【考研类试卷】考博英语-648及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-648 及答案解析(总分：86.54，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：27.50)1.Already the class is _ about who our new teacher will be.A foreseeing B contemplating C speculating D fabricating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Can you imagine! He offered me $ 5000 to break my contract. Thats _, of course I didnt agree. I w

2、ould take legal action.A. fraud B. blackmail C. bribery D. compensation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The _ of such I. Q. tests full of questions on American culture was not questioned at that time.A. significance B. validity C. efficiency D. justification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The language experts believe that the

3、 _ age for learning a foreign language is 6 years old.A. conceptual B. considerateC. optimal D. component（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment.A. execution B. excursion C. expansion D. extinction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.She _ because she found t

4、he journal interesting.A. subscribed B. prescribed C. described D. inscribed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.In certain types of quartz, bands of color form an irregular pattern.A. shades B. cautioned C. motivated D. requested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.I could never spend the time that he does pouring over sports magazin

5、es, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.A. delicate B. incomprehensible C. meaningless D. complicated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Coach Green allowed John to join the basketball team although, _, he was not tall enough.A. economically B. technically C. methodically D. intellectually（分数：1.00）A.

6、B.C.D.10.Do you have an afternoon _ this week to meet the President?A. obtainable B. available C. visible D. reliable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.While nuclear weapons present grave _ . dangers, the predominant crisis of over population is with us today.A. inevitable B. constant C. overwhelming D. potential（

7、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that in Tokyo.A. contemptuous B. contagious C. conspicuous D. contemplated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13._ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone im

8、portant or famous.A. A compliment B. Pal adulatory C. Flattery D. Praise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Banks shall be unable to _, or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A. write off B. put aside C. shrink from D. come over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In mountainous regions,

9、 much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice.A. hauled B. compressed C. compiled D. harnessed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.There are always a lot of straw polls before the general election of the President in the United StatesThere are always a lot of straw polls before the general election of the Presi

10、dent in the United StatesA无效投票 B拉拢选票 C民意测验 D正式投票（分数：1.00）A.无效投票B.拉拢选票C.民意测验D.正式投票17.This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts.A. determined B. demonstrated C. administrated D. distinguished（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The modern age is a permissive one in which things can be sai

11、d explicitly, but the old traditon of _ dies hard.A. talkativeness B. exaggeration C. condemnation D. euphemism（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.He was busy writing the essay all the morning, only _occasionally to have a cup of tea.A. breaking off B. breaking out C. breaking D. breaking away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20._,

12、 the factories had not closed, and those who needed work most were given a chance to survive during the econmic disaster.A. Unintentionally B. Mercifully C. Importunately D. Tragically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Its a simple bed with a basic metal frame but at the head on the right there is a leather _for r

13、estraining the victims.A. strip B. strap C. stripe D. slit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The manager threw a party _ the group of computer experts from the United States.A. in honor of B. in favor ofC. in welcome of D. in celebration of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.No other newspaper columnist has managed as yet to of r

14、eadership.A. though B. in spite of this C. even D. so far（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.When solid changes to liquid, it _ heat from all substances near it and this reduces the temperature surrounding it.A. takes in B. takes onC. takes off D. takes down（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.He sent me an _ biography of Theodore

15、Roosevelt which helped me understand American history better.A. authorized B. authoritative C. authoritarian D. authority（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.The hum of conversation _ as the chairman mounted the rostrum.A. died out B. died off C. died of D. died away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.So if you are in a tea room so

16、mewhere and there is a group of high-spirited women wearing red hats and purple dresses, you will know are merely taking advantage of one of the most effective and inexpensive antidotes for aging acceptance laced with humor.A. we B. you C. they D. the red hats and purple dresses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.O

17、ur country was founded on the lofty principles of freedom and justice for all. Our lofty principles ought to be _.A. faced up to B. looked up to C. lived up to D. made up to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium.A. millionaires B. endorsements C. go

18、vernments D. donations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.If you want to get into that tunnel, you have to _ away all the rocks.A repel B haul C transfer D dispose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the cod

19、ification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role do

20、es a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topograph

21、ically but rather in terms of its effect upon othersthe effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perjury,“ we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. 0nly pr

22、operties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentionedin perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place,

23、a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goe

24、s into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a role of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn “rule“ behavior.The effect of a law upon the con

25、trolling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although

26、 presumably not novel. In order to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided am

27、ong special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is “not under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmen

28、tal action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：7.02）(1).In the development of a government agency, _.A. The standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB. the function of law is importantC. the study of ordinance is the most importantD. practic

