【考研类试卷】考博英语-627及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-627 及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：25.50)1.Unless (they are so permitted) by the attending (physician), no visitors or relatives (can) enter, the (patients) roomA. they are so permitted B. physician C. can D. patients（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The prime minister tried to act but

2、her plans were _ by her cabinet.A. frustrated B. discussed C. embellished D. overlooked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.He is often inclined to _ in other peoples affairs, which is none of his business.A. manipulated B. lumberedC. meddle D. littered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Communication skills seem to count for little

3、in comparison with reputation _ invitations to speak.A when it came to B when causingC when it comes to D while resulting from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The examination has been cancelled. You _ all that review, after all.A. didnt need to do B. neednt doC. neednt have done D. neednt to do（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.

4、He is a very _ character; he is never relaxed with strangers.A) self-confident B) self-conscious C) self-evident D) self-serving（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Trade relationships between the two countries will improve if their _ leaders could agree on the proposed quotas.A. respectable B. respective C. respectf

5、ul D. respecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Lincoln, former president of the United States, is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.A. sturdy B. obstinate C. permanent D. manifest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.And (so early) every morning (therefore), but not before the infant (bathed), (did she betake) her

6、self to the outhouse.A. so early B. therefore C. bathed D. did she betake（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Their air of cheerful self-sacrifice and endless complaisance won them undeserved praise, for their seeming gallantry was wholly motivated by a _ wish to avoid confict of any sort.A. poignant B. sincere C. l

7、audable D. cowardly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.It is not enough to observe behavior and _ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A. correlate B. comply C. correspond D. pertain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.Once the price of the land has been_, we can go ahead to build the house.A. agreed on B. agr

8、eed to C. agreed at D. agreed with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The appeal for funds did not_much response.A. drag B. elicit C. tempt D. attract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.With all his experience abroad he was a major asset to the company.A. candidate B. applicant C. manger D. resource（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He worked as

9、 a builder in London and _ half his monthly wage to his family in the Philippines.A. refunded B. reposed C. remitted D. rebuffed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Havent I told you I dont want you keeping _ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?A. company B. acquaintance C. friends D. place（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17

10、.He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief- _, he is the greatest devil I ever know.A. as a consequence B. as a ruleC. as a matter of fact D. as a matter of routine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticides.A. instituted B. constituted C. prosecuted D. distribut

11、ed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong_on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A. motivation B. perspective C. impression D. impact（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Another popular misconception is the that great talent is usually highly spec

12、ific.A. notion B. dilemma C. domain D. analogy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.An embarrassing blunder nearly _ his career before it got off the ground.A. eradicated B. blighted C. decayed D. deteriorate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.The new military junto suppressed dissent.A. initiated B. quashed C. supported D. reinstat

13、ed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.It isestimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.A.estimated B.a life expectancy C.decade D.it drastically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunnin

14、g and _ were often more effective than military might.A. artifice B. strength C. wisdom D. beauty（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.An investigation that is _ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction.A. timely

15、B. unguided C. consistent D. subjective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.The private detective, having received new information from a confidential source, narrowed down the _ of his enquiry into the case.A. aspect B. sphere C. dimension D. scope（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.As far as rank is concerned, an associate profes

16、sor is _ to a professor, though they are almost equally knowledgeable.A attached B subsidiary C previous D inferior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.He was busy writing the essay all the morning, only _occasionally to have a cup of tea.A. breaking off B. breaking out C. breaking D. breaking away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2

17、9.The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke _.Aignited Bimmersed Cemitted Dhugged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.The badly wounded soldiers take_.for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt.A. priority B. measures C. chance D. responsibility（分数：1.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：

18、6.00)For reasons yet to be fully understood, one out of ten human beings in the world is left-handed, and from one generation to the next, this ratio is roughly preserved. As we know, left-handedness cuts across socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender lines. Yet throughout history prominent figures in sci

19、enceto say nothing of religionhave identified in left-handedness signs of viciousness or worse. In 1903, Italian physician Cesare Lombroso identified left-handedness as one of the degeneracy signs of the born criminals. Three years later, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess suggested that left-handedness was a relia

20、ble identification of homosexuality. And in 1937 British psychologist Cyril Burt declared left-handedness to be a mark of an ill-organized nervous system.As demonstrated by all the “therapeutic“ coercion that left-handed children were subjected to during the first half of the 20th century, these bia

