【考研类试卷】考博英语-622及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-622 及答案解析(总分：116.48，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：28.50)1.Since there are so few conservative thinkers on the committee, their influence on its recommendations isA. monumental B. negligible C. discriminatory D. impractical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.According to the international regulation, th

2、e playing of the national anthem _ all sports events.A. tepels B. remarks C. precedes D. requires（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.I was most favorably struck by the assurance with which the boy answered all my questions.A. insurance B. confidence C. reluctance D. independence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.As the case of Amit

3、ar Ray and his family exemplifies, professional immigrants are among the most rapidly _ first because of their occupational success and second be- cause of the absence of strong ethnic networks that reinforce the culture of origin.A. assimilated B. consumed C. accustomed D. fascinated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.

4、D.5.Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.A. on themselves B. on not making a faultC. to a fault D. to remain ahead（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The general opinion is that he is _ to complain.A. so much a milquetoast B

5、. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milquetoast D. so much of a milquetoast（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The star of the show is a _ performer who acts, sings, and dances with equal facility.A. changeable B. pretentious C. versatile D. near-sighted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Communication orally involves more than read

6、ing or talking, gesture, posture, movements may all be_to it.A. intrinsic B. coherent C. appealing D. submissive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Equipment not _ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.A. conforming to B. consistent with C. predominant over D. providing for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D

7、.10.The area is _ with trails, some as wide as boulevards, that have been cut and maintained by elephants.A. blackmailed B. latticed C. isolated D. galloped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Helplessly she blinked up at him, feeling a slow lethargy creep through her whole body.A. provision B. cylinder C. contradic

8、tion D. exhaustion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The newspaper reported on the initiative of the organization to establish a private company to professionally _. prisoners due to be released from prison.A. habilitate B. rehabilitate C. preclude D. prelude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Lincoln, former president of the Uni

9、ted States, is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.A. sturdy B. obstinate C. permanent D. manifest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to_any future need for busing.A. sig

10、nificant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reducesB. significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reducesC. increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reducesD. increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.T

11、he study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to _ students enthusiasm in learning English.A. hold back B. hold off C. hold down D. adopt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The most significant measure we should take to stop terrorists is to_them of material and moral support from within the count

12、ry.A. squeeze B. eliminate C. prevent D. deprive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The Supreme Court _ the judgement of the lower court in that case last week.A. amplified B. affirmed C. ascended D. applauded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.And the topic “fat“ is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing

13、the trim and _ of youth.A. vague B. vigor C. vogue D. vulgar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicines job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain.A. immortal B. immune C. lethal D. toxic（分数：1.00）A.B.C

14、.D.20.What _ did they employ when they selected this picture as the prizewinner?A. criterion B. regulation C. way D. test（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Australia provides the only separate, _ laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinction occurred.A natural continent-sized B natural and continent-sizedC co

15、ntinent-sized natural D continent-sized and large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.A plow is a farm _ used to break the soil before seeds are planted.A instrument B appliance C device D implement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.Quite a lot of people watch TV only to _ time.A. waste B. spend C. kill D. pass（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.

16、Upton Sinclair, an American writer of the 20th century, showed his _ genius for recreating social history in his novels.A. original B. particular C. unique D. uncommon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of _ g

17、rouping is advisable.A. homogenous B. instantaneous C. spontaneous D. anonymous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Tom is ordered to be present at the important meeting,_.A. rain or shine B. more or lessC. sooner or later D. for good（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.He didnt do so well in the race _ his training.A. for all B. ab

18、ove all C. in all D. after all（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.If all the viruses on the planet were to disappear, a global catastrophe would _ , and the natural ecosystems of the earth would collapse in a spectacular crash under burgeoning populations of insects.A. varnish B. disperse C. contaminate D. ensue（分数

19、：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Before Columbus set sail on his first voyage of discovery, many pooh-poohed his chances, and were unwilling to _ on his chances of success.A. make bets B. make the bet C. make a bets D. make bet（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Five score years ago, a great American, _ symbolic shadow we stand, s

20、igned the Emancipation Proclamation.A. with his B. in whose C. by him D. of whom（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The forest from which Man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community of Earth. In terms of Mans brief life it appe

21、ars permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to the forester it represents the climax of a long succession of events.No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements of temperature and moisture and, in ages past