29、e is more important than criterion（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is _.A. the result on the individuals behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB. the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC. the result of a behavior on o

30、rdinary citizensD. both A and B（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the example “committed perjury“ illustrate?A. The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.B. It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.C. Behavior which tends to

31、avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.D. Both B and C（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is _.A. punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB. rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to inc

32、rease government controlC. a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD. any governmental reinforcement（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(5).Why are laws formed?A. laws are made before a contingencyB. Laws are made after a contingencyC. A contingency always happens before a law is a

33、pproved and passedD. laws are passed to stand the test of time and are applicable to other similar circumstances in the future（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.(6).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?A. The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyB. Government agencies ha

34、ve to compromise with factual conditionsC. Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitD. laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence（分数：1.17）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.

35、00)Among the most enduring of all horrors is the prospect of a slow, painful death. Those who witness the protracted terminal illness of a friend or relative often view the eventual death more as a relief than a tragedy.But to make life-or-death decisions on behalf of a dying person unable to commun

36、icate his or her wishes is to enter a moral and legal minefield. Could a doctor be sued for withholding treatment and allowing someone to dieor for not allowing him or her to die? Could it ever be lawful to withhold food and water?Legal moves are afoot which may settle these questions. Recently, a g

37、roup on voluntary euthanasia proposed legislation to make documents known as “Advance Directives“, or Living Wills, legally binding.An Advance Directive sets out the kind of medical treatment a person wishes to receive, or not receive, should he or she ever be in a condition that prevents them expre

38、ssing those wishes. Such documents, much in vogue in the US and some Commonwealth countries, are becoming increasingly popular in Britain.A clear distinction must be drawn between actions requested by an Advance Directive, and active euthanasia, or “mercy killing“. A doctor who took a positive step

39、such as giving a lethal injection-to help a patient die would, as the law stands, be guilty of murder or aiding and abetting suicide, depending on the circumstances.An Advance Directive, however, requests only passive euthanasia: the withholding of medical treatment aimed solely at sustaining the li

40、fe of a patient who is terminally ill or a vegetable. The definition of medical treatment, in such circumstances, can include food and water. The enforceability of the Advance Directive stems from the notion, long accepted in English law, that a person who is both old enough to make an informed deci

41、sion and compos mentis, is entitled to refuse any medical treatment offered by a doctor, even if that refusal leads to the persons death. A doctor who forces treatment on a patient against his or her wishes is, therefore, guilty of an assault. Case law exists in the US and several Commonwealth count

42、ries that extends this right of autonomy over ones life to patients who write an Advance Directive refusing treatment and subsequently lose their previously made instructions any differently.（分数：5.00）(1).It will be a relief over the death of a friend or a relative if the friend or relative dies from

43、 _.A. a traffic accident B. an acute infectious diseaseC. heart attack D. a three-year coma (昏迷)（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is an Advance Directive?A. A decision made by a doctor on how to end a patients lifeB. A hospital document on how to treat a terminally iii patient.C. A wish made by a patient on

44、 how he will be medically treated.D. A law that prohibits mercy killing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A doctor will be guilty of murder if he _.A. advises a patient to draw up his Advance DirectiveB. refuses to carry out an Advance DirectiveC. prescribes a medication that will quicken the death of a terminal

45、 patientD. stops giving medication to terminally iii patient according to his Advance Directive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to traditional English law, _.A. a person could refuse medical treatmentB. a person should not endanger his life by refusing medical treatmentC. a person should not refuse me

46、dical treatmentD. a doctor could force his patient into accepting his treatment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the authors attitude toward the Advance Directive?A. It should be made legally binding in Britain.B. Its morally questionable.C. It is the same as mercy killing,

47、 and therefore should not be encouraged.D. It runs counter to traditional English law.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There are so many bad things about women drivers, I dont know where to start. I guess I will get the bail rolling by talking about one of my biggest pet peeves. Why do

48、 women have to wait until they are in the car and barreling down the highway at sixty miles an hour before they decide it is time to put on their makeup?Is there a law that I dont know about that says women have to do their makeup in the car because the bathroom isnt good enough for them? I dont kno

49、w if anyone has ever informed women, but the mirror in the car is not a makeup mirror. The mirror is used for looking at other cars and pedestrians. So please do us all a favor and do your makeup before you leave the house.The next order of business for the men should be to find out whose brilliant idea it was for women to have a phone in the car. This has disaster written all over it. Everyone knows that women cant eve