【考研类试卷】考博英语-637及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-637 及答案解析(总分：99.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：24.50)1.The frequent _ from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness.A. transmissions B. transactions C. transformations D. transitions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.All parts of this machine are _ , so that it is very simple to get

2、 replacements for them.A. specialized B. standardized C. minimized D. modernized（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others _ at art or basketball?A. work B. gaze C. aim D. excel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.(A large collection of) contemporary photographs, (including) some tak

3、en by Mary (are) on display (at) the museum.A. A large collection of B. including C. are D. at（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I decided to get in touch with him _ after I received his letter.A. promptly B. quicklyC. hastily D. urgently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is said that science has become too complex to acknowled

4、ge the existence of uni versal truths.A. address B. declare C. affirm D. Perceive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything_go- ing on in the world.A. it is B. there is C. as is D. what is（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.While watching television, _.A. the telephone ra

5、ng B. we heard the telephone ringC. we heard the telephone rang D. the telephone was rung（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Despite the fact that they were _when they married, alter 30 years they live together harmoniously.A. contradictory B. incompatible C. contrary D. compatible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Paul is an _ wo

6、rker, and rarely does well in examinations. However he often refuses our help.A. errant B. erroneous C. erratic D. exotic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.While modulation/demodulation technology was being standardized for the most recent modems, several other peripheral standards were also being developed.A. aux

7、iliary B. notable C. relevant D. elemental（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.A. pageant B. patronage C. paradox D. pendulum（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I suggest that you offer your _ to a publisher at later date.A manual B manuscript C m

8、aneuver D miniature（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.After our computer network _for the third time that day, we all went home.A. crashed B. collided C. smashed D. fell（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.Despite the end of the Cold War, defense and civil industrial interests in “small“ science are_.A as stronger as before B as p

9、owerful as is expectedC as strong as ever D as more powerful as expected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.When a newspaper prints an inaccurate date for an event, universal chagrin results.A. discomfiture B. amusement C. reprisal D. loss of profit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Customer service stands out as the area where W

10、estNet falls most behind, with 43.8 percent of its users in the survey saying “its security does not come_“.A. up to scratch B. up in the air C. up to date D. up to the minute（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.Those who _ the weather as a conventional opening seem to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish

11、 to talk.A. dispose B. dispatch C. dismiss D. despise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _ and should be avoided if possible.A. constructive B. productive C. descriptive D. relative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The ex-president had been _ in the country to refresh his

12、mind before he passed away.A. given to walking B. given a walkC. given for a walk D. giving a walk（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Walking is Britains most popular outdoor _ and is the most pleasant and satisfying way of discovering the countryside.A. pastime B. recreation C. entertainment D. pursuit（分数：0.50）A.B

13、.C.D.22.It is in the chairman of the boards interest, before a meeting, to _ with the directors about sensitive matters.A. confer B. contend C. conspire D. consort（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Some corpses were so badly dismembered that they couldnt be identified as men or women.A. dismissed B. severed C. dis

14、persed D. disposed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The discrepancy in the company accounts is _ so that no auditor could have failed to notice it.A spontaneous B conspicuous C notorious D superfluous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.During their first teacher training year, the students often visited schools for the _ of less

15、ons.A observation B investigation C inspection D examination（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.The village lies over the mountain and is _ only by boat.A. acceeded to B. available C. accessible D. obtainable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Current data suggest that although _ states between fear and aggression exist, fear and

16、aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.A. simultaneous B. serious C. partial D. transitional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28._ flees if one is constantly subjected to demeaning orders.A. Prime B. Harassment C. Conceit D. Pride（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.The language experts believe that t

17、he _ age for learning a foreign language is 6 years old.A. conceptual B. considerateC. optimal D. component（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.I must have hung _ for ten minutes before the telephone operator put me through.A. up B. round C. on D. over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One

18、(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The latest clock to be invented is a “language clock“ which helps us to determine the dates of certain occurrences. This clock requires neither engines, springs, pendulums, nor electricity.In 1950 some research workers in America discovered that languages change at a steady rate throu

19、gh the centuries. They organized their investigation in the following ways. First, they prepared a list of 200 things for which there are common words in every language. Then they compared these words in modern languages with the ancient languages from which the modem ones had developed. They found

20、that for a certain proportion of the 200 things, the ancient words continued to be used, though written or pronounced differently. But in other cases the ancient words had been replaced by new words which had been introduced into the language.After a thousand years, on the average, 81% of the old wo

21、rds (162 of the 200 words) were still in use. After 2000 years, on the average, 81% of these 162 words (or 66% of the original to tal of 200) remained. After 3000 years, 81% of these 131 words (or 53% of the original number) remained in use, and so on.Next this group of research workers investigated

22、 situations where two different languages had developed separately and independently, from the same ancient language, (In modern times, of course, such situations are very unlikely to occur. Why?) They found that after 1,000 years, as be fore, each daughter language shared only 66% of the basic 200-

23、word vocabulary. Each daughter language, as before, derived 81% of its 200 words from the original parent language. But (as you might expect) the words which they kept were not quite the same. The proportion of words actually shared by the daughter languages was therefore 81% of 81%, which is 66% of

24、 the original 200 words. After 2000 years they shared 66% of 66% of the words, i.e. 43% of the original vocabulary. And after 3000 years they shared only 29% of the original vocabulary.A long time ago, some Eskimos, speaking the Eskimo language, left the mainland of Alaska and began to live in a gro

