.have no education of an

25、y kind at all37.What importance do the voluntary non-governmental organizations have in literacy pro grams?（分数：1.00）A.They demonstrate how literary changes society.B.They show that literacy is often imposed on people.C.They provide conditions in which people can become literate.D.They enable people

26、to take part in international literacy schemes.38.Part of the teacher of reading s involvement in the development of a literate society is through _.（分数：1.00）A.ascertaining their society s literacy standardB.determining a level of literacy for their societyC.deciding on a world standard of literacyD

27、achieving a desired role for teaching literacy39.What problem is facing both developing and industrial nations?（分数：1.00）A.How to achieve literacy in their own countries.B.How the environment can be changed to suit the people.C.What methods of producing social and economic development can be found.D

28、What ways of encouraging literacy as part of national development are possibl40.The report of UNESCO tells us a reality that _.（分数：1.00）A.the development and the developing countries face a common problemB.literacy is not a by-product of social and economic developmentC.our view of literacy is very

29、 limitedD.illiterates constitute a large part of the world population八、Passage 5(总题数：5，分数：5.00)41.The most important advances made by man come from _.（分数：1.00）A.technical applicationsB.apparently useless informationC.the natural sciencesD.the study of philosophy42.The Greeks who studied conic sectio

30、ns（分数：1.00）A.invented modem mathematical applicationsB.were interested in navigationC.were unaware of the value of their studiesD.were forced to resign themselves to failure43.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.The Importance of Technical ProgressB.A Little

31、 Learning Is a Dangerous ThingC.Learning For Its Own Sake D.Man s Distinguishing Characteristics44.In the authors opinion, _.（分数：1.00）A.both social and natural sciences are aimed at understanding onlyB.both pure knowledge and its applications are equally essential to manC.philosophy is totally indep

32、endent of the sciences referred to in the textD.the revolutionary results of pure science can hardly be imagined by Utopians45.It can be inferred from the passage that man s need to know is chiefly important in that it _.（分数：1.00）A.allows the human race to progress technicallyB.comprises both the ph

33、ysical and social sciencesC.demonstrates human adaptabilityD.defines his essential humanity九、Passage 6(总题数：5，分数：5.00)46.Pneumonia is closely related to _.（分数：1.00）A.the decline in ceils of the spinal chordB.the slower rote of reactionC.the decline in the immune systemD.the loss of cells in kidneys47

34、Which of the following statements about arteriosclerosis in NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.If a parent suffers from it, it is most likely that the child also does.B.If a person has high blood pressure, he is more likely to contract it.C.If a person smokes, he is most likely to contract it.D.If the environment

35、al factors are properly controlled, it can be prevente48.A functional decline is _.（分数：1.00）A.the reduction in brain nerve cellsB.the decline in memoryC.the loss of cells in hearing processD.the shrinkage in muscle tissues49.As far as aging is concerned _.（分数：1.00）A.the changes inside human bodies a

36、re more important than exterior onesB.the loss of competence is more significant than that of cellsC.the shrinkage of muscles is more significant than the decline in heightD.the thinning of hair is less important than the wrinkling of skin50.It is agreed that a person is more likely to suffer from a

37、rteriosclerosis _.（分数：1.00）A.as he becomes olderB.if his immune system does not work properlyC.when the cells of his brain and spinal chord declineD.when the cells in his kidneys decline in number十、Passage 7(总题数：5，分数：5.00)51.The authors attitude toward Bachofen s treatise is best described as one of

38、 _.（分数：1.00）A.qualified approvalB.profound ambiguityC.studied neutralityD.pointed disagreement52.The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：1.00）A.compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB.investigate Bachofen s theory about the dominance of women

39、in ancient societiesC.analyze the nature of Amazonian society and uncover similarities between it and the Greek worldD.criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies53.The author cites the case of Johann Bachofen mainly to _.（分数：1.00）A.show the value of

40、studies on pre-modern women s statusB.justify the unchallenging works of earlier scholarsC.present to readers an ancient women-ruled communityD.prove the difficulty in the research of pre-modern cultures54.The following problems are thought to be connected with the sources for knowledge of pre modem

41、 cultures EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.partial completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.limited quantityD.difficulty of interpretation55.The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofen s work is that _.（分数：1.00）A.feminists have shown little interest in ancient societiesB.Bach

42、ofen s knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleledC.reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireD.historians have been primarily interested in the modem period十一、Part Translation(总题数：8，分数：24.00)56.Gunman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged

43、 the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folk music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experience.（分数：3.00）_57.Moreover, the Coleman report found that the ga

44、p between black and white childrens achievement scores appeared as early as the first grade and-even more surprising in roughly equal settings-this gap became even larger the longer the children were in school. Later researchers found more and more evidence that school tend to increase rather than r

45、educe inequalities of class and race.（分数：3.00）_58.Man s chief offence against nature has been to damage the earth s natural covering of vegetation without replacing it with a system of farming that is to maintain the fertility of the soil. Man, the farmer, has penetrated new lands in many directions

46、 and the forests and grasslands have been vulnerable to his various activities.（分数：3.00）_59.A serious transportation crisis is facing developing countries in which rapidly growing cities are creating new transportation needs. Conversely, non-motorized form of transportation like bicycles and tricyc

47、les are seen images of backwardness. In some countries, governments are trying to sup press their use.（分数：3.00）_60.Before the Industrial Revolution, there could have been few family reunions as we know this ceremony at the present time, with its assembling of infrequently-encountered but still familiar figures and the consequent going up to day with the events in other people s lives. Present-day impressions of this important occasion are of a strange blending of formalities, plain speaking, with a general lack of natural warmth.（分数：3.00）_