【考研类试卷】考博英语-662（无答案）.doc

1、考博英语-662 及答案解析(总分：118.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.50)1.Mondays earthquak_.windows and woke residents.A. slammed B. prosecuted C. rattled D. pierced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being _,“ being open to all

2、kinds of art.A. gratifying B. predominating C. excelling D. accommodating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The police have asked for the _of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child.Aaward Bco-operation Cposition Dhelpfulness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.When you get excited, try to hold yourself_.A. up B.

3、down C. off D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I spent the whole day yesterday rearranging my books _ their subjects and frequency of use.A. as regards B. as againstC. as of D. as from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.All the commodities sold in that shop are given one year s _.A. assurance B. warrant C. guarantee D. insuran

4、ce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, _ evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.A. entailed B. fabricated C. cleansed D. precluded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of a

5、ssets held by the Corporation, and the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defers B. curtails C. triggers D. sparks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.How valiant that general who prosecutes a war with vigor!A. brings t

6、o trial B. wages C. praises D. condemns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.It isestimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.A.estimated B.a life expectancy C.decade D.it drastically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.School int

7、egration plans that involve busing between suburban and central city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to_any future need for busing.A. significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reducesB. significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reducesC. i

8、ncreases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reducesD. increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a _.A concession B recession C submission D transmission（分数：0.50）A.B.C

9、.D.13.(The above) is the most important aspect (which) apes (can be told) from (more primitive) social groupings.A. The above B. which C. can be told D. more primitive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The goals and desires_widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A. swing B. vary C. distinguish

10、 D. transfer（分数：1.00）_15.Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes.A. conveys B. defines C. indicates D. explains（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.They eat a lot of meats and dairy foods, along with a lot of _ items tha

11、t dont fall into any Nutrigroup, such as sugar, fat, and condiments.A. redundant B. miscellaneous C. versatile D. trivial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.The reasoning in this editorial is so _ that we cannot see how anyone can be deceived by it.A. coherent B. special C. cogent D. specious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.Bro

12、oding and hopelessness are the _ of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupations B. promises C. frustrations D. transactions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The dispute between the faculty and the administration was not resolved until the faculty members got better working conditions.A. th

13、reat B. argument C. problem D. discussion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.(It can be argued) that the problems, even something (as fundamental as) the (ever-increased) world population, have been caused by (technological advance).A. It can be argued B. as fundamental as C. ever-increased D. technological advance

14、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Their air of cheerful self-sacrifice and endless complaisance won them undeserved praise, for their seeming gallantry was wholly motivated by a _ wish to avoid confict of any sort.A. poignant B. sincere C. laudable D. cowardly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.Ive never_the theory that people a

15、re more important than animals.A. subscribed to B. hung on C. engaged in D. indulged in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.John wishes now that he _ the Spring Festival at home.A. spent B. had spent C. has spent D. did spend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans have brains _ from anc

16、estors that took to living in the trees.A. derived B. progressed C. terminated D.advanced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage_.A. relatively B. actually C. annually D. comparatively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The pioneers greatest asset was not their material wealth

17、but their _.A. fortitude B. simplicity C. companions D. possessions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.The book might well have _ had it been less expensive.A. worked out B. gone through C. caught on D. fitted in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief _, he is the greatest devil I ever know.Aas a con

18、sequence Bas a ruleCas a matter of fact Das a matter of routine（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parents _ to obtain a license.A. sanction B. warrant C. malignance D. affirmation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.The environmental balance among ecological commun

19、ities is exceedingly complex.A. almost B. successfully C. extremely D. rarely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：11.00)Much of the research on hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD has focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical that when released from a p

20、resynaptic serotonin-secreting neuron causes the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic, or target, neuron. There are two major reasons for this emphasis. First, it was discovered early on that many of the major hallucinogens have a molecular structure similar t

21、o that of serotonin. In addition, animal studies of brain neurochemistry following administration of hallucinogens invariably reported changes in serotonin levels.Early investigators correctly reasoned that the structural similarity to the serotonin molecule might imply that LSD s effects arc brough

22、t about by an action on the neurotransmission of serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, the level of technical expertise in the field of brain research was such that this hypothesis had to be tested or, peripheral tissue ( tissue outside the brain). Two different groups of scientists reported than L

23、SD powerfully blockaded serotonin s action, their conclusions were quickly challenged, however. We now know that the action of a drug at one site in the body does not necessarily correspond to the drug s action at another site, especially when one site is in the brain and the other is not.By the 196

