【考研类试卷】考博英语-641及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-641 及答案解析(总分：82.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：11，分数：29.50)1.To their great surprise, they found the floodwater had damaged the buildings foundation.A. underlain B. underlined C. undertaken D. undermined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Although the end of the term was close _, Jim had not completed all

2、of the projects he had hoped to finish.A. on hand B. by hand C. at hand D. in hand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.“Our life is _ away by detail. Simplify, simplify. “ That dictum of Henry David Thoreaus, echoing from the days of steamboats and ox-drawn plows, had long haunted me.A. frittered B. quenched C. repro

3、ached D. scouted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.His theories were so _ that few could see what he was trying to establish.A. logical B. scholarly C. theoretical D. vague（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.We knew (so little) about (equipments), (disposal) techniques, the (whole) thing.A. so little B. equipments C. disposal D. wh

4、ole（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturers warranty that he will replace any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles.A. prohibition B. insurance C. prophecy D. guarantee（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Many of the students have a grasp of the main structures, a reaso

5、nable vocabulary and a(n)_idea of how to pronounce most words they come across.A. faint B. vague C. obscure D. rough（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became (1) in a variety of aerobic activiti

6、es, and (2) thousands of health spas (3) around the country to capitalize on this (4) interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed (5) to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their (6) was not

7、 on aerobics, (7) on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, (8) , and endurance in their primarily male (9) . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit (10) from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs (11) fe

8、w, if (12) , health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly (13) for males and for females. Many (14) programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. (15) , most physical-fitness tests have usually includ

9、ed measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily (16) such fitness components have been related to (17) in athletics. (18) , in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might als

10、o offer some health (19) as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now (20) that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.（分数：20.00）(1).A. imposed B. engaged C. confined D. illustrated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. affluently B. eligibly C. gorgeously D. literally（分数：

11、1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. enhanced B. manifested C. developed D. established（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. emerging B. hovering C. intriguing D. mingling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. prior B. entitled C. liable D. subjected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. action B. focus C. cement D. snap（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. or B. or else C

12、. and D. but rather（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. strength B. nutrition C. tolerance D. ambition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. practitioners B. enthusiasts C. referees D. recipients（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. financially B. particularly C. legitimately D. excessively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. presented B. offered C. i

13、ndicated D. demonstrated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. something B. some C. anything D. any（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. popular B. vigorous C. intelligible D. formidable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. current B. primitive C. uneven D. incredible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. practically B. Eventually C. Essentially D. His

14、torically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. because B. if only C. although D. now that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. performance B. harassment C. identification D. portrayal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Anyway（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. advantages B. benefits C. interests D. profits（分数：1

15、.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. recommends B. reassures C. speculates D. mediates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The victims of drunken driving in America over the past decade _ an incredible 250, 000, with three killed every hour of every day on average.A. take up B. add up to C. count for D. turn out to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.

16、These machines have been idle for the past month.A. been troublesome B. been working wellC. not been in service D. not been running at all（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Among the first to come and live in North America _, who later prospered mainly in New England.A. had been Dutch settlers B. Dutch settlers we

17、re thereC. were Dutch settlers D. Dutch settlers had been there（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)At no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it s estimated that more

18、than two thirds of the word s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water-will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon.Another ser

19、ious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury?London is a good example. It was the world s first big city-the first with a po

20、pulation of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the worlds first underground railway. But its transport systems are now hopelessly out-of-date, and need urgent modernization. London s future success depends very much on transport.O

21、ver a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is fragment, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about disorder

22、, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yet, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 percent today.As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, t

23、here has been a growing realization that action is needed.（分数：6.00）(1).It is believed that _.A. overpopulation causes the problems in citiesB. two-thirds of the world s population are living in cities todayC. it isn t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities todayD. with fewer people, we woul

24、d be free from any problems（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The pronoun “They“ (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to _.A. the London citizensB. those who commute to London from other placesC. managers who are anxious about their staff getting to workD. passengers who make complaints（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).“Environmentally f

25、riendly“ (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _.A. cheap and convenientB. fair to all passengersC. like a friendly neighborD. pleasant and unpolluted（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4)._ of the households in London owned a car in the early 1950s.A. Exactly 10%B. A little more than 10%C. Far less than 10%D. O

26、ver 60%（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The following paragraph would most probably deal with _.A. train and air travelB. traffic jams in LondonC. possible solutions to London s poor transportationD. car ownership that continues to grow（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Forty years ago no one was conc

27、erned about the health of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being over harvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the sea, and developers were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days, the magnitude of the problems was small, even though it was obvious that i

28、f the trends continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didnt understand, nor did they care. Unfortunately many of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse had we, and others, not taken action to inform people about th

29、e ocean and the need to protect it.During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we have used every medium availablepersonal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predeces

30、sors. Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them, exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates. I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as th

31、e most impersonal medium yet developed.For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electronic marvels, Im swimming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find Im not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immense

32、ly rewarding. I have been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: We recently completed a CD-ROM, Jean Michel Cousteaus World: Cities Under the SeaCoral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented Our Cities Under t

33、he Sea CD-ROM to a group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concepts and how they directed their own learning process, thanks to the flexibility of the medium. It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer r

34、ewarded them when they got the correct answers.I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to understand how precious and vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected an

35、d used wisely. Hopefully the next generation will do a better job than mine has. I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am counting on the Internet to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action. I am counting on young people with their idealism and ene

36、rgy to create a better futureit is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians.（分数：6.00）(1).Forty years ago people were indifferent to the health of the ocean because _.A. the ocean was immune to any pollution thenB. they didnt know what would come of if the ocean was deadly disruptedC.

37、there was no computer thenD. there wasnt any problem with ocean at that time（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the writer believes that _.A. the computer is as smart as human beingsB. the computer is friends with human beingsC. human beings can interact with th

38、e computer and do what they want at their willD. human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The writer went to Fuji to _.A. participate in a celebrationB. teach children there how to use the computerC. make an adventure in the seaD. spend the holiday on the

39、seashore（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The writers attitude to the prospect of the ocean is _.A. desperate B. unconcerned C. optimistic D. pragmatic（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, who shall we fall back on for a better future for the environment?A. Our predecessors B. Politicians C. Computers D

40、. Young people（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Ask an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But dont bother, heres the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we le

41、arned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy store book rack, next to typical kids books like “Heather Has

42、Two Mommies and Daddy is Dysfunctional“. Its a teachers guide called “Happy To Be Me“, subtitled “Building Soft-Esteem“. Serf-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it “whole langu

43、age“ teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was “th

44、e subject“, be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that “near“, “fit“, “friendly“, “pleasing“, “like“ and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived my school years beneath a torrent of

45、castigation so consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed. Whereas I learned English, modem kids learn something called “language skills“. Whe

46、reas I learned writing, modem kids learn something called “communication“. Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, twenty per cent tone of voice, and fifty per cent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn

47、at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in “How to Win Friends and Influence People“. Consider the new attitude toward journal writi

48、ng: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in dimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper.“Happy To Be Me“ states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch

49、 with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use “great“ or “hopefully“ that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for “Unit“) was not to he