【考研类试卷】考博英语-555及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-555 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.In the authors opinion, the idea that geneticists could produce a super-ape is _.（分数：2.00）A.irrationalB.plausibleC.bio

2、logically impossibleD.demonstrably true2.The author of this article is _.（分数：2.00）A.revealing his low opinion of mankindB.poking fun at geneticistsC.expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-apeD.presenting a reasonable theory in a humorous tone3.The type of job an ape could do

3、 without supervision would be one which is _.（分数：2.00）A.repetitiveB.mechanizedC.unusualD.intricate4.A problem that has plagued some fictional Utopias is _.（分数：2.00）A.creation of super-apesB.the necessity of breeding super-humansC.the necessity of breeding subhumansD.the degradation of beasts六、Passag

4、e Two(总题数：4，分数：8.00)5.If a persons eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit, we can expect _.（分数：2.00）A.a time lag in the focusing ability of the eyeB.some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivi

5、ty has been regained.C.the immediate less of the “afterimage“ of the first objectD.the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to thenew intensity level.6.Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as similar o

6、r different in color would depend mostly on _.（分数：2.00）A.the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewingB.whether the object was seen in artificial or natural lightC.what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewingsD.the individuals power of lateral adaptation7.The

7、 present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of _.（分数：2.00）A.some experiments with color pigmentsB.the nature of colorC.the color properties of various surfacesD.the mechanism of the eyes adaptation to color8.This selection is primarily concerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.the eyes ada

8、ptation to colorB.the properties of colored surfacesC.the color of colorsD.the effect of changes in color intensity七、Passage Three(总题数：4，分数：8.00)9.During the Middle Ages, productivity of labor _.（分数：2.00）A.was a primary concern of societyB.was hampered by class relationshipsC.began to improve over l

9、evels reached by the GreeksD.was in a period of technical progress10.We may infer that a change in class relationships after the close of the Middle Ages produced greater productivity because _.（分数：2.00）A.freemen had incentive to produce moreB.masters had greater incentive to work their workers hard

10、erC.slaves never starved, no matter what they producedD.productivity could go in only one direction11.In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainly on illustrations drawn from _.（分数：2.00）A.examples of the separation of mechanics and geometryB.case studies of lack of

11、 social communication between classesC.technologyD.his concern with the plight of the laboring classes.12.Lack of technological progress in the ancient and medieval worlds was primarily due to the absence of _.（分数：2.00）A.natural resourcesB.inventive abilityC.peoples desire for the “better things of

12、life“D.proper social organization八、Passage Four(总题数：4，分数：8.00)13.The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists _.（分数：2.00）A.conducted their research at approximately the same timeB.sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studiedC

13、.sought an explanation of why certain sex. ratios exist and remain stableD.studied reproduction in the same animal species14.According to the passage, successful game strategy depends on _.（分数：2.00）A.the ability to adjust ones behavior in light of the behavior of othersB.the degree of stability one

14、can create in ones immediate environmentC.the accuracy with which one can predict future eventsD.the success one achieves in conserving and storing ones resources15.It can be inferred from the passage that the mathematical theory of games has been _.（分数：2.00）A.developed by scientists with an interes

15、t in geneticsB.useful in explaining some biological phenomenaC.adopted by Hamilton in his researchD.based on animal studies conducted prior to 193016.It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Fishers work to be _.（分数：2.00）A.definitive and thoroughB.inaccurate but popular, compare

16、d with Hamiltons workC.accurate, but trivial compared with Hamiltons workD.admirable, but not as up-to-date as Hamiltons work九、Passage Five(总题数：4，分数：8.00)17.Which of the following statements could most logically follow the last sentence of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Thus, without the cultural diversity

17、represented by the American South, the culture of colonial America would certainly have been homogeneous in nature.B.Thus, the contribution of Southern colonials to American culture was certainly overshadowed by that of the Puritans.C.Thus, convergence, not divergence, seems to have characterized th

18、e cultural development of the American colonies in the eighteenth century.D.Thus, the culture of America during the Colonial period was far more sensitive to outside influence than historians are accustomed to acknowledg18.The passage suggests that by the late Colonial period the tendency to cultiva

