【考研类试卷】考博英语-618及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-618 及答案解析(总分：107.90，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：27.50)1.Some authorities trace the jury system to Anglo Saxon or even more _Germanic times.A. remote B. similar C. austere D. barbaric（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure. He did not believe that was his

2、 lot.A. submit B. commit C. transmit D. permit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The flashing red light served as a _ of danger ahead.A. predictor B. caution C. precaution D. prevention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be_.A. broken out B. cancelled out C. ruled out

3、 D. wiped out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The pilot made an unexpected _ because of engine trouble.A. conclusion B. crash C. victory D. landing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.Its time-consuming to locate the book in the bookcase, because the way he arranges books is quite _. A. mighty B. wholesome C. undesirable D. random

4、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.We were politely _ an armed guard and warned not to take pictures.A. assigned B. allowed C. accepted D. assisted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are imaginary.A. fascinating B. factitious C. fastidious D. fi

5、ctitious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.One day I _ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.A. came across B. came about C. came after D. came at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.He is in bed with a bad cold, feeling pretty _.A. spacious B. wideC. sufficient D. wretched（分数：1.

6、00）A.B.C.D.11.The physician had to visit his patient six _ days before the patient could be considered in a fair condition.A. consequent B. consecutive C. consistent D. conservative（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The car one drives may show his/her _ or social position.A. curiosity B. status C. importance D. re

7、putation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others.A. distinguished B. estranged C. deferred D. enlarged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.To be a successful criminal, one must be_.A. empirical B. emigrant C. elegant D. elusi

8、ve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.As a result of their frequent litters, rabbits have the reputation of being _.A. ruthless B. prolificC. practical D. rational（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Asian economic crisis has only a _ effect on the lives of Chinese people.A. discrete B. massive C. marginal D. subordinate（分数：1.00）A.

9、B.C.D.17.Some people think its _ to smoke with a cigarette holder.A. flexible B. sophisticated C. versatile D. productive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The football game comes to you _ from New York.A lively B alive C live D living（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.The department chairman _ with thanks the assistance of all

10、the faculty members for getting the celebration ready in a short time.A. expresses B. declares C. announces D. acknowledges（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.With a weather worn face, Ted is _ a very old man but in fact he is only fifty.A. obviously B. evidently C. apparently D. sufficiently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.I h

11、ave omitted many things which_a place in the book.A. reserved B. deserved C. preserved D. observed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The _ meanings of the individual words do not help define all expressions like “Drop in any time. “A. literary B. literature C. literal D. literate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Those who _ the

12、 weather as a conventional opening seem to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk.A. dispose B. dispatch C. dismiss D. despise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Like other religious groups, the Christian churchs strong emphasis on holiness is essential to salvation.A. deemed B. doomed C. destined

13、D. depicted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.He _ himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealed B. resented C. relayed D. reproached（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.26.They dont want to be involved in the dispute, so they exhibit _ on such matters.A. integrity B. reserve C. morality D. justice（分数：1.00）A.B.

14、C.D.27.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.A. permanent B. temporary C. corrupt D. craven（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact _ she knows about it is all sadly out of date.A. so little B. that much C. what little D. how much（分数：1.00

15、）A.B.C.D.29.Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks; acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect.A. recognized B. proved C. got rid of D. multiplied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.I dont understand why people_such a beautiful garden with cans and bot- tles.A.

16、 located B. provided C. protected D. littered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are e

17、qual to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such thing

18、s as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement.Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment

19、 is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the w

20、ord fun to describe raising children, But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time:

21、now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money; buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always havi

22、ng so much fun actually may not be happy at all.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _.A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

23、D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Raising children, in the authors opinion, is_.A. a moral duty B. a thankless jobC. a rewarding task D. a source of inevitable pain（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stem

24、s from _.A. hatred B. misunderstandingC. prejudice D. ignorance（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To understand what true happiness is, one must_.A. have as much run as possible during ones lifetimeB. make every effort to liberate oneself from painC. put up with pain .under all circumstancesD. be able to distingu

25、ish happiness from fun（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the author trying to tell us?A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.B. One must know how to attain happiness.C. It is important to make commitments.D. It is pain that leads to happiness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Observe th

26、e dilemma of the fungus: it is a plant, but it possesses no chlorophyl. While all other plants put the suns energy to work for them combining the nutrients of ground and air into body structure, the chlorophylless fungus must look elsewhere for an energy supply. It finds it in those other plants whi

27、ch, having received their energy free from the sun, relinquish it at some point in their cycle either to other animals (like us humans) or to fungi.In this search for energy the fungus has become the earth s major source of rot and decay. Wherever you see mold forming on a piece of bread, or a pile

28、of leaves turning to compost, or a blown-down tree becoming pulp on the ground, you are watching a fungus eating. Without fungus action the earth would be piled high with the dead plant life of past centuries. In fact, certain plants which contain resins that are toxic to fungi will last indefinitel

