【考研类试卷】考博英语-671及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-671 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：36.00)1.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _ is often the case in other countries.A. as B. what C. so D. that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.And (so early) every morning (therefore), but not befor

2、e the infant (bathed), (did she betake) herself to the outhouse.A. so early B. therefore C. bathed D. did she betake（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Why do Mexican (emigrants) in Los Angeles (tend) to have more children than the (impoverished) peasants living (in Mexico City)?A. emigrants B. tend C. impoverished

3、D. in Mexico City（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I would never have _ a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.A. sought for B. accounted for C. turned up D. resorted to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are

4、_ off.A. avoided B. excluded C. screened D.separated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Simons letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was _.A. vague B. ambiguous C. illegible D. obscure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was

5、 at_.A. wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.California seems to be the home of the homeless since many are often observed tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities.A. roaming B. trimming C. stealing D. stamping（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.“No Tobacco Day

6、“ is the day when the world Health Organization _ to people to stop using tobacco products.A. asks B. applies C. appeals D. urges（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The newspaper reported on the initiative of the organization to establish a private company to professionally _ prisoners due to be released from priso

7、n.A. habilitate B. rehabilitate C. preclude D. prelude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The examination has been cancelled. You _ all that review, after all.A. didnt need to do B. neednt doC. neednt have done D. neednt to do（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The young man who saw the car _ into the river telephoned the police.A

8、. plunged B. plunge C. was plunging D. to plunge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.No one could come Up with an easy solution to Japans labor _.A. decline B. vacancy C. rarity D. shortage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Communication orally involves more than reading or talking: gesture, posture, movements may all be _ to it.A

9、. intrinsic B. coherent C. appealing D. submissive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.His constant attempts to _ his colleagues achievement eventually caused his dismissal.A. withdraw B. diminish C. restrain D. confine（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.The team published their report after three-month investigation which triggere

10、d off a parliamentary debate.A. shot B. delayed C. started D. concluded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has_ Germanys Touring Car Championship.A. conquered B. contested C. dominated D. determined（分数：10.00）A.B.C.D.18.“This park has more than 2

11、00 waterfalls that are 15 feet or higher. And 150 of them have never been mapped or photographed,“ says park historian Lee Whittlesey. “Now thats a _ to the size of Yellowstone.“A. proposition B. hypothesis C. ceremony D. testimony（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The Freedom of Information Act gives private citi

12、zen _ government files.A. release from B. excess of C. redress of D. access to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Probability is the mathematical study of the _ of an events occurrence.A likelihood B desirability C predictability D malleability（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Psychologists clearly have their own marketplace and

13、, _, have a hold on the major portion of the outpatient services rendered to the public.A as stated earlier B stating earlierC as is stated D as was stated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The policeman tried to _ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induce B. abduct C. ind

14、ulge D. lure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.During a period of protracted illness, the sick can become infirm, _ both the strength to work and many of the specific skills they once possessed.A. regaining B. denying C. pursuing D. losing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.Our country was founded on the lofty principles of freed

15、om and justice for all. Our lofty principles ought to be _.A. faced up to B. looked up to C. lived up to D. made up to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The United States (has sent) several (spacecrafts) into orbits (around the earth) and has collected a lot of (information).A. has sent B. spacecrafts C. around th

16、e earth D. information（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.She_his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A. inclined B. declined C. denied D. disinclined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in manageme

17、nt.A. implication B. propaganda C. impulse D. benefit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Natural selection is defined as the process _ the course of evolution by preserving those traits best adapted for an organisms survival.A. to which directs B. of which directs itC. directs it D. that directs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.

18、The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry.A. scope B. magnitude C. dimension D. volume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.When the colonel learned that headquarters had been unable to send him reinforcements, he _ the order for the sche

19、duled attack.A. countermanded B. relinquishedC. rephrased D. invalidated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely landthat is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this

20、 picture? Deserts are drylands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts: it may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a su

21、dden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years.Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the true desert landscape i

22、s the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earths surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and erode the surface f

23、urther. Eight million square kilometers of the worlds land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10,000 years ago, and even animals like elephants and giraffes roamed th

24、e land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming des

25、ert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earths land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The worlds drylands which are under threat include some of the most importan

26、t stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600-700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58, 000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100,000 hectares of cropland am lost each year. At this rate there is a

27、high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planets land surface within one more century unless we am able to do something about it.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the passage tell us about rainfall in the desert?A. It never rains.B. It rains so little that nothing can live.C. It rains u

28、nexpectedly.D. It rains very infrequently.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Desert soils break up and crack because of _.A. the effects of wind and rain.B. the lack of protection from the sun.C. the tropical location of deserts.D. the absence of min.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).What do we learn about deserts from this t

29、ext?A. Deserts can change into green and fertile areas.B. Certain areas have always been desert.C. Deserts were once the home of elephants and giraffes.D. Deserts have been growing since the beginning of the world.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).How much of the worlds land surface is at risk of becoming desert

30、?A. Less than ten million square kilometers.B. Twenty million square kilometers.C. Mom than twenty million square kilometers.D. 30% of the worlds land surface.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the writer think about the creation of new desert areas?A. It is a natural development. B. The problem is not

31、very serious.C. It is a very worrying problem. D. The situation will improve in time.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate t

32、heir fury.Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl aro

33、und it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the s

34、ize of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.Once th

35、e forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. Pe

36、ople in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other it

37、ems from outside and covering windows. People living in low- lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gathe

38、r up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.（分数：5.00）(1).The eye of the hurricane is _.A. the powerful center of the storm B. the part that determines its directionC. the relatively calm center of the storm D. the center of lo

39、w pressure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?A. A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B. A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C. Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D. It is safe to go outsid

40、e once the eye has arrived.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. How to Avoid Hurricane damage B. Forecasting HurricanesC. The dangerous Hurricane D. Atlantic Storms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The low-lying areas refer to those regions that _.A. close to th

41、e ground level B. one-storey flatC. flat houses D. near to the lowest level of hurricane（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting ones house from a hurricane?A. taking out heavy things B. moving in light-weight furnitureC. equipping the house with stones D. covering w

42、indows（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The word science is heard so often, in modem times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meanin

43、g and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge(facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this mason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is

44、 no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact statue of

45、 any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward th

46、at end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for

47、 specific purposes for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of it

48、s immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one-day result in application of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens

49、 the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago, however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is even