【考研类试卷】考博英语-673及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-673 及答案解析(总分：98.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：27.00)1.The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy.A. exaggerating B. aggravating C. amending D. fastening（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.At one time the Democratic Party was considered to be a party standing _ state rights.A. up for B. by C. ou

2、t D. back（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks; acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect.A. recognized B. proved C. got rid of D. multiplied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.However, at times this balance in nature is_, resulting in a num

3、ber of possibly unforeseen effects.A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.His mothers scolding pierced him to the quick.A. froze him completely B. shamed him enormouslyC. hurt him to the core D. stuck in his craw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The modern age is a permissive one in whic

4、h things can be said explicitly, but the old traditon of _ dies hard.A. talkativeness B. exaggeration C. condemnation D. euphemism（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our _ almost two hours later.A. destination B. whither C. respect D. praise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8._ ho

5、w the immature brain prevents seizure-induced cell injury or death could lead to new methods to reduce or prevent seizure damage in adults.A. To understand B. To be understoodC. Having been understood D. Understanding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Mr. Carson thought he was entitled to more assistance from the g

6、overnment.A. had received B. had a right to C. would obtain D. might apply for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The _ of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.A. clash B. clarify C. clarity D. clatter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Initially his book did not receive much attention, but t

7、wo weeks after the critics review appeared in the newspapers, it climbed to the best sellers list.A. At first B. First of all C. At first sight D. From the first（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Some people _ in part the defeat of the revolution in France and Germany to the English diplomacy, do you agree?A. cont

8、ributed B. attributed C. distributed D. owned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Typically, these children of Democrats switched _ and joined the Republican Party during the 1980s.A. authenticity B. arrogance C. alliance D. allegiance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.On the memorable occasion, the soldiers _ the Colonel when he

9、arrived.A. shouted B. solved C. salvaged D. saluted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.The middle-aged woman has been _ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now.A. laid down B. laid off C. laid up D. laid in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.The moon may be considered a world that is complete in itself yet utterly

10、 dead, a sterile, mountainous waste on which (during the day) the sun (blazes down) with great heat, but on which during the night the cold is so intense that it (far) surpasses anything ever (experiencing) on the earth.A. during the day B. blazes down C. far D. experiencing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.What

11、is the _ in going by boat when the plane costs no more and is quicker?A. impression B. meaning C. comprehension D. sense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The crowd _ into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrew B. overthrew C. overpassed D. overflew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The primordial fireball would have

12、been a dense roiling stew of radiation and elementary particles condensing out of the _ energy, annihilating each other, recondensing, then colliding and disappearing all over again.A. colossal B. audacious C. ambient D. autonomous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.He swallows his words so much that I can never _

13、what he is saying.A. make out B. put up C. deal with D. take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A. gives B. entities C. grants D. credits（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.All the commodities sold in that shop are given one years _.A. assurance B. warrant C. guarantee D. i

14、nsurance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has _ Germanys Touting Car Championship.A. conquered B. contested C. dominated D. determined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.A cut in the budge put 10 percent of the state employees in _.A. range B. review C. persp

15、ective D. jeopardy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.The bridge looked so unsafe that we all_.A. hung up B. hung around C. hung back D. hung onto（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make remedial instruction a commodity as _ and accessible as frozen yogurt.A. ubiquitous B. rati

16、onalC. necessary D. credible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Heavy rains were causing inundation and much damage throughout the country.A. much inconvenience B. serious concern C. overflow of water D. human misery（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.We always lay in a large _ of tinned food in winter in case we are snowed up.A.

17、proportion B. storage C. provision D. supply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions. A. enforced B. intensified C. continued D. strengthened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Horseback riding _ both the skill of handling a horse and t

18、he mastery of diverse riding styles.A. embraces B. encourages C. exaggerates D. elaborate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken broadly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions which c

19、an be brought into relation with a money measure. We have now to observe that this relation is not a direct one, but is mediated through desires and aversions. That is to say, the money that a person is prepared to offer for a thing measures directly, not the satisfaction he will get from the thing,

20、 but the intensity of his desire for it. This distinction, obvious when stated, has been somewhat obscured for English-speaking students by the employment of the term utilitywhich naturally carries an association with satisfactionto represent intensity of desire. Thus, when one thing is desired by a

21、 person more keenly than another, it is said to possess a greater utility to that person. Several writers have endeavored to get rid of the confusion which this use of words generates by substituting “utility,“ in the above sense for some other term, such as “desirability“. The term “desiredness“ se

22、ems, however, to be preferable, because, since it cannot be taken to have any ethical implication, it is less ambiguous. I shall myself employ that term.Generally speaking, everybody prefers present pleasures or satisfactions of given magnitude to future pleasures or satisfactions of equal magnitude

23、, even when the latter are perfectly certain to occur. But this preference for present pleasures does notthe idea is serf-contradictoryimply that a present pleasure of given magnitude is any greater than a future pleasure of the same magