【考研类试卷】考博英语-634及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-634 及答案解析(总分：112.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.50)1.A laser beam is used to _even the hardest substance.A. light up B. repair C. identify D. penetrate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.The new law allows you to _ payment if you think a bill is incorrect.A. withhold B. withdraw C. wither D. withs

2、tand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.It is probably both that he is going to the meeting on time _ by the morning traffic jam.A. and that he might be delayed B. or that he might be delayedC. and he might be delayed D. otherwise that he might be delayed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The composers soon began to write musical d

3、ramas _ about Bible stories in church. A. to perform B. performing C. to be performed D. be performed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment.A. destruction B. pollution C. expense D. mercy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In a fog the _ is very poor,A. prob

4、ability B. flexibility C. reliability D. visibility（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The small group of onlookers presented a pathetic sight and did nothing to help the drowning child.A. pitiable B. unreasonable C. depressing D. immoral（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.We made plans for a visit, but _ difficulties with car preve

5、nted it.A. subordinate B. succeed C. successive D. subsequent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.A. advanced B. growing C. front D. back（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.While he was not dumber than an

6、 ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.A. helpful B. merciful C. enthusiastic D. intelligent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor _ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.A. incident B. event C. ease D. affa

7、ir（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.A most _ argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in.A trivial B delicate C minor D miniature（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.I _ that you and Jim and Bill have all finished this work.A. doubt B. show C. display D. suspect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14

8、.Ms. Rice, with customary class, simply expressed hope that this episode wouldnt _ the charity in spite of the previous scandals.A. taint B. enhance C. sprain D. sponsor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.They are both very determined people, so there s rather a _ of personalities.A. debate B. disagreement C. conte

9、st D. clash（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.There are quite a few people who are willing to prostitute their intelligence for a mess of pottage.A蝇头小利 B一锅粥 C眼前利益 D钱财（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.A altitude B latitude

10、C multitude D attitude（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.(It can be argued) that the problems, even something (as fundamental as) the (ever-increased) world population, have been caused by (technological advance).A. It can be argued B. as fundamental as C. ever-increased D. technological advance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19

11、.Early signs of _ seen in the herbal medicine study are extremely encouraging and based upon these data, we are now planning a registration program.A. faculty B. reception C. deterioration D. efficacy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Edmund likes to drive at a speed_the traffic limit. I wonder how he always manag

12、es to escapeA. having exceeded, to be fined B. exceeded, having been finedC. to exceed, to fine D. exceeding, being fined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.He didnt notice me in the crowd; but he spotted my sister who was _ because of her red hair.A. conscious B. conspicuous C. dim D. conscientious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D

13、.22.Next time you have a problem, think about how you can improve the situation instead of _ all the negative aspects.A. dwelling on B. counting on C. barking on D. touching on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.Export of handicraft products is the mainstay of the countys economy.A. rich resources B. primary concer

14、n C. only source D. main support（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.When Ph. D candidates _ their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offered by the prospective universities.A. anticipate B. assume C. apply D. demand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.My boss insists on seeing everything in_before he makes a d

15、ecision.A. black and blue B. red and blueC. black and white D. green and yellow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The reception was attended by various _ members of the local community and representatives of regional industries.A. protuberant B. conspicuous C. prominent D. projecting（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.27.The farmers

16、 were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at_.A. danger B. stake C. loss D. threat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlooked B. praise C. condemned D. satisfied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.In scores of experiments, scientists

17、are changing the genetic endowments of plants and animals, and the results could_ a revolution in farm fields, feedlots and dairy barns.A. Spawn B. bring C. instigate D. plot（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.Space is full of unseen hazards among which are cosmic rays.A. dangers B. ventures C. galaxies D. prospect

18、s（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：11.00)Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that when released from a presynaptic serotonin-secreting neuron causes the transmission of a nerve imp

19、ulse across a synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic, or target, neuron. There are two major reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a molecular structure similar to that of serotonin. In addition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry fol

20、lowing administration of hallucinogens invariably reported changes in serotonin levels.Early investigators correctly reasoned that the structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might imply that LSD s effects arc brought about by an action on the neurotransmission of serotonin in the brain. Unf

21、ortunately, the level of technical expertise in the field of brain research was such that this hypothesis had to be tested or, peripheral tissue ( tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of scientists reported than LSD powerfully blockaded serotonin s action, their conclusions were quickly c

22、hallenged, however. We now know that the action of a drug at one site in the body does not necessarily correspond to the drug s action at another site, especially when one site is in the brain and the other is not.By the 1960 s technical advances permitted the direct testing of the hypothesis that L

23、SD and related hallucinogens act by directly suppressing the activity of serotonin secreting neurons themselvesthe so called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned that if the hallucinogenic drags act by suppressing the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons, then drugs administered after the

24、se neurons had been destroyed should have no effect on behavior, because the system would already be maximally suppressed. Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucinogens on behavior. Thus hallucinogenic drugs apparently do not act directly on

25、serotonin-secreting neurons.However, these and other available data do support an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis). The fact that LSD elicits “serotonin syndrome“, that is, causes the same kind

26、s of behaviors as does the administration of serotonin in animals whose brains are depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through the release of stores of serotonin. The enhanced effect of LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be

27、due to a proliferation of serotonin receptor sites on serotonin target neurons. This phenomenon often follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites appears to be a compensatory response to decreased input. Significantly, this hypothesis is sup

28、ported by number of different laboratories,（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin?A. The suppression of the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons by the administration of h

29、allucinogens.B. The observed similarities in the chemical structures of serotonin and hallucinogens.C. The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain.D. Serotonin-induced changes in the effects of hallucinogens on behavior.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(2).It can b

30、e inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because_ .A. a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggestedB. no research was reported that supported the hypothesisC. research results provided evidence to counter the hypothesisD. the hypothesis was supported only by studies of a

31、nimals and not by studies of human beings（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ale passage?A. Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the brain ant on behavior.B. Researchers have spent

32、 an inadequate amount of time developing theories concerning the way in which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur.C. Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the serotonin receptor sites located on target neurons in the brain.D. Researchers

33、have recently made valuable discoveries concerning the effects of depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(4).The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions?A. How can researchers control the effects that LSD has o

34、n behavior?B. How are animals reactions to LSD different from those human beings?C. What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior?D. What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately the effects of LSD on behavior?（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.Motorola Inc., the worlds second

35、-largest mobile phone maker, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the call phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a

36、neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for th

37、e computer beard, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chip

38、s and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts .said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch(等级) engineering culture, is hoping to prof

39、it from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technol

40、ogy in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on“ network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone bus

41、iness because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, B

42、urgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the users whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.（分数：6.00）(1).The word “slump“ in the first paragraph may be

43、replaced by _.A. slouch B. declineC. increase D. stamp（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).According to this passage, Motorola Inc. _.A. is the worlds largest mobile phone makerB. is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC. will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD. is goi

44、ng to sell all its manufacturing plants（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Analysts dont think that _.A. Motorola will be successfulB. the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitorsC. its competitors will want to buy the technology from itD. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips（分数：1

45、.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The technology supplied by Motorola is based on _.A. Bluetooth features B. MP3 audio capabilityC. Global Positioning System D. GPRS standard（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customer

46、s should pay more.B. Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.C. Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D. Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Researchers have studied the poor

47、as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty-creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of mass culture and active produc

48、ers of a “counterculture“, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of labor - to mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research.The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as

49、 interesting and important an object for poverty research as the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions (and omissions) upon the living conditions of the poor. Many socia