19、te metropolitan cultural models was a cultural pattern that was _.（分数：2.00）A.dying out as Puritan influence began to growB.self-consciously and distinctively SouthernC.more characteristic of the Southern colonies than of EnglandD.spreading to Massachusetts and Connecticut19.The author is primarily c

20、oncerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.refuting a claim about the influence of Puritan culture on the early American SouthB.refuting a thesis about the distinctiveness of the culture of the early American SouthC.refuting the two premises that underlie Davis discussion of the culture of the AmericanD.challenging

21、 the hypothesis that early American culture was homogeneous in nature20.According to the author, the depiction of American culture during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras as an extension of New England Puritan culture reflects the _.（分数：2.00）A.fact that historians have overestimated the importanc

22、e of the Puritans in the development of American cultureB.fact that early American culture was deeply influenced by the strong religious oriencolonistsC.extent to which Massachusetts and Connecticut served as cultural models for the other American coloniesD.extent to which colonial America resisted

23、assimilating cultural patterns that were typically English十、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)21.During the 19th century, Jews in most European countries achieved some equality of status with non-Jews. Nonetheless, at times Jews were harassed by anti-Semitic groups.（分数：1.00）A.opposedB.exploitedC.despi

24、sedD.annoyed22.In 1982, Hitachi was indicted for stealing confidential documents from IBM. As part of a court settlement, the company pa id IBM hundreds of millions of dollars.（分数：1.00）A.condemned forB.accused ofC.disciplined forD.disapproved of23.The Austrian manufacturing industry consists of a fe

25、w large organizations, many of which oper ate under government auspices.（分数：1.00）A.supervisionB.orientationC.regulationD.sponsorship24.The Social Security Act did not include health insurance because the commission considered that its inclusion would jeopardize the passage of the act.（分数：1.00）A.evad

26、eB.endangerC.excludeD.enhance25.The preserved food should retain palatable appearance, flavor, and texture, as well as its original nutritional value.（分数：1.00）A.tastyB.stylishC.delicateD.notable26.Education in Russia and the other new countries faces especially daunting obstacles because the struggl

27、ing economies of these nations often provide insufficient funds for education.（分数：1.00）A.stunningB.discouragingC.concerningD.prevailing27.A corps of so-called barefoot doctors are trained in hygiene, preventive medicine, acupuncture, and routine treatment of common diseases.（分数：1.00）A.nutritionB.san

28、itationC.nurseryD.welfare28.Britain occupied Java during the Napoleonic Wars. Both the British and later the Dutch tried to centralize and reform Javas administration. The Dutch wavered between opening the area to individual enterprise and reverting to a monopoly system.（分数：1.00）A.resolvedB.reckoned

29、C.hesitatedD.discriminated29.Ideally, anatomical investigation consists of a combination of descriptive and experimental approaches. Present-day anatomy involves scrutiny of the structure of organ-isms at many levels of observation.（分数：1.00）A.analysisB.recognitionC.evaluationD.examination30.From 196

30、5 to 1978 American consumer prices increased at an average annual rate of 5. 7 percent. This ominous shift was followed by consumer price gains of 13.3 percent in 1979.（分数：1.00）A.promisingB.overwhelmingC.threateningD.astonishing31.The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious

31、 effort to curtail not only bad taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations.（分数：1.00）A.avertB.denyC.excludeD.reduce32.Brazilian music is thoroughly imbued with African themes, and illustrious composers have long found inspiration in the black musical heritage.（分数：1.00）A.

32、imaginativeB.sensitiveC.distinguishedD.persistent33.The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the products local distributors.（分数：1.00）A.potentialB.responsiveC.inquisitiveD.perceptive34.Admiral Ce

33、rvera knew he was being ordered to certain destruction but felt compelled to obey. He chose the morning of July 3 for a gallant escape attempt.（分数：1.00）A.daringB.futileC.criticalD.fruitful35.Although diverse, African music has certain distinctive traits, one of which is the use of repetition as an o

34、rganizing principle.（分数：1.00）A.benefitsB.featuresC.notionsD.options36.The Second Hague Disarmament Conference of 1907 was marked more by discord than discourse, a sign of the deteriorating world situation.（分数：1.00）A.facilitatingB.upgradingC.justifyingD.worsening37.Australia began to assume its modem