25、up of islands (called the Aleutian Islands) at some instance from the coast. Recently, research workers compared the islanders language with the modern Eskimo language. They found that the Aleutians and the Eskimos shared only 29% of the words, on the stand ard list. From this fact the investigators

26、 were able to calculate the date of the event referred to at the beginning of this paragraph.（分数：6.00）(1).From the passage, we can infer that language clock is _.A. a mechanic clock B. a figurative clockC. an electronic clock C. a diamond clock（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).American researchers found that the

27、 language clock could help _.A. count the exact time by yearsB. decide when the language came into beingC. make sure when the Aleuts left the mainlandD. determine how the time changed（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).To invent the language clock the researchers studied and compared _.A. tile pronunciation of lan

28、guage in different yearsB. the spelling of some languages in different centuriesC. the vocabulary of languages in different timesD. the grammar of some languages in different times（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).Generally speaking, after 4 000 years, on the average, the percentage of the 200 original words whi

29、ch remained in use was _.A. 81% B. 66% C. 43% D. 29%（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?A. After 3 000 years, each daughter language shared only 29% of the basic 200-word vocabulary.B. Some Aleuts are the descendants of Eskimos on the mainland o

30、f Alaska.C. The language clock can help to determine the dates of certain events.D. Through thousands of years languages change only in vocabulary.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)And researchers say that like those literary romantics Romeo and Juliet, they may be blind to the consequenc

31、es of their quests for an idealized mate who serves their every physical and emotional need.Nearly 19 in 20 never-married respondents to a national survey agree that “when you marry you want your spouse to be your soul mate, first and foremost.“ according to the State of Our Unions: 2001 study relea

32、sed Wednesday by Rutgers University.David Popenoe, a Rutgers sociologist and one of the studys authors, said that view might spell doom for marriages.“It really provides a very unrealistic view of what marriage really is.“ Popenoe said. “The standard becomes so high, its not easy to bail out if you

33、didnt find a soul mate.“The survey points to a fundamental dilemma in which younger people want more from the institution of marriage while they seemingly axe unwilling to make the necessary commitments.The survey also suggests that some respondents expect too much from a spouse, including the kind

34、of emotional support rendered by same-sex friends. The authors of the study also suggest that the generation that was polled may more quickly leave a margin because of infidelity than past generations.Popenoe said the poll, conducted by the Gallup Organization, is the first of its kind to concentrat

35、e on people in their 20s. A total of 1, 003 married and single young adults nationwide were interviewed by telephone between January and March. The margin of error was plus or minus four percentage points.Respondents said they eventually want to get married, realize its a lot of work and think there

36、 are too many divorces. They believe there is one right person for them out there somewhere and think their own marriages wont end in divorce.Since the poll is the first of its kind, researchers say it is impossible to say if expectations about marriage are changing or static.But scholars say the se

37、arch for soul mates has increased over the last generationand the last centuryas marriage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility.“One hundred years ago, people married for financial reasons, for tying families together, they married for political reasons,“ said John DeLam

38、ater, a sociologist at the University of Wisconsin. “And most people had children.“Those conditions are no longer the case for young adults like David Asher, a 24-year waiter in a Trenton caf6 who has been in a relationship for about two years. He wants to wait to make sure hes ready to exchange vow

39、s.“I know a lot of it has to do with financial reasons,“ he said. “Maybe if youre going to have children, marriage is the best bet.“But the main reason for matrimony: “If youre in love with someone, its sort of like promising to them you are in love.“Thats all well and good, said Heather Helms-Eriks

40、on, an assistant professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, but passionpartly in endorpincaused physiological phenomenonhas been known to diminish in time.（分数：6.00）(1).Whats the best title of this passage?A. Marriage Scholars Worry Search for

41、 “Soul Mates“ is Unrealistic.B. People Should Seek for Romeo and Juliet.C. Marriage Should Happen between Soul Mates.D. Search for “Soul Mates“ Should be Superseded by Reality.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The new study in this passage shows that _.A. many Americans are very practical when they search for a

42、spouseB. American 20-somethings have a largely romantic view of marriageC. Romantic view of marriage might lead marriage to a happy endingD. Americans are fond of marriage life so they will not care cohabitation（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with whic

43、h of the following statements regarding marriage?A. It usually involves idealized mates who can serve their every physical and emotional need.B. It may not be realized unless the couple consider carefully about their responsibility and commitment.C. It becomes more unrealistic nowadays than in the p

44、ast because most people center on romance instead of utility.D. It results from many reasons such as financial reasons, family reunion, and political reasons.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is not one of the differences between this generation and the past generations as far as marriage

45、is concerned?A. The young people nowadays require more from marriage but they seem not to be willing to make necessary commitments.B. This generation expects too much from their spouses and they cannot keep to be faithful to their husbands or wives.C. The young people at present pay more attention t

46、o look for soul mates than the past generations when they search for partners.D. Now some young people usually marry for the same reasons as the older generations such as financial one and children.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following sentences will Heather Helms-Erikon use to illustrate her

47、own argument?A. “Ten years into a marriage, you will still have great passion and you notice someone else and say, Only my wife or husband is my soul mate.“B. “The romantic part of marriagewhile it can be thereshould not be substituted by other things such as shared values and social status.“C. “The

48、 couple should focus on the three Cscommunication, conflict resolution and commitmentto make marriage the first priority.“D. “Ten years into a marriage, you dont have that any more and you notice someone else and think, Maybe this person is my soul mate./（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.0

49、0)This week marks the 10th anniversary of the Alar apple scare, in which many American consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemical Alar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of