【考研类试卷】考博英语-649及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-649 及答案解析(总分：100.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.00)1.The assessment center gives each applicant the opportunity to _ whether they are suited to the work.A. exemplify B. demonstrate C. expose D. exhibit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past fe

2、w months, marveling at his_spirit and his unfailing good temper.A. variant B. gallant C. pertinent D. solitary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.There are strict laws about exporting_ animals.A. alive B. living C. lively D. live（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.There has been an increase in attendance at lectures _ by the World A

3、ffairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.A. developed B. sponsored C. advanced D. promoted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Since the energy crisis, these big cars have become a real liability. They cost too much to run.A. lack of reliability B. substituteC. costly means of transport D

4、. disadvantage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.He is confronted with the moral dilemma of whether to steal a drug he cant afford so that he can save his wifes life.A. met B. baffled C. faced D. squeezed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.A. protect B. relieve

5、 C. conserve D. free（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.His evident _ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personality B. character C. fidelity D. morality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.John Locke, the well-known 18th century English thinker, emphasized experience as the _ condition for ex

6、pansion of human knowledge.A. incompatible B. incredible C. indefinite D. indispensable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _ the exit as quickly as possible.A. made off B. made for C. made out D. made up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.The color blue is a _ of calmness.A toke

7、n B representation C tone D expression（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.Young peoples social environment has a _ effect on their academic progress.A gross B solid C profound D complete（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Mr. Li is the present _ of the presidential chair of the company.A. transaction B. prescription C. professor D

8、. incumbent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.She has_some brilliant scheme to double her income.A. come out B. come up with C. come to D. come about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Monkeys are excellent climbers, and most are _ tree dwellers.A. often B. primarily C. rarely D. savagely.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.I hope that youll be

9、more careful in typing the letter. Dont_anything.A. lack B. withdraw C. omit D. leak（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.If you call the 911 emergency number, they will _ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A. assign B. detach C. attach D. dispatch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The retired engineer plunked down $50,

10、100 in cash for a midsize Mercedes as a present for his wifea purchase_with money made in the stock the week before.A. paid off B. paid through C. paid out D. paid for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Thick with trees and sparse with homes, this tranquil area 50 miles north of Hous ton could be a slice of heaven.

11、A. molten B. serene C. isolated D. snobbish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _.A. firm B. company C. corporation D. enterprise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Did he really expect her to smile now and_with his plans, treat all this deception as no more t

12、han an unusual diversion?A. fall in B. put off C. agree to D. stand up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.I could see that my wife was _ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not.A adequate for B intent on C short of D deficient in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.The teacher spoke highly of such _ as loyalty, courag

13、e and truthfulness shown by his students.A virtues B features C properties D characteristics（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.Your advice would be_valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Though he refused any responsibility

14、for the failure of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right to_ himself: it was his_ that had caused the debacle.A. blame. skill B. congratulate. modestyC. berate. largesse D. absolve. acrimony（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Not until the advent of histochemistry could the anatomist see through the microscope w

15、hich cells carry specific enzymes or gauge how active these enzymes are in different cells under various conditions.A. discern B. graspC. measure D. estimate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.in 1955 Martin Luthor King, Jr., gained national _ for his nonviolent methods used in a bus boycott in Montgomery.A. realiz

16、ation B. permission C. recognition D.revolution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics_.in turn evolved the politics of our modern world.A. of which B. from which C. on which D. by which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.When a system is

17、 unjust to the _, abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands.A. end B. excess C. core D. bottom（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible _.A. attack B. threat C. lesson D. revenge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数

18、：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：9.00)Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that when released from a presynaptic serotonin-secreting neuron causes the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse to an adjacent postsy

19、naptic, or target, neuron. There are two major reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a molecular structure similar to that of serotonin. In addition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry following administration of hallucinogens inva

20、riably reported changes in serotonin levels.Early investigators correctly reasoned that the structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might imply that LSD s effects arc brought about by an action on the neurotransmission of serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, the level of technical expertis

21、e in the field of brain research was such that this hypothesis had to be tested or, peripheral tissue ( tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of scientists reported than LSD powerfully blockaded serotonin s action, their conclusions were quickly challenged, however. We now know that the ac

22、tion of a drug at one site in the body does not necessarily correspond to the drug s action at another site, especially when one site is in the brain and the other is not.By the 1960 s technical advances permitted the direct testing of the hypothesis that LSD and related hallucinogens act by directl

23、y suppressing the activity of serotonin secreting neurons themselvesthe so called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned that if the hallucinogenic drags act by suppressing the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons, then drugs administered after these neurons had been destroyed should have n

24、o effect on behavior, because the system would already be maximally suppressed. Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucinogens on behavior. Thus hallucinogenic drugs apparently do not act directly on serotonin-secreting neurons.However, these

25、and other available data do support an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis). The fact that LSD elicits “serotonin syndrome“, that is, causes the same kinds of behaviors as does the administration o

26、f serotonin in animals whose brains are depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through the release of stores of serotonin. The enhanced effect of LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be due to a proliferation of serotonin recepto

27、r sites on serotonin target neurons. This phenomenon often follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites appears to be a compensatory response to decreased input. Significantly, this hypothesis is supported by number of different laboratories,

28、（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin?A. The suppression of the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons by the administration of hallucinogens.B. The observed similarities i

29、n the chemical structures of serotonin and hallucinogens.C. The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain.D. Serotonin-induced changes in the effects of hallucinogens on behavior.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the p

30、resynaptic hypothesis because_ .A. a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggestedB. no research was reported that supported the hypothesisC. research results provided evidence to counter the hypothesisD. the hypothesis was supported only by studies of animals and not by studies of human beings（分

31、数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ale passage?A. Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the brain ant on behavior.B. Researchers have spent an inadequate amount of time developing th

32、eories concerning the way in which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur.C. Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the serotonin receptor sites located on target neurons in the brain.D. Researchers have recently made valuable discoveries con

33、cerning the effects of depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(4).The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions?A. How can researchers control the effects that LSD has on behavior?B. How are animals reactions to

34、LSD different from those human beings?C. What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior?D. What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately the effects of LSD on behavior?（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious

35、, unpleasant jobs that are impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much as enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in siz

36、e from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, able to understand some scores of words, and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up

37、the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores, and even baby-sitting (though I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape).Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervis

38、ion, though they might need protection from those exceptional specimens of Homo sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human ove

39、rseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest afterliterally taking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ j

40、obs could be thankfully relinquished by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has plagued so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the deridingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproa

41、ch to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.（分数：4.00）(1).In the authors opini

42、on, the idea that geneticists could produce a super-ape is _.A. irrational B. plausibleC. biologically impossible D. demonstrably true（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The type of job an ape could do without supervision would be one which is _.A. repetitive B. mechanizedC. unusual D. intricate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3

43、).A problem that has plagued some fictional Utopias is _.A. creation of super-apesB. the necessity of breeding super-humansC. the necessity of breeding subhumanD. the degradation of beasts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author of this article is _.A. revealing his low opinion of mankindB. poking fun at gen

44、eticistsC. expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-apeD. presenting a reasonable theory in a humorous tone（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly d

45、isappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed

46、as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was

47、compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the child

48、ren of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific population. Immigrant women were one su

49、ch population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was _. A. the growing number of schools in frontie