35、 configuration by the Eocene Epoch, some 50 million years ago, when Antarctica broke away and drifted southward.（分数：1.00）A.statusB.sphereC.shapeD.situation38.The prevailing wind is the wind direction most often observed during a given time period. Wind speed is the rate at which the air moves past a

36、 stationary object.（分数：1.00）A.motionlessB.massiveC.flexibleD.noticeable39.Not until the advent of histochemistry could the anatomist see through the microscope which cells carry specific enzymes or gauge how active these enzymes are in different cells under various conditions.（分数：1.00）A.discernB.gra

37、spC.measureD.estimate40.European conservatives, until the end of the 19th century, rejected democratic principles and institutions. Instead they opted for monarchies or for authoritarian government.（分数：1.00）A.choseB.constructedC.conceivedD.conserved十一、Part Error Identif(总题数：10，分数：10.00)41.The view (

38、which) elements of a culture are to be understood and judged (in terms of) their relationship to (the culture as a whole) led to the conclusion that the cultures themselves could not be (evaluated or graded as) higher and lower, superior or inferior.（分数：1.00）A.whichB.in terms ofC.the culture as a wh

39、oleD.evaluated or graded as42.There is nothing in science (staling) that it is good to attempt to save human lives. Saving human lives (seems) to be a (generally held) value in most cultures of the world, but it is not (in some sense) scientifically derived.（分数：1.00）A.stalingB.seemsC.generally heldD

40、.in some sense43.The motivation of rapists is now (acknowledged) to be a more complex matter (than being) formerly believed; it (has come) to be widely accepted that rape is not (necessarily) the result of sexual desire.（分数：1.00）A.acknowledgedB.than beingC.has comeD.necessarily44.Another factor in t

41、he display of art objects (concerns their continued preservation). Because of the sensitivity of some of the materials (used in their creation), it is necessary to control (within narrow limits) the temperature, humidity, and lighting (which) they are exposed.（分数：1.00）A.concerns their continued pres

42、ervationB.used in their creationC.within narrow limitsD.which45.Further education is officially (described as) the post-secondary stage of education, (comprised) all vocational and convocational (provision made) for young people who have left school, (or for adults).（分数：1.00）A.described asB.comprise

43、dC.provision madeD.or for adults46.In the United States at the time of World War , (when) soldiers were screened (for military service) the army defined (a minimal level) of literacy as that (was normally achieved) in the fifth grade.（分数：1.00）A.whenB.for military serviceC.a minimal levelD.was normal

44、ly achieved47.Theories have features that are (indicative) of their truth, and the task of justification is to identify these features and (using them) to guide choices (as to) (which theories) to believe.（分数：1.00）A.indicativeB.using themC.as toD.which theories48.Recent reform efforts (have been foc

45、used) on encouraging lifelong or recurrent education to meet (changing individual and social needs). Thus, not only (the number of students has increased), (but) the scope of education has also expanded.（分数：1.00）A.have been focusedB.changing individual and social needsC.the number of students has in

46、creasedD.but49.The market for (manufactured goods) is (which) economists call “imperfect,“ because each company has its own style; and all of the arts of advertisement and salesmanship are devoted (to making) it (even more imperfect) by attracting buyers to particular brand names.（分数：1.00）A.manufact

47、ured goodsB.whichC.to makingD.even more imperfect50.(To be measured) in terms of its members, teaching is (the worlds biggest profession). Though the roles and functions of teachers (vary from country to country), the variations are generally greater within a country than (they are) between countrie

48、s.（分数：1.00）A.To be measuredB.the worlds biggest professionC.vary from country to countryD.they are十二、Part Word Formatio(总题数：5，分数：5.00)51.In Yugoslavia, the late 1960s and early 1970s were marked by improved relations with other countries, regardless of their political 1. (orient)（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_52.F

49、rom 1948 to 1961, the proportion of American blacks earning less than $ 3000 a year declined from 78 to 47 percent; at the same time, blacks earning more than $10.000 increased 1 from less than 1 to 17 percent. (Proportion)（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_53.Like other blacks in the western hemisphere, the 1 majority of African Americans were brought to Noah America as slaves between the 1700s and the early 1800s. (Overwhelm)（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_