【考研类试卷】考博英语-643及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-643 及答案解析(总分：86.55，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：29，分数：24.75)1.All of the dental instruments need to be _ before the next patient is seen.A. heated B. scalded C. sterilized D. burned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.After years of research, Charles Drew devised a procedure for preserving plasma.A. transpor

2、ting B. saving C. reusing D. labeling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.His strange behavior had greatly _ me and my friends as well that evening.A. perplexed B. exhausted C. exclaimed D. exceeded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _ the risks

3、and benefits.A. valuing B. evaluating C. estimating D. weighing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are imaginary.A. fascinating B. factitious C. fastidious D. fictitious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The word “foolish“ is too mild to describ

4、e your behavior, I would prefer the word _.A. ideological B. idyllic C. idiotic D. idiomatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact _ she knows about it is all sadly out of date.A. so little B. that much C. what little D. how much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The Commissio

5、n found instances where police officers had lied under oath, _ evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.A. entailed B. fabricated C. cleansed D. precluded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.There are three bodies of writing that _ on this question and we will consider each in turn.Abear

6、Blive Ccount Drely（分数：0.25）A.B.C.D.10.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which _ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A. rejects B. denies C. deprives D. restricts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.The new secretary has written a remarkably _ re

7、port only in a few pages but with all the details.A. concise B. clear C. precise D. elaborate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The picnic _ at last after being twice postponed.Acame off Bcame up Cput on Dwent on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Through the discussion they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of

8、womens emotions.A. cleverness of B. knowledge of C. prediction of D. perception of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.As always, I had to fight the_to take what she willingly offered.A. fascination B. attraction C. attention D. temptation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure. He did

9、 not believe that was his lot.A. submit B. commit C. transmit D. permit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16._ touching in Henrys stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people straggle to maintain their dignity.A. Most is B. It mostly is C. Is it most D. What is most（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.A Monitor/TIPP poll last

10、month found that young people and seniors held similar views when asked to _ the importance of US military action to remove Saddam Hussein from power in the next months.A. advocate B. foresee C. supervise D. gauge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The car _ halfway for no reason.A. broke off B. broke down C. broke

11、 up D. broke our（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.Packaging is designed so as to encourage impetuous shopping.A. extravagant B. careful C. impotent D. impulsive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.When we (think of) creative people the names that probably (spring to mind) are (those of) men such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso,

12、 great artists, inventors and scientists(a selective) and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius.A. think of B. spring to mind C. those of D. a selective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The doctor promised that this medicine would _ the pain in the stomach.A. affirm B. agitate C. alleviate

13、D. allocate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _ at a garage sale.A trifled with B scraped through C stumbled upon D thirsted for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.City officials are considering building a path to give the public _ to the site.A recreat

14、ion B excess C excursion D access（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.The teacher gave the students extra work because she was _ by all the noise and talking in the classroom.A. interrupted B. degenerated C. terminated D. exasperated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies _ up

15、on the personnel by the government of the project-host country.A. imposed B. imported C. improved D. impressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women s status in society will_ through the current law system in that country.A. permeate B. violate C. probe D. grope（分

16、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.It is difficult to discern the sample that is on the slide unless the microscope is adjusted properly.A. overlook B. disclaim C. discard D. detect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.One word describes what makes Singapore work: discipline.A. punishment B. regulation C. unemployment D. salary（分数：1.

17、00）A.B.C.D.29.His evident_to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personality B. character C. fidelity D. morality（分数：1.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living

18、 things depends on the existence of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The

19、 parasitic way of life is widespread. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebratesor creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms) make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In

20、the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their environment. These substances are capable of killing or

21、 inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by diseasecausing fungi or bacteria, many kind

22、s of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of

23、“foreign“ cells. In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms, shellfish, and all vertebrates (creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically c

24、ompatible or closely related individuals.The ability to distinguish between “self“ and “nonself“, while present in all animals, is roost efficient among vertebrates, which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism. The immune system recognizes and takes action against foreign invade

25、rs and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How parasites reproduce.B. How organisms react to invaders.C. How antibiotics work to cure disease.D. How the immune system of vertebrates developed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “intri

26、cate“ in line 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. difficult B. widespread C. critical D. complex（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, some organisms produce antibiotics in order to _.A. prevent disease in humans B. aid digestionC. fight off other organisms D. create new types of nutrients（分数：1.

27、00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue _.A. becoming a parasite B. being treated as an invaderC. altering its genetic makeup D. developing a new immune system（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to t

28、he passage, the ability to distinguish between “self“ and “nonself“ enables vertebrates to _.A. accept transplanted cells B. detect and react to invasionC. weaken their immune system D. get rid of antibiotics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There are four basic types of competition in bu

29、siness that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly (商品供应垄断) to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure

30、competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase.In contrast, in monopolistic competition several companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If t

31、he price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts (折扣) are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales.Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline car

32、riers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to cust

33、omers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual.Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In the

34、se cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Monopolies B. The Commodity MarketC. The Competition Continuum D. The Best Type of Competition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).An example

35、 of a product in monopolistic competition is _.A. corn B. electricity C. airline tickets D. coffee（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “tolerated“ in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by _.A. permitted B. reserved C. criticized D. devised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author mean by the statement “Alt

36、hough price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously also usual“?A. It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at the same time.B. It is common for companies to compete for customers by loweri

37、ng prices.C. Customers may lose money when companies have price wars.D. Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterward.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “it“ in paragraph 3 refers to _.A. a product or service B. competitionC. revenue D. oligopoly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Thre

38、e(总题数：2，分数：9.80)The American Presidential Gala of 1993Mixing populism and celebrity, Clinton dances into office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.The Party was held in a way never seen since World War . Many movie and music stars showed u

39、p, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs like “You know Bills gonna get this Country straight. “ “93! You and me! U-hi-tee! /Time to past with Big Bill and Hillaree. “The stars came out in constellation because they recognized Clinton one of their own.Not just that he plays

40、the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough lawyer,like most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Clinton is a beacon of middle-class charm, a love of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And he is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols dire

41、ctly to the people on TV, without the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes for a wondrous 90s blend of show biz and politic.“This is our time,“ Clinton said in his Inaugural Address. “Let us embrace it.“ Last week he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huge bear Presi

42、dent needs to feel the publics approval.At one of the balls of the week, Clinton was like the college student who drops in the night before the exam to show hes one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram.Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the c

43、harm, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of liberal dreams). He will need to be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, “the gap between our words and our deeds.“During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: “We must disenthrall ourselves, and then

44、 we shall save our country.“ Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mouthed the words as Olmos spoke them. Clinton must have realized that, in a different sense and different era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Hollywood stardust and facing facts.In 1992 Cli

45、nton vended optimism; now he must be careful in saying so. He sold the nation a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it doesnt get the stains out, the electorates high hopes could sour into despair. Then the man called Hope will be

46、come the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.（分数：4.80）(1).The meaning of “Clinton dances into his office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs“ in the first paragraph is

47、_.AClinton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guestsBClinton went into his office followed by, rich film stars and musicians wanted to be hugged by the presidentCClinton started his term of presidents work with a week-long gala of celebrities and music to celebrate

48、 the eventDClinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and music to please the film stars and important people（分数：1.60）A.B.C.D.(2).By saying “Bills gonna get this Country straight“, the party attendants believe that_.Amoney bills are important in getting things done for the United S

49、tatesBthe president has got to do a wonderful job to save AmericaCClinton will change the United States to a free countryDClinton is going to solve the problems of the United States（分数：1.60）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is true?_.AAt one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then