【考研类试卷】考博英语-644及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-644 及答案解析(总分：127.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：24.50)1.Her own interests as a mother (brought into play) by her (concern over) the education and welfare of her children, the city (in which) they lived, (and such) municipal facilities as playgrounds, schools and parks.A. brought into

2、 play B. concern over C. in which D. and such（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.I expect I shall go and see her _, but no regularly.A. actually B. sincerely C. merely D. occasionally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Packaging is designed so as to encourage impetuous shopping.A. extravagant B. careful C. impotent D. impulsive（分数：1

3、.00）A.B.C.D.4.I was told that the woman was indifferent _ hardships and dangers.A. of B. at C. with D. to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5. High-grade written paper is frequently obtained from cotton rags.A. High-grade B.written C.frequently D.obtained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The police have asked for the _of the public

4、 in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child.Aaward Bco-operation Cposition Dhelpfulness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.An old woman was badly hurt in _ the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.A. that B. which C. what D. whatever（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Early signs of _ seen in the herbal medicine s

5、tudy are extremely encouraging and based upon these data, we are now planning a registration program.A. faculty B. reception C. deterioration D. efficacy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Two thirds of the U.S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater _ the continuing practice of picking white

6、bench warmers for the sake of balance.A. was it not because of B. had it not been forC. were it not for D. would it not have been for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs _ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.A. renders

7、B. reckons C. regards D. relates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Juliet is not at work. She is taking a _until the end of this week.A. vocation B. vacation C. vacancy D. volume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The tomato juice left brown _ on the front of my jacket.A. spot B. point C. track D. trace（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Althoug

8、h he has had no formal education, he is one of the _ businessmen in the company.A shrewdest B sternest C nastiest D alertest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.There is no doubt that the _ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige B. superiority C. priority D. publicity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Many people

9、nowadays _ an oath that he will never get married.A. quote B. swear C. declare D. claim（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The _ of his first complaint led him to contemplate pursuing stronger methods to obtain satisfaction.A. success B. eminence C. efficiency D. inefficacy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.It is a myth that the

10、law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore re quirements for_.drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests.A. specific B. generic C. intricate D. acrid（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18._ mother-to-be Cherie Blair stunned the party by wearing a sensational violet silk trouser suit whi

11、ch she had specially made for the big night.A. Radial B. Radiant C. Radical D. Racial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the bodys need for it from natural sources without turning _ the salt bottle.A. up B. to C. on D. over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.If the existi

12、ng rules are retained, the 20 per cent of decisions that now require _ agreement will prove far harder to reach.A. unanimous B. uniform C. identical D. equivalent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly _as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter

13、 and not survival itself.Acrucial Bcentral Ccasual Dcausal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.The meal was excellent; the sour-pepper soup was particularly _.A. addicted B. delicious C. tasteful D. desirable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.We made plans for a visit, but_difficulties with car prevented it.A. subordinate B. succe

14、ed C. successive D. subsequent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Koon has _ himself in a world of commercialism that most modern artists disdain.A. engrossed B. obsessed C. fascinated D. preoccupied（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.43 By _ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars

15、.A coarse B rude C crude D rough（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.With prices _ so much, it is impossible for the company manager to stick to the original budget.A. waving B. swinging C. fluctuating D. vibrating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The guest turned upside down his glass as a signal that he would drink no more.A. c

16、onversed B. inversed C. traversed D. reversed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.During the 19th century, Jews in most European countries achieved some equality of status with non-Jews. Nonetheless, at times Jews were harassed by anti-Semitic groups.A. opposed B. exploitedC. despised D. annoyed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.G

17、rant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant _, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.A. on themselves B. on not making a faultC. to a fault D. to remain ahead（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.She wanted desperately to turn the flower-painted china _ on the apple- green

18、door, and go through, but somehow she could not.A. frame B. pole C. pan D. knob（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：11.00)Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that when released from a

19、 presynaptic serotonin-secreting neuron causes the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic, or target, neuron. There are two major reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a molecular structure similar

20、 to that of serotonin. In addition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry following administration of hallucinogens invariably reported changes in serotonin levels.Early investigators correctly reasoned that the structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might imply that LSD s effects arc brou

21、ght about by an action on the neurotransmission of serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, the level of technical expertise in the field of brain research was such that this hypothesis had to be tested or, peripheral tissue ( tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of scientists reported than

22、 LSD powerfully blockaded serotonin s action, their conclusions were quickly challenged, however. We now know that the action of a drug at one site in the body does not necessarily correspond to the drug s action at another site, especially when one site is in the brain and the other is not.By the 1

23、960 s technical advances permitted the direct testing of the hypothesis that LSD and related hallucinogens act by directly suppressing the activity of serotonin secreting neurons themselvesthe so called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned that if the hallucinogenic drags act by suppressing

24、the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons, then drugs administered after these neurons had been destroyed should have no effect on behavior, because the system would already be maximally suppressed. Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucino

25、gens on behavior. Thus hallucinogenic drugs apparently do not act directly on serotonin-secreting neurons.However, these and other available data do support an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis).

26、 The fact that LSD elicits “serotonin syndrome“, that is, causes the same kinds of behaviors as does the administration of serotonin in animals whose brains are depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through the release of stores of sero

27、tonin. The enhanced effect of LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be due to a proliferation of serotonin receptor sites on serotonin target neurons. This phenomenon often follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites appears to be a c

28、ompensatory response to decreased input. Significantly, this hypothesis is supported by number of different laboratories,（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin?A. The suppres

29、sion of the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons by the administration of hallucinogens.B. The observed similarities in the chemical structures of serotonin and hallucinogens.C. The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain.D. Serotonin-induced cha

30、nges in the effects of hallucinogens on behavior.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because_ .A. a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggestedB. no research was reported that supported the hypothesisC. research results provided evidence

31、 to counter the hypothesisD. the hypothesis was supported only by studies of animals and not by studies of human beings（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ale passage?A. Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects

32、of hallucinogenic drugs on the brain ant on behavior.B. Researchers have spent an inadequate amount of time developing theories concerning the way in which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur.C. Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the s

33、erotonin receptor sites located on target neurons in the brain.D. Researchers have recently made valuable discoveries concerning the effects of depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(4).The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the

34、 following questions?A. How can researchers control the effects that LSD has on behavior?B. How are animals reactions to LSD different from those human beings?C. What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior?D. What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately th

35、e effects of LSD on behavior?（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the

36、rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of biotechnology.China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West to aggressively pursue genome research. Its establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientifi

37、c base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brink of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities

38、open to them.For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U. S But Asias other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing Chinas potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships and Chinas advancement in the field of biotech

39、nologycould help benefit the rest of Asia: Chinas rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region. In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor populationand those of other Asian countriescan afford.Th

40、ere remain, however, serious barriers to the development of a strong biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards. China is a signatory of the International Bio Safely Protocol, which

41、 should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. “The regulations look good, but I havent met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to“,says a European science analyst.If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent

42、 scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no matter how strict lab test are, other problems lie in wait. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years to fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little prote

43、ction if they take a product to market in China.（分数：6.00）(1).The mouse on display is most significant in that_.Ait has an ear in the shape of a human earBit is unusually small and ugly as a starCit is the focus of the media at the exhibitionDit indicates Chinas progress in biotechnology（分数：1.00）A.B.

44、C.D.(2).The phrase “on the brink of a boom“ (Line 5, Para. 2) in the context means_.Ahaving an edge in competition Bin great demandCon the way to success Dpreparing for challenge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the field of biotechnology China is thought to_.Ahave been making an utmost effort learning from t

45、he WestBhave become a country among the advancedChave been able to rival the United States and EuropeDhave launched a biotechnological revolution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating with China in biotechnology because_.Ait has made extraordinary con

46、tributions to the worldBit has large supplies of talents and advanced research centersCits research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countriesDits cooperation with the U. S. and Europe proves profitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Science analysts are worried that China, in the course of bioteeh develop

47、ment,_.Amight refuse to join efforts to adhere to global standardsBmay put too much emphasis on developing cheap technologyCcannot afford to fulfill years of tasks in assessing patentsDmay not seriously follow the International Bio Safely Protocol（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).As implied in the context, the s

48、hortcuts that might be taken include_.Apublicizing recent achievements in the official pressBthe protection of innovators with their productsCthe violation of intellectual-property rightsDmaking lab tests as strict as possible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Potentially offering a powerf

49、ul new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a novel way to detect deception: in the liars blushing face.The technique, described in the journal, Nature, uses a thermal camera to detect sudden, involuntary shifts of blood flow in the face. The system performed as accurately as a traditional polygraph, the scientists report.Yet the camera can provide answers i