24、0 s technical advances permitted the direct testing of the hypothesis that LSD and related hallucinogens act by directly suppressing the activity of serotonin secreting neurons themselvesthe so called presynaptic hypothesis. Researchers reasoned that if the hallucinogenic drags act by suppressing th

25、e activity of serotonin-secreting neurons, then drugs administered after these neurons had been destroyed should have no effect on behavior, because the system would already be maximally suppressed. Contrary to their expectations, neuron destruction enhanced the effect of LSD and related hallucinoge

26、ns on behavior. Thus hallucinogenic drugs apparently do not act directly on serotonin-secreting neurons.However, these and other available data do support an alternative hypothesis, that LSD and related drugs act directly at receptor sites on serotonin target neurons (the postsynaptic hypothesis). T

27、he fact that LSD elicits “serotonin syndrome“, that is, causes the same kinds of behaviors as does the administration of serotonin in animals whose brains are depleted of serotonin indicates that LSD acts directly on serotonin receptors, rather than indirectly through the release of stores of seroto

28、nin. The enhanced effect of LSD reported after serotonin depletion could be due to a proliferation of serotonin receptor sites on serotonin target neurons. This phenomenon often follows neuron destruction or neurotransmitter depletion; the increase in the number of receptor sites appears to be a com

29、pensatory response to decreased input. Significantly, this hypothesis is supported by number of different laboratories,（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is one of the primary factors that led researchers studying hallucinogenic drugs to focus on serotonin?A. The suppressi

30、on of the activity of serotonin-secreting neurons by the administration of hallucinogens.B. The observed similarities in the chemical structures of serotonin and hallucinogens.C. The effects the administration of hallucinogens has on serotonin production in the human brain.D. Serotonin-induced chang

31、es in the effects of hallucinogens on behavior.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the presynaptic hypothesis because_ .A. a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggestedB. no research was reported that supported the hypothesisC. research results provided evidence t

32、o counter the hypothesisD. the hypothesis was supported only by studies of animals and not by studies of human beings（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ale passage?A. Research has suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for the effects of

33、 hallucinogenic drugs on the brain ant on behavior.B. Researchers have spent an inadequate amount of time developing theories concerning the way in which the effects of hallucinogenic drags occur.C. Research results strongly suggest that hallucinogenic drugs create their effects by acting on the ser

34、otonin receptor sites located on target neurons in the brain.D. Researchers have recently made valuable discoveries concerning the effects of depleting the amount of serotonin in the brain.（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.(4).The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the f

35、ollowing questions?A. How can researchers control the effects that LSD has on behavior?B. How are animals reactions to LSD different from those human beings?C. What triggers the effects that LSD has on human behavior?D. What technical advances would permit researchers to predict more accurately the

36、effects of LSD on behavior?（分数：1.25）A.B.C.D.At no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it s estimated that more than two thirds of the word s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This mea

37、ns that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water-will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon.Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world s major cities are alread

38、y struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury?London is a good example. It was the world s first big city-the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engi

39、ne, which powered the worlds first underground railway. But its transport systems are now hopelessly out-of-date, and need urgent modernization. London s future success depends very much on transport.Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the peop

40、le who live in London, want a public transport system that is fragment, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about disorder, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work

41、 on time. Yet, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 percent today.As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action is needed.（分数：6.00）(1).It is believed that _.A. ove

42、rpopulation causes the problems in citiesB. two-thirds of the world s population are living in cities todayC. it isn t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities todayD. with fewer people, we would be free from any problems（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The pronoun “They“ (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to _.A.

43、 the London citizensB. those who commute to London from other placesC. managers who are anxious about their staff getting to workD. passengers who make complaints（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).“Environmentally friendly“ (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _.A. cheap and convenientB. fair to all passeng

44、ersC. like a friendly neighborD. pleasant and unpolluted（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4)._ of the households in London owned a car in the early 1950s.A. Exactly 10%B. A little more than 10%C. Far less than 10%D. Over 60%（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The following paragraph would most probably deal with _.A. train and ai

45、r travelB. traffic jams in LondonC. possible solutions to London s poor transportationD. car ownership that continues to grow（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared. If you end up having to start over, in addition

46、to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one.First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last job with your ex-boss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cut

47、backs, make sure you both have the same explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-boss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance.You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim.

48、Dont panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-out lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather

49、than going to the movies every weekend. Make a note of your job hunting expenses, such as career counselors consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts. By next years tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking