【考研类试卷】考博英语-654及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-654 及答案解析(总分：94.27，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：28.75)1.She values the boy as if he were her own son.A. weighs B. treats C. considers D. cherishes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He is often inclined to _ in other peoples affairs, which is none of his business.A. manipulated B. lumberedC. meddle D.

2、 littered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The literary artist, concerned solely with the creation of a book or story as close to perfection as his powers will permit, is generally a quiet individual, contemplative and _.A. effuse B. drowsy C. retiring D. poetic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.He was _ to take over the duties a

3、nd responsibilities of his father from an early age.A. deduced B. dampedC. diminished D. destined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.When we (think of) creative people the names that probably (spring to mind) are (those of) men such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, great artists, inventors and scientists(a selecti

4、ve) and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius.A. think of B. spring to mind C. those of D. a selective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In order to survive now and _ in the future, all the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business.A. maximize B. thrive

5、C. modernize D. remain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.An important objective of both exercises is to develop a structure for rigorously competitive _.A self-review B peer reviewC talk show D peer counseling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8._ but I still like him.A. Selfish though he is B. Selfish as he isC. Whether he is selfi

6、sh or not D. Selfish he may be（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment.A. execution B. excursion C. expansion D. extinction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He hoped the firm would_him to the Paris branch.A. exchange B. transmit C. transfer D. remove（分数：1.

7、00）_11.The room is so _ with furniture that its hard to move about.A. muddled B. cluttered C. distributed D. scattered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.A. life B. birth C. way D. death（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The substance _ ea

8、sily through groundwater, and some communities have experienced acute episodes of water pollution after underground storage tanks ruptured.A perfuses B perscussesC percolates D perforates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The electronic computer is _ some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains.

9、A. taking care B. taking in C. taking off D. taking over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The suggested causes of a given phenomenon cannot always be independently observed, and so it is hard to _ the possibility of there being explanations alternative to the one proposed.Aaccount for Brule out Cguard against Ddo

10、 with（分数：0.25）A.B.C.D.16.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has _ Germanys Touting Car Championship.A. conquered B. contested C. dominated D. determined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.It is still not clear what _ a series of argument between them.A. contributed B. marked C. i

11、gnited D. triggered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment.A. destruction B. pollution C. expense D. mercy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The preserved food should retain palatable appearance, flavor, and texture, as well as its original nutritional val

12、ue.A. tasty B. stylish C. delicate D. notable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.A diet of _ food is served to every hospital patient.A. filthy B. clinical C. nourishing D. stuffy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people (usually strive) for their maximum personal ability rating, (when

13、) they (are challenged) but can be victorious, rather than merely (surmounting the mediocre).A. usually strive B. when C. are challenged D. surmounting the mediocre（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The policeman tried to _ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induce B. abdu

14、ct C. indulge D. lure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile side walk trees gamely straggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.A. turns to B. gives way to C. recedes to D. gets back to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The United States court system is cha

15、racterized by _ hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts.A. double B. complex C. simple D. dual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer.A. take B. decrease C. minimize D. run（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.In 1982, Hitachi was indicted for stealing confidential do

16、cuments from IBM. As part of a court settlement, the company paid IBM hundreds of millions of dollars.A. condemned for B. accused ofC. disciplined for D. disapproved of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.They hit only the smaller people like me, while the politicians will of course _it with money.A. do away with B.

17、 take away with C. make away with D. get away with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The humanitarian claims that he venerates all men, regardless of their position in life.A. loves B. distrusts C. serves D. respects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Two thirds of the US basketball players are black, and the number would be grea

18、ter _ the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.A. was it not because of B. had it not been forC. were it not for D. would it not have been for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.If I may be so _ as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A. generous

19、 B. humbleC. proud D. bold（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanist

20、ic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without denying outright the existence either of a deity or of brute matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them

21、 as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self. Therefore, al

22、l knowledge begins with self-knowledge.This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of times, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American

23、Scholar“ turns out to be simply “Man Thinking“. While, for Whitman, the “Song of Myself“ merges imperceptibly into a song of all the “children of Adam“ where “every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you“.Also common to all the five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness dep

24、end upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies. First, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself. Second, the self-transcen

25、ding impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individuals freedom and self-expressio

26、n. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth th

27、an does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspectiontheir belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychologyand by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume a

28、n organic relationship between the self and the cosmos of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confiden

29、ce in their own moral and metaphysical insights.（分数：7.50）(1).The authors discussion of Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman is primarily concerned with explaining _.A. some of their beliefs about the difficulties involved in self-realizationB. some of their beliefs concerning the world

30、 and the place that humanity occupies in the universal orderC. some of their beliefs concerning the relationship between humanism and democracyD. the way some of their beliefs are shaped by differences in temperament and literary outlook（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The author quotes Whitman primarily in ord

31、er to _.A. show that the poet does not agree with EmersonB. indicate the way the poet uses the humanist ideal to praise himselfC. suggest that the poet adapts the basic premises of humanism to his own individual outlook on the worldD. illustrate a way the poet express the relationship of the individ

32、ual to the humanistic universe（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the five writers object to the scientific method primarily because they think it _.A. is not the best way to obtain an understanding of the relationship between the individual and the cosmosB. is so specialized that it lead

33、s to an understanding of separate parts of the universe but not of the relationships among those partsC. cannot provide an adequate explanation of intuition and imaginationD. prevents people from recognizing the symbolic nature of experience（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred that intuition is i

34、mportant to the five writers primarily because it provides them with _.A. information useful for understanding abstract logic and scientific methodB. the discipline needed in the search for truthC. inspiration for their best writingD. clues to the interpretation of symbolic experience（分数：1.50）A.B.C.

35、D.(5).It can be inferred that the idea of “an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos“ is necessary to the thinking of the five writers because such a relationship _.A. enables them to assert the importance of the democratic ethicB. justifies their concept of the freedom of the individu

36、alC. sustains their faith in the existence of an individualD. is the foundation of their humanistic view of existence（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal (致死的) drug to a

37、 terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable by 12 years in prison. But a

38、 series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“ is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses readily admit to practicing it, most often in th

39、e “passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a, sometimes, fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves upholding sacred principles of res

40、pect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a

41、poll taken last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936, when a bill was introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized mercy killing under very tightly supervised conditi

42、ons. That bill failed, as have three others introduced in the House of Lords since then.Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. Therefore, lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary

43、 cause of death. And the euthanasists argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity,“ by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization (住院治疗).Most experts believe that euthanasia will continue to be practiced no matter wha

44、t the law says.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we can see that in Holland _.A. a doctor who practices euthanasia will not be punishedB. euthanasia is regarded as illegalC. euthanasia is very popularD. active euthanasia is still illegal, but people often tolerate an experienced doctor who carries it o

45、ut（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the comment of the author on the problem of euthanasia?A. Euthanasia is not regarded as a crime in France.B. More and more medical workers like to practice euthanasia, no matter what form it takes.C. The problem of euthanasia is now being debated heatedly and openly.D.

46、 There is not much difference between “active“ and “passive“ euthanasia.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements can not be found in the passage?A. Those opposed euthanasia say that they believe the right to live is sacred.B. Those in favor of euthanasia maintain that they are for huma

47、ne treatment.C. Recently the advocates of euthanasia have got more support from the public.D. More and more people like to have the law changed.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do you think is the standpoint of the author on this problem?A. He is a fence-sitter.B. He is afraid that the situation may get ou

48、t of control.C. He is strongly against euthanasia.D. He supports euthanasia whole-heartedly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the most reasonable cause of euthanasia?A. People dont like to live too long.B. People dont like to suffer from lasting chronic diseases.C. People dont like to b

49、e hospitalized.D. People dont like to become a burden of others.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Industrial production managers coordinate the resources and activities required to produce millions of goods every year in the United States. Although their duties vary from plant to plant, industrial production managers