【考研类试卷】考博英语-577及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-577 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.If you consider this problem _others interest, you may change your view.（分数：0.50）A.because ofB.withC.due toD.according to2.His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.（分数：0.50）A.wonderedB.wonderC.to wonderD.wondering3.One of

2、 the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about _.（分数：0.50）A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally4.He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.（分数：0.50）A.in thatB.so long asC.in caseD.as far as5.Well visit Europe next

3、 year _ we have enough money.（分数：0.50）A.lestB.untilC.unlessD.provided6.If this kind of fish becomes_, future generations may never taste it at all.（分数：0.50）A.minimumB.shortC.seldomD.scarce7.Travelling and meeting new people _the mind of young people.（分数：0.50）A.expandedB.enlargedC.broadenedD.extended

4、8.My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report.（分数：0.50）A.moodB.emotionC.attitudeD.feeling9.The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one _ the other.（分数：0.50）A.emphasizingB.reinforcingC.multiplyingD.increasing10.When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _ the

5、exit as quickly as possible.（分数：0.50）A.made offB.made forC.made outD.made up11.This little girl has a particular _ for chocolate. Whenever she sees it, she will snatch a bar and enjoy it to her hearts content.（分数：0.50）A.likingB.likeC.likableD.likely12.The committee is totally opposed _any changes be

6、ing made in the plans.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.onC.toD.against13.Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally _ to find a successful way to solve the problem.（分数：0.50）A.broke offB.broke downC.broke outD.broke through14.After our computer network _for the third time that day, we all went home.（分数：0.50）A.crashedB

7、.collidedC.smashedD.fell15.Peter will _ as managing director when Bill retires.（分数：0.50）A.take offB.take overC.take toD.take up16.This computer is up-to-date _ a few shortcomings here and there.（分数：0.50）A.exceptB.except forC.except thatD.but17.When we listen to music, we are easily _ of events in th

8、e past.（分数：0.50）A.rememberedB.reflectedC.memorizedD.reminded18.I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.（分数：0.50）A.neverthelessB.althoughC.in caseD.so that19.The price of beer _ from 40 cents to 4 per liter during the summer season.（分数：0.50）A.alteredB.rangedC.separatedD.di

9、ffered20.They gave _broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.（分数：0.50）A.liveB.livingC.livelyD.alive二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Color is very important to most animals for it helps them to get along in the world. Color (21) to make an animal difficult for its enemies to (22) . M

10、any animals match their (23) so well that as long as they do not move no one is (24) to see them. You probably have often “jumped“ a rabbit. If you (25) , you know how the rabbit sits perfectly still (26) you are just a few feet away. You (27) see the rabbit till it runs for its (28) matches very cl

11、osely the place where it is (29) . Many times you may have walked past a rabbit (30) didnt run and you never knew it was there at all.One of the most usual color schemes that helps animals to keep (31) being seen, is a dark back and light underpants. If an animal is the same color all (32) , there i

12、s always a dark shadow along the animals belly (腹部). (33) an enemy couldnt see the animal he could see this dark shadow. The shadow makes the animal (34) out to view. But if the belly is (35) than the rest of the animal, the shadow will not be noticed.（分数：15.00）A.helpsB.contributesC.triesD.managesA.

13、watchB.seeC.catchD.killA.conditionsB.surroundingsC.enemiesD.bodiesA.enableB.hardlyC.likelyD.possibleA.do notB.had notC.didD.haveA.whereB.thereC.whileD.untilA.sometimesB.occasionallyC.seldomD.oftenA.surfaceB.coatC.shapeD.appearanceA.sittingB.matchingC.runningD.jumpingA.youB.thatC.itD.whichA.out ofB.o

14、nC.fromD.offA.aloneB.togetherC.overD.rightA.Even ifB.UnlessC.HoweverD.As long asA.standB.stretchC.pushD.bringA.thinnerB.darkerC.biggerD.lighter三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first a

15、ppeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread an

16、d milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast w

17、ay of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently,

18、most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artifi

19、cially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in

20、 a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next Winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ ( Line 1, Par（分数：2.00）A.2) suggests that _.A. the author was well-fed and

21、 healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB. the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fiftiesC. there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s.D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s(2).Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the inv

22、ention of fridges?（分数：2.00）A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their foo(3).Who benefited the least from fridges according to the autho

23、r?（分数：2.00）A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travelling salesmen.(4).Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment?（分数：2.00）A.Hum away continuously.B.Climatically almost unnecessary.C.Artificially-cooled space.D.With mild tempe

24、ratures.(5).What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?（分数：2.00）A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromisin五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and caus

25、e us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with humanlike ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It

26、 may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件) or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon (硅) will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they

27、exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to

28、 match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great

29、 wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.（分数：10.00）(1).In what way can we make a machine intelligent?（分数：2.00）A.By making it work in such environments

30、as deserts, oceans or space.B.By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C.By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D.By reproducing it.(2).What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?（分数：2.00）A.He believes they will be useful to human beings.B.He believes that they

31、will Control us in the future.C.He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D.He doesnt consider the construction of such machines possibl(3).The word “carbon“ (Line 4, Par（分数：2.00）A.2) stands for “_ “.A. intelligent robotsB. a chemical elementC. an organic substanceD. human beings(4).A r

32、obot can be used to expand our frontiers when _.（分数：2.00）A.its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB.it is able to bear the rough environmentC.it is made as complex as the human brainD.its architecture is different from that of the present ones(5).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：

33、2.00）A.after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproductionB.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like abilityC.once we make a machine as complex as the human bra

34、in, it will possess intelligenceD.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report；The damage and death toll could have been much worse.More than 60 peopl

35、e died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, cha

36、nges made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved qua

37、ke-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its

38、 foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vib

39、rations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.（分数：10.00）(

40、1).One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.（分数：2.00）A.new computers had been installed in the buildingsB.it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC.large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD.improvement

41、s had been made in the construction of buildings and highways(2).The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.counterbalance an earthquakes action on the buildingB.predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC.help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD.measure t

42、he impact of an earthquakes vibrations(3).The smart buildings discussed in the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.would cause serious financial problemsB.would be worthwhile though costlyC.would increase the complexity of architectural designD.can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes(4).It can be in

43、ferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _.（分数：2.00）A.the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB.the development of flexible building materialsC.the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD.early forecasts of

44、 earthquakes(5).The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U. S.B.encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC.outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materialsD.

45、report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away- straight up. A decade ago, adapting the

46、 infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poiso

47、n on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest (害虫) problems.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted

48、 by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the

49、 new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Depar