【考研类试卷】考博英语-500及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-500 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Mass production is _ only in an economy with a highly developed technology.（分数：0.50）A.feasibleB.permissibleC.allowableD.receivable2.The government gets a(n) _ from taxes.（分数：0.50）A.incomeB.revenueC.fundD.payment3.The thief tried

2、 to open the locked door but_.（分数：0.50）A.in no wayB.in vainC.without effectD.at a loss4.As always, I had to fight the _ to take what she willingly offered.（分数：0.50）A.fascinationB.attractionC.attentionD.temptation5.I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived _Susan caught up with me.（分数：0

3、50）A.whenB.whileC.untilD.though6.Operations which left patients _ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：0.50）A.exhaustedB.abandonedC.injuredD.deserted7.The response to our financial appeal _ anything we expected.（分数：0.50）A.surpassedB.impress

4、edC.surprisedD.passed8.The bed has been _ in the family. It was my great grandmothers originally.（分数：0.50）A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round9.The tomato juice left brown _ on the front of my jacket.（分数：0.50）A.spotB.pointC.trackD.trace10.These two areas are similar _they both have a

5、 high rainfall during this season.（分数：0.50）A.to thatB.besides thatC.in thatD.except that11.“You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world,“ Edgar said to his boss angrily.（分数：0.50）A.realizedB.have realizedC.realizeD.should realize12.The Japanese do

6、llar-buying makes traders eager to _ dollars in fear of another government intervention.（分数：0.50）A.let inB.let outC.let go ofD.let off13.Those nations that interfere in the internal affairs of another nation should be _condemned.（分数：0.50）A.commonlyB.actuallyC.uniquelyD.universally14.This crop does n

7、ot do well in soils _ the one for which it has been specially developed.（分数：0.50）A.outsideB.other thanC.beyondD.rather than15.The newly-elected president is determined to _ the established policy of developing agriculture.（分数：0.50）A.go forB.go onC.go byD.go up16.The government has decided to reduce

8、a(n) _ on all imports.（分数：0.50）A.feeB.chargeC.tariffD.expenditure17._ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment.（分数：0.50）A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.With18.My boss has always attended to the _ of important business himself.（分数：0.50）A.transactionB.solutionC.translationD.stimulati

9、on19.Most of his great novels and plays were not published or known to the public _ his tragic death in 1786.（分数：0.50）A.even beforeB.ever sinceC.until afterD.until before20.Im very sorry to have _ you with so many questions on such an occasion.（分数：0.50）A.interferedB.offendedC.impressedD.bothered二、Se

10、ction Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life (21) common to all animals. In a biological laboratory rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.However, biological understanding is not enough: (22) itself, it can never tell us wha

11、t human beings are. (23) to our physical equipment the naked human body-we are not an (24) animal. We are tropical creatures, (25) hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment t

12、o help us get it. In the purely physical (26) , our species seems a poor (27) for survival.But we have survived-survived and multiplied and (28) the earth. Some day we will have a (29) living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can w

13、e have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. (30) its limitations, our physical equipment has some important (31) . We have excellent vision and hands that can (30) objects with a precision unmatched by any other (33) . Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost (34) num

14、ber of neural (35) .（分数：15.00）A.processesB.actsC.modesD.proceduresA.OnB.WithC.ForD.ByA.StrippedB.ParedC.PeeledD.RemovedA.intelligentB.impressiveC.influentialD.incentiveA.barelyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.scarcelyA.meaningB.judgementC.perspectiveD.senseA.betB.chanceC.factD.luckA.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.scatte

15、redA.residenceB.colonyC.homeD.empireA.Apart fromB.With regard toC.With the exception ofD.In spite ofA.abilitiesB.potentialsC.capabilitiesD.possibilitiesA.maneuverB.manageC.manipulateD.manufactureA.animalB.animalsC.creaturesD.creatureA.infiniteB.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaselessA.connectionsB.relationsC.

16、activitiesD.accesses三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Crossing Wesleyan universitys campus usually requires walking over colorful messages chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to sh

17、ock. Its not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd (淫荡的) references to professors sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word Nig that African-American students say make them feel uncomfortable.In response, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their

18、communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass (侵扰). In the process, theyre butting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate.Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled wi

19、th four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and lewd tone, Bennet decided to act. “This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learn

20、ing,“ Bennet says. For now, Bonnet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution saying the “right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards.“Other public universities have con

21、fronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a serie

22、s of incidents last spring.At a meeting held by the “Committee on Healthy Diversity“ last week, the schools Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of “severe or pervasive conduct“ by st

23、udents or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnicity (种族划分).Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech

24、 codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. “Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived as very unpleasant by another student continues uninterrupted,“ says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law town meeting last week.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the typical scene found

25、 in the campus of Wesleyan University?（分数：2.00）A.Pieces of chalk are scattered everywhere on the ground.B.There are some meeting announcements on the billboard.C.All kinds of messages are written on the paths.D.Some people are shocked by the meeting announcements.(2).From the passage we can see that

26、 _.（分数：2.00）A.officials and students are debating whether they should have free speechB.in the past decade, people did not have any freedom of speechC.some students are attacked politically as targetsD.officials and students are discussing ways of avoiding offending messages(3).Mr. Bennet _.（分数：2.00