29、y. Specimens of the redwood, for instance, can still be found resting on the forest floor centuries after having been blown down.（分数：7.50）(1).The title below that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _.A. Life without Chlorophyl B. The Source of Rot and DecayC. The Harmul Qualities of Fun

30、gi D. The Strange World of the Fungus（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The statement “you are watching a fungus eating“ is best described as _.A. figurative B. ironical C. parenthetical D. joking（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The author implies that fungi _.A. are responsible for all the worlds rot and decayB. cannot live

31、 completely apart from other plantsC. attack plants in order to kill themD. are poisonous to resin-producing plants（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The author uses the word “dilemma“ to indicate that _.A. the fungus is both helpful and harmful in its effectsB. no one understands how a fungus livesC. fungi are n

32、ot really plantsD. the fungus seems to have its own biological laws（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).Which word best describes the fungus as depicted in the passage?A. Quixotic. B. Sporadic. C. Enigmatic. D. Parasitic.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Most people are right-handed and children usuall

33、y have the same handedness as their parents. This suggests that genes are at work. But identical twins have identical genes, so genes cannot be the whole story. Cultural attitudes seem to have played an important part in the development of hand preferences. In the past, left-handed have suffered any

34、thing from teasing to flogging. Even today in some countries en forced right-handedness, particularly for writing and eating, is still common.To explain the observed patterns of handedness, researchers have devised what is known as a geneculture coevolution model. The initial assumption of the model

35、-drawn from observation of non-human primates and other mammals such as mice-is that early on in human evolution, the genetic make-up of individuals inclined them to prefer one hand or the other, but that the population was equally divided between right and left-handed people. Over time, according t

36、o the model, the interaction of genes and culture has produced a state where everyone has identical genes for handedness. This would happen if, for whatever reason, right-handers were more likely to survive and reproduce. The idea may not be that far fetched. Many biologists believe that handedness

37、is related to brain structure, say, for example, early right-handers may have been better at language.The model predicts that today everyone has genes which confer a basic predisposition of 78% to be right-handed. How children actually turn out, however, can be influenced by whether their parents ar

38、e dextral or sinistral. For example, children may mimic their parents. Or parents may influence the handedness of their children in the way that they hand them toys or food.The researchers reckon that a child with two right-handed parents has a 91% probability of being right-handed; a child with two

39、 left-handed parents has a probability of only 63% of being right-handed. But parental influence does not account for everything. Random events during a childs development can also have a small effect on handedness. Even if identical twins have parents who are both dextral, factors such as their pos

40、ition in the womb may result in the twins not preferring the same hands.The model seems plausible. It accurately predicts the results of 13 studies of the handedness of twins as well as the proportion of left-handers found in the population at large (roughly 12%, a figure that seems to be quite stab

41、le). Asymmetries in early tools, and in the way in which prey were clubbed, suggest that hominids as early as the Australopithecines may have preferred their right hands. Whatever the origin of this dexterous preference, though, left-handers remain at large. Some people are just sinister.（分数：5.00）(1

42、).The author points out at the beginning that _.A. handedness is solely determined by genesB. handedness is solely determined by cultureC. handedness is determined by both genes and cultureD. handedness may be determined by factors other than genes and culture（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred

43、that non-human primates _.A. are mostly left-handedB. are mostly right-handedC. are equally divided between right-handers and left-handersD. are good at using both hands（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to tile “gene-culture coevolution“ model, which of the following would be true at the end of the day

44、?A. All people will be right-handed.B. All people will be left-handed.C. There are as many right-handers as left-handers.D. People will use both hands equally well.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, all of the following may affect a persons handedness except _.A. personality B. genes C.

45、culture D. random events（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage provides information for answering all of the following questions except _.A. Do identical twins have the same handedness?B. Is language conducive to survival?C. Is the “gene-culture coevolution“ model reliable?D. Why are some people left-hand

46、ed?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Sally Kemmerer has, so far, escaped Northern Californias rolling blackouts.But up on the roof for her Oakland home, workers are tapping into, perhaps, the most reliable power source, the sun. It could mean no more worries about blackouts or power rate

47、s.Sally Kemmerer, homeowner says, “I hope that well be able to zero out, you know, our electric bill. I mean thats definitely our goal.“Turning the suns rays into electricity is, of course, nothing new.But Californias power crisis has cast a new light on the technology.Gary Gerber, a solar power con

48、tractor, says, “I might have been getting, say three phone calls a week a couple of months age. Im getting six a day now, its completely crazy.“Alternative energy is even more attractive, thanks to a state rebate program. So far this month, Californias energy commission has received 200 project appl

49、ications. That is more than the number of applications all last year.Putting in a solar roof is still a relatively expensive proposition. This project cost around 45000 dollars. Even taking into account the state subsidy of 12000 dollars, that leaves a net cost to the homeowner of around 33000 dollars.Sally says, “We were happy to find out that, eventually, the system should pay fo