22、, virtually every part of Earths surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favour of plant life, a fascinating sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.First to colonize the barren land are the low

23、ly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris accumulates, and mosses establish a shallow root-hold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the

24、 developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete dominationclosing their ranks and forming a climax community which may endure for thousands of years.Yet even this community is not

25、everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for pasture or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a secondary succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds calmed

26、by the wind, by birds and lodged in the coats of mammals.For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast machine storing energy and the many elements essential for life.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the forest strike mankind as permanent?A. The trees are so tall.B. It is renewed each season.C. O

27、ur lives are short in comparison.D. It is an essential part of our lives.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What has sometimes caused plants to die out in the past?A. Interference from forestersB. Variations in climateC. The absence of wooded landD. The introduction of new types of plants（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In a

28、 “primary succession“, what makes it possible for mosses to take root?A. The type of rockB. The amount of sunlightC. The amount of moistureD. The effect of lichens（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What conditions are needed for shrubs to become established?A. Ferns must take root.B. The ground must be covered wi

29、th grass.C. More soil must accumulate.D. Smaller plants must die out.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why is a “secondary succession“ quicker?A. The ground is more suitable.B. There is more space for new plants.C. Birds and animals bring new seeds.D. It is supported by the forest.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(

30、总题数：1，分数：5.00)Direct advertising includes all forms of sales appeals, mailed, delivered, or exhibited directly to the prospective buyer of an advertised product or service, without use of any indirect medium, such as newspapers or television. Direct advertising logically may be divided into three br

31、oad classifications, namely, direct-mail advertising, mail order advertising, and unmailed direct advertising.All forms of sales appeals that are sent through the mails are considered direct-mall advertising. The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a

32、 product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the products local distributors. The direct-mall appeal is designed also to support the sales activities of retailers by encouraging the continued patronage of both old and new customers.When no personal selling is involved, other methods are ne

33、eded to persuade people to send in orders by mail. In addition to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, other special devices, order promotions are designed to accomplish a complete selling job without salespeople.Used for the same broad purposes as direct-mail advertising, unrolled direct-m

34、ail advertising, includes all forms of indoor advertising displays and all printed sales appeals distributed from door to door, handed to customers in retail stores or conveyed in some other manner directly to the recipient.With each medium competing keenly for its share of the business, advertising

35、 agencies continue to develop new techniques for displaying and selling wares and services. Among these techniques have been vastly improved printing and reproduction methods in the graphic field, adapted to magazine advertisements and to direct-mail enclosures; the use of color in newspaper adverti

36、sements and in television; and outdoor signboards more attractively designed and efficiently lighted. Many subtly effective improvements are suggested by advertising research.（分数：5.00）(1).Direct advertising _.A. includes all forms of sales appeals to the prospective buyerB. is produced mainly for ne

37、wspaper or televisionC. is an activity by which real products are shown to buyersD. uses post as a chief means to contact prospective buyers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Direct-mail advertising _.A. uses letters as a chief means of providing informationB. sends old customers detailed information about new pr

38、oductsC. uses letters to tell prospective buyers about the local sellersD. sends over the prospective buyers sample products by parcels（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “prospective“ in the first sentence of the passage means _.A. would be B. prosperousC. rich D. old（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The chief functi

39、on of unmailed advertising is _.A. to send sample products from door to doorB. to familiarize the customers with the productsC. to deliver the products directly to the retail storesD. to send information about the products in quick ways（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the last paragraph we learn _.A. direc

40、t advertising is the best way to promote a productB. companies are trying to find the best way to sell their productsC. advertising is becoming enriched by the research in this areaD. old ways of advertising is giving ways to new ways of doing it（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：8.00)I saw a

41、 television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others are satisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish so

42、aps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weigh

43、t, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering-and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I dont recommend this-and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria

44、are unavoidably, inevitably-and, usually, utterly benignly-a part of our world.The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, do

45、orknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.The only way common food poisoning bacteria can m

46、anage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried aboutfood poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you dont make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, dont worry about bacteria.

47、Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.In practice, the issue is less c

48、lear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and h

49、and-washing products. The other used ordinary products For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning-and found to be essentially the same. According to Dr. Gerbas research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and le