27、A.has gotten used to seeing messages on the billboardB.thinks that it is not acceptable to have chalkings on the ground in an institution of higher learningC.is looking for a good policy which can guide the way of students message postingD.has decided to chalk some messages to fight against the har

28、assing ones(4).The essential of the problem is to _.（分数：2.00）A.stick up for free speechB.cleanse the academic settingC.cut the throat of free speechD.please the minorities(5).What is the policy adopted by many schools after heated debating?（分数：2.00）A.It is for the universities to clamp down on speec

29、h concerning racist comments or other forms of inappropriate ideas.B.It is to teach students to 1earn how to express themselves more clearly.C.It is to give the minority groups the right to speak freely.D.It is to urge students to discuss problems concerning race, religion, national origin and ethni

30、city.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To get from Kathmandu to the tiny village in Nepal, Dave Irvine-Halliday spent more than two days. When he arrived, he found villagers working and reading around battery-powered lamps equipped with light-emitting diodes, or LEDs-the same lamps he had left there in 200

31、0.Irvine-Halliday, an American photonics engineer, was not surprised. He chose to use LED bulbs because they are rugged, portable, long-lived, and, extremely efficient. Each of his lamps produces a useful amount of illumination from just one watt of power. Villagers use them about four hours each ni

32、ght, then top off the battery by pedaling a generator for half an hour. The cool, steady beam is a huge improvement over lamps still common in developing countries. In fact, LEDs have big advantages over familiar incandescent (白炽的) lights as well-so much so that Irvine-Halliday expects LEDs will eve

33、ntually take over from Thomas Edisons old lightbulb as the worlds main source of artificial illumination.The dawn of LEDs began about 40 years ago, but early LEDs produced red or green glows suitable mainly for displays in digital clocks and calculators. A decade ago, engineers invented a semiconduc

34、tor crystal made of an aluminum compound that produced a much brighter red light. Around the same time, a Japanese engineer developed the first practical blue LED. This small advance had a huge impact because blue, green, and red LEDs can be combined to create most of the colors of the rainbow, just

35、 as that in a color television picture.These days, high-intensity color LEDs are showing up everywhere such as the traffic lights. The reasons for the rapid switchover are simple. Incandescent bulbs have to be replaced annually, but LED traffic lights should last five to yen years. LEDs also use 80

36、to 90 percent less electricity than the conventional signals they replace. Collectively, the new traffic lights save at least 400 million kilowatt-hours a year in the United States.Much bigger savings await if LEDs can supplant Mr. Edisons bulb at the office and in the living room. Creating a white-

37、light LED that is energy-saving, cheap and appealing has proved a tough engineering challenge. But all the major lightbulb makers-including General Electric, Philips, and Osram-Sylvania-are teaming up with semiconductor manufacturers to make it happen.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we can s

38、ee that Dave Irvine-Halliday _.（分数：2.00）A.is a mountain climberB.went to that village to repair the lampsC.found the villagers were using the lamps he had given themD.has visited the small village several times(2).The author implies that villagers liked LED bulbs very much, because they _.（分数：2.00）A

39、were given by Irvine-HallidayB.are ruggedC.are cheapD.are easily-recharged(3).What does Irvine-Haltiday think of LEDs?（分数：2.00）A.They are cool and steady, but rugged.B.They will replace Edisons lightbulbs someday.C.They are easily maintained.D.They are very cheap.(4).Which of the following statemen

40、ts does not agree with the facts in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The displays in digital clocks and calculators ape just produced by early LEDs.B.Irvine-Halliday believes that LED will certainly become the worlds main source of artificial light.C.A decade ago, engineers developed red and blue LEDs, which

41、were regarded as a milestone in this research.D.It is the blue LED developed by a Japanese engineer that had a great impact on the research process.(5).The passage implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.LED bulbs are still expensive at presentB.the task of making LED the main source of artificial light is too di

42、fficultC.LED traffic lights are used everywhere in the worldD.in order to fulfill the task of making LED the main light source, lightbulb makers have to work together with semiconductor manufacturers六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Before high school teacher Kimberly Rugh got down to business at the start

43、 of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how shed had to clean cake out of the corners of her house after her 2-year-old sons birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail message that Rugh sent to the 145 students s

44、hes teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nations leading online high schools. The schools motto is “any time, any place, any path, any pace“.Floridas E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler H

45、eeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their familys clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Floridas southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia, where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard

46、for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body.The great majority of Florida Virtual Schooler- 80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they

47、 barely passed the first time, The schools biggest challenge is making sure that students arent left to sink or swim on their own. After the school experienced a disappointing course completion rate of just 50 percent in its early years, Executive Director Julie Young made a priority out of what she

48、 calls “relationship-building,“ asking teachers to stay in frequent E-mail and phone contact with their students. That personal touch has helped: The completion rate is now 80 percent.Critics of online classes say that while they may have a limited place, they are a poor substitute for the face-to-f

49、ace contact and socialization that take place in brick-and-mortar classrooms. Despite opportunities for online chats, some virtual students say theyd prefer to have more interaction with their peers.Students and parents are quick to acknowledge that virtual schooling isnt for everyone. “If your childs not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a nightmare,“ says Patricia Haygood of Orlando, whose two daughters