【考研类试卷】考博英语-542及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-542 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Costs of doing so come cheap when measured against an overall advertising _.（分数：0.50）A.bailB.brokerageC.budgetD.bill2.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _.（分数：0.50）A.for l

2、ongB.in and outC.once for allD.by nature3.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _ the welfare of his animals.（分数：0.50）A.critical aboutB.indignant atC.indifferent toD.Subject to4.He always did well at school _ having to do part-time jobs every n

3、ow and then.（分数：0.50）A.in spite ofB.regardless ofC.on account ofD.in case of5.Our son doesnt know what _ to at the university; he cant make up his mind about his future.（分数：0.50）A.take inB.take upC.take overD.take after6.If the seller fails to provide good title, the contract will become null and _.

4、（分数：0.50）A.vacantB.voidC.brokeD.bubble7.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.（分数：0.50）A.overturnB.overtakeC.offsetD.oppress8.In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to _ signs ask

5、ing his “guests“ not to step on them.（分数：0.50）A.put downB.put outC.put upD.put off9.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _.（分数：0.50）A.firmB.companyC.corporationD.enterprise10.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised

6、 _ from the United States.（分数：0.50）A.transferB.deliveriesC.transportationD.transmissions11.On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor _ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.（分数：0.50）A.incidentB.eventC.easeD.affair12.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms

7、may result in _ and lack of unity in style.（分数：0.50）A.conflictB.confrontationC.disturbanceD.disharmony13.The chairman of the board _ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.（分数：0.50）A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted14.The Export-Import Bank exte

8、nds long-term _ at favorable rate to foreign buyers, thus financing the purchase of U. S. goods and services.（分数：0.50）A.mortgagesB.securitiesC.insurancesD.loans15.The timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once_.（分数：0.50）A.thrivedB.

9、swelledC.prosperedD.flourished16.I didnt _ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.（分数：0.50）A.assumeB.supposeC.meanD.hope17.All the key words in the article are printed in _ type so as to attract readers attention.（分数：0.50）A.darkB.denseC.blackD.bold18.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, wit

10、h a lot of travelling _ heavy schedules.（分数：0.50）A.with regard toB.as toC.in relation toD.owing to19.The house was very quiet, _ as it was on the side of a mountain.（分数：0.50）A.isolatedB.isolatingC.being isolatedD.having been isolated20.Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of s

11、ome hills are still _.（分数：0.50）A.blankB.hollowC.vacantD.bare二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (21) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (22) of your “body clock“ -a small cluster of

12、 brain cells that controls the timing of biological (23) . The body clock is designed for a (24) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (25) daylight and darkness at the “wrong“ times in a new time zone. The (26) of jetlag often persist for days (27) the interna

13、l body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is (28) that is based on proven (29) pioneering scientific research. Dr, Martin Mooreede had (30) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (31) controlled exposure to bright light. The

14、 time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates (32) of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (33) or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule (34) light exposure dep

15、ends a great deal on (35) travel plans.（分数：15.00）A.fromB.ofC.forD.toA.eruptionB.disruptionC.ruptureD.corruptionA.actionsB.functionsC.behaviorD.reflectionA.formalB.continualC.regularD.circularA.experiencesB.possessesC.encountersD.retainsA.signsB.defectsC.diseasesD.symptomsA.ifB.whereasC.whileD.althou

16、ghA.agreeableB.availableC.adaptableD.approachableA.extensiveB.tentativeC.broadD.inclusiveA.devisedB.scrutinizedC.visualizedD.recognizedA.inB.asC.atD.throughA.moreB.littleC.mostD.leastA.shedB.retrieveC.seekD.attainA.inB.forC.onD.withA.specificB.complicatedC.uniqueD.peculiar三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，

17、分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition (学会) of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rat

18、e, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if

19、 a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sev

20、ere over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important i

21、n parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure

22、when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.（分数：10.00）(1).Eagerly watching the childs acquisition of new skills _.（分数：

23、2.00）A.should be avoidedB.is universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things(2).In the process of childrens learning new skills parents _.（分数：2.00）A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words the

24、y readB.should not expect too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possible(3).The second paragraph mainly tells us that _.（分数：2.00）A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental

25、controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation(4).The word “precept“ ( Line 4, Par（分数：2.0

26、0）A.3) probably means “ _. “.A. ideaB. punishmentC. behaviourD. instruction(5).In moral matters, parents should _.（分数：2.00）A.observe the rules themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently ensure the securi

27、ty of their children五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special f

28、eatures (特写) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one pi

29、ece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its imme

30、diate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each p

31、erson does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-aw

32、areness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.（分数：10.00）(1).A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its _.（分数：2.00）A.wide coverageB.uniform styleC.speed in reporting newsD.popularity(2).According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the “same“ ne

33、wspaper is that _.（分数：2.00）A.people scan for the news they are interested inB.different people prefer different newspapersC.people are rarely interested in the same kind of newsD.people have different views about what a good newspaper is(3).It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers

34、（分数：2.00）A.apply reading techniques skillfullyB.jump from one newspaper to anotherC.appreciate the variety of a newspaperD.usually read a newspaper selectively(4).A good newspaper offers “a variety“ to readers because _.（分数：2.00）A.it tries to serve different readersB.it has to cover things that happ

35、en in a certain localityC.readers are difficult to pleaseD.readers like to read different newspapers(5).The best title for this passage would be“ _“.（分数：2.00）A.The Importance of Newspaper TopicalityB.The Characteristics of a Good NewspaperC.The Variety of a Good NewspaperD.Some Suggestions on How to

36、 Read a Newspaper六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. “Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep“. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep a

37、t work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.“Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping“, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the g

38、odfather of sleep research.Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt“ which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving.

39、 This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon.About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a midafternoon quiet phase“ also called “a se

40、condary sleep gate.“ Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift, Rather, we “snack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whateve

41、r time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, ears, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.（分数：10.00）(1).It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _.（分数：2.00）A.unreasonableB.criminalC.harmfulD.costly(2).The research done by th

42、e Dement commission shows that Americans _.（分数：2.00）A.dont like to take napsB.are terribly worried about their national debtC.sleep less than is good for themD.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents(3).The purpose of this article is to _.（分数：2.00）A.warn us of the wickedness of nappingB.ex

43、plain the danger of sleepinessC.discuss the side effects of nappingD.convince the reader of the necessity of napping(4).The “American sleep debt“ ( Line 1, Par（分数：2.00）A.3) is the result of _.A. the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Admini

44、strationC. the rapid development of American industryD. the Americans worry about the danger of sleepiness(5).The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is _.（分数：2.00）A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB.good practice to eat something light before we go to bedC.es

45、sential to make up for lost sleepD.natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Violin prodigies, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russi

46、a and Eastern Europe, I asked Isaac Stern, one of the worlds greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. “It is very clear,“ he told me, “They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the profession

47、al fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.“ As a result, every Jewish parents dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain f

48、ield to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours.“ says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to J

49、apan after World War , that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.Thats a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generati