21、ses had more than just a theoretical impact. Yet even when this gauche predilection was being discouraged, handism was certainly never taken as seriously as racism or sexism now is. Perhaps its the arbitrary nature of the trait that has militated against meaningful discrimination. After all, even wh

22、en both parents are right-handed, there is still a 10 percent chance that they will bring a left-handed baby into the world. Moreover, a white baby born in Scaresdale is just as likely to be left-handed as a black baby in Harlem. Hence when the left-handed George Bush became President of the United

23、States, it was hardly interpreted as a blow against prejudice. Nor was much attention paid to the fact that Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford were also southpaws.（分数：6.00）(1).Left-handedness is _.A. a thing that is cultivatedB. a thing that occurs by pure chanceC. a thing of genetic inheritanceD. a thin

24、g that occurs more in prominent figures（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, left-handedness _.A. is discouraged but not discriminated againstB. has caused discrimination as serious as sexism and racismC. is a subject that has drawn more and more attentionD. is an advantage in running for p

25、ublic office（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “handism“ in Line 3 Paragraph 2 most probably means _.A. being skillful with ones handsB. quality of being convenientC. discrimination against left-handed peopleD. encouragement to use both hands instead of one（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “southpaws“ at the

26、 end of the passage means _.A. a boxer from the southB. a politician from a southern stateC. a person with extraordinarily large handsD. a left-handed person（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Judging from the context, Scarsdale is a place inhabited by _.A. white people B. black people C. mixed races D. rich peopl

27、e（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animala p

28、oisonous snake or a wildcatwe do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking ones own, but if we ta

29、ke account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal manindeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal manman rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggle

30、s. We are always using tile words “us and them“. “Our“ side is perpetually trying to do down the “other“ side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of “us“ and “them“ is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic“ politics. Although there are no v

31、ery serious consequences to many of this modem psychological representation of the “us and them“ emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has p

32、ermitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them“ blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in

33、 Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater pri

34、mitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted.（分数：6.00）(1).A suitable title for this passage would be _.A. Wily Human Armies Are FormedB. Man s Anger Against the WorldC. The Human Capacity for RageD. Early Straggles of Angry Mail（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Acc

35、ording to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is _.A. its lengthy and complex developmentB. a conflict such as is now going on in Northern IrelandC. that we do not fly into a temper more oftenD. that we reserve anger for mankind（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The passage suggests that _.A. histori

36、cally, we have created an “us“ versus “them“ society B. humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal groupingC. the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided dominationD. the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).From the passage we ca

37、n infer that _.A. the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happensB. games are psychologically unhealthyC. any artificially created subspecies would be our enemyD. the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in mans activities（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D

38、.(5).The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is _.A. founded in historical fact B. deceptiveC. apparent D. accurate（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：7.50)The need for solar electricity is clear, it is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuously

39、available, and is has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photovoltaic devices is economics, but until recently very little progress has been made toward the development of low-cost photovoltaic devices. The larger part of research funding has been devoted to study of single-cry

40、stal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence, including that of the leading manufacturers of crystalline silicon, that the technique holds little promise. The reason for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon is the active element in the very successful semiconductor in

41、dustry, and virtually all of the solid state devices contain silicon transistors and diodes. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells.Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While

42、 single crystal silicon has been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and scarce materials such as gallium arsenide can have even higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more than 100 to make them practical for commercial

43、use. Beside the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have been some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon, which are lower in cost than high-quality single crystals. But

44、to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost arrays have been unacceptably small. Moreover, these materials are cheaper only because of the introduction of disordering in crystalline semiconductors, and disorder degrades the efficiency of crystalline solar cells.This dilemma can be avoide

45、d hy preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials. That is, they have only short-range order rather than the long-range periodicity of crystals. The advantages of amorphous solar cells are impressive

46、. Whereas crystals can be grown as wafers about four inches in diameter, amorphous materials can be grown over large areas in a single process. Whereas crystalline silicon must be made 200 microns thick to absorb a sufficient, amount of sunlight for efficient energy conversion, only I micron of the

47、proper amorphous materials is necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of $100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of about 50 per square foot.Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never

48、 be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception about the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the material in the dark which is relevant, but only the photocon

49、ductivity, that is the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well above 6 percent have been developed using amorphous materials, and further research will doubtless find even less costly amorphous materials with higher efficiencies.（分数：7.50）(1).The author is