【考研类试卷】考博英语-534及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-534 及答案解析(总分：86.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Modern nursing practices not only hasten the recovery of the sick but also promote better health through preventive medicine.（分数：1.00）A.permitB.accelerateC.determineD.accompany2.The head of the navy heap

2、ed scorn on both the methods and motives of the conspirators.（分数：1.00）A.admirationB.passionC.contemptD.offense3.The story of Peter Pan is so fascinating that all the children like it.（分数：1.00）A.interestingB.adventurousC.entrancingD.extraordinary4.One of the most provocative ideas of modern physics w

3、as initiated by the British theorist P. Dirao.（分数：1.00）A.stimulatingB.popularC.enduringD.powerful5.The report sets out strict inspection procedures to ensure that recommendations are properly implemented.（分数：1.00）A.made up ofB.carried outC.put into operationD.charged with6.In buying a suit, a differ

4、ence of ten cents in price is negligible.（分数：1.00）A.negligentB.negotiableC.insignificantD.consequential7.In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.（分数：1.00）A.dominateB.reproduceC.rebuildD.invade8.The young girl showed wonderful facility f

5、or learning languages.（分数：1.00）A.likingB.imaginationC.delightD.aptitude9.There are still some outdated prejudices lurking in the minds of individuals.（分数：1.00）A.existingB.hidingC.remainingD.emerging10.Although the work needs to be done more exhaustively, efforts have been made to collect the songs a

6、nd ballads of the American Revolution.（分数：1.00）A.preciselyB.selectivelyC.franticallyD.thoroughly三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.An explanation of an earthquake is a description of the chain of _ that produces it.（分数：1.00）A.causalityB.marginC.persistenceD.purpose12.In that country the coins are so _ t

7、hat one has to carry great quantities to make a single purchase.（分数：1.00）A.diminishedB.debasedC.degradedD.defaced13.Agreement made by the President with other countries _ the approval of the Senate.（分数：1.00）A.is subjected toB.is subject toC.draws outD.substitute for14.Richard Cramer was awarded a Pu

8、litzer Prize for his _ on the effects of war on individuals in the Middle East.（分数：1.00）A.commentaryB.communicationC.assertionD.declaration15.He was present in his _ role of school manager, church warden and donor.（分数：1.00）A.dedicatedB.tripleC.providentialD.religious16.Mr. Li is the present _ of the

9、 presidential chair of the company.（分数：1.00）A.transactionB.prescriptionC.professorD.incumbent17.Their experiments show that the _ strain of wheat grows more quickly and is resistant to disease.（分数：1.00）A.newly plantedB.newly cultivatedC.hybridD.imported18.Since you are so weak, you should take every

10、 _ precaution against catching cold.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.comparableC.distinctD.conceivable19.The economy is showing signs of _.（分数：1.00）A.haltingB.overflowingC.outbreakingD.faltering20.She considered herself always in the right, and _ anybodys suggestion.（分数：1.00）A.skimpedB.sent downC.sneered atD.su

11、bmitted to四、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to (21) and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of (22) the available employment more widely.But w

12、e need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to (23) employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions (24) which many of us can work for ourselves, (

13、25) for an employer?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the (26) of jobs. The industrial age may now be (27) to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought.

14、(28) , in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment as its history shows, has not meant (29) freedom.Employment became widespread (30) the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving (31) them the use of the

15、 land, and thus of the means to provide a living (32) themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from the peoples homes. (33) , as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, (34)

16、 , many peoples work lost all connection (35) their home lives and the places in which they lived.(36) , employment put women (37) a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to (38) employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to cha

17、nge. The time has certainly come to (39) some effort and resources away from the (40) goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：20.00）A.be blamedB.have been blamedC.blameD.blamingA.sharingB.makingC.takingD.lookingA.makeB.t

18、reatC.findD.getA.onB.atC.toD.inA.thereforeB.rather thanC.asD.other thanA.sizeB.shapeC.formD.patternA.takingB.makingC.comingD.becomingA.ButB.AndC.ThereforeD.ForA.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economicsA.duringB.sinceC.beforeD.whenA.forB.ofC.toD.untilA.forB.ofC.withD.toA.So thatB.After thatC.LaterD.S

19、oA.actuallyB.naturallyC.correctlyD.eventuallyA.toB.withC.forD.ofA.MeanwhileB.Generally speakingC.ThereforeD.ActuallyA.intoB.inC.onD.atA.payingB.paidC.payD.being paidA.makeB.takeC.switchD.getA.possibleB.impossibleC.practicalD.impractical.五、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、

20、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York. First, part of a building on West 140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross w

21、as there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and clothing. Then it was back downtown for that evenings big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “Thats why I have bad hair tonight,“ said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had

22、spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rain. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair didnt look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal chandeliers.Definitely not having a had-hair night was Elizab

23、eth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit (“Someone made it for me! I love velveti“ she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic,

24、 Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop earrings. Of course, she hadnt been standing in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-oclock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head at

25、tentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evenings award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Asa Khan, and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for h

26、aving political instincts as well as philanthropic ones.Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china. American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squ

27、ibb; Coopers the New York Times Company; Union Bank of Switzerland; Chemical Bank; New York Life; . and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (no mod

28、els! no stars! ), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars.（分数：5.00）(1).From what we read we can infer that “it was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Gre

29、ater New York“ means its staff _.（分数：1.00）A.deal with the fail of houses in the city every dayB.are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every dayC.work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every dayD.go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people the

30、re(2).The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.Robert DoleB.Elizabeth DoteC.the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner DanceD.all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance(3).Christopher Peakes hair didnt look so bad because _.（分数：1.00）A.he was wearing a handsome tuxed

31、oB.he was wearing tulips on his suitC.he was seen among flowersD.he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light(4).Elizabeth Dole was _.（分数：1.00）A.the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostessB.a republican and wife of the president of the American R

32、ed CrossC.the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner DanceD.born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole(5).The presence of an actress at the Dinner made the fund raising _.（分数：1.00）A.less impersonalB.a typical fund

33、-raising eventC.less personalD.more business-like八、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore, if we wish, we can assess the possible dangers and adva

34、ntages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentation in laboratories.The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered

35、 as little better than amateur animal-watchers certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and

36、 reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds cant be, or the homing of animals over long distances, or even details of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can

37、 be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about?The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually, and rel

38、eased. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene,

39、 later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each others observations right there in the field.Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish any particular group of people or, in b

40、iology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animals behavior.“ In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,“ and ethnologists do emphasize their

41、 wish to eliminate myths.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first sentence, the word “laymen“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.people who stand asideB.people who are not trained as biologistsC.people who are amateur biologistsD.people who love animals(2).According to the passage, ethnology is _.（分数：1.00）A.a new branch of biolog

42、yB.an old Greek scienceC.a pseudo-scienceD.a science for amateurs(3).“The field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves.“ This sentence means _.（分数：1.00）A.ethnologists when working in the field are handicappedB.ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientistsC.ethnolo

43、gists are looked down upon when they work in the fieldD.ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work(4).According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and- fast“ means experiment procedures _.（分数：1.00）A.are difficult and quick to followB.

44、must be carried out in a strict and quick wayC.must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose resultsD.hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe(5).The meaning of the underlined words in “the details of spontaneous family relationships“ can be expressed as _.（分数：1.00）A.natural family relat

45、ionshipsB.quickly occurring family relationshipsC.animals acting like a natural familyD.animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlled九、Section B(总题数：1，分数：1.00)21.Charm is the ultimate weapon, the supreme seduction, against which there are few defenses. If youve got it, you need almo

46、st nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedigree. (51) It is a gift only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. It is also a climate of behavior set for perpetual summer and controlled by taste and tact.Real charm is dynamic, an enveloping spell which mysteriously enslaves the s

47、enses. It is an inner light, fed on reservoirs of benevolence which well up like a thermal spring. It is unconscious, often nothing but the wish to please, and cannot be turned on and off at will.(52) You recognize charm by the feeling you get in its presence. You know who has it. But can you get it

48、, too? Probably, you cant, because its a quickness of spirit, an originality of touch you have to be born with. Or its something that grows naturally out of another quality, like the simple desire to make people happy. Certainly, charm is not a question of learning tricks, like wrinkling your nose,

49、or having a laugh in your voice, or gaily tossing your hair out of your dancing eyes. (53) Such signs, to the nervous, are ominous warnings which may well send him streaking for cover. On the other hand, there is an antenna, a built-in awareness of others, which most people have, and which care can nourish.But in a study of charm, what else does one look for? Apart from the ability to listen rarest of all human virtues and most difficult to sustain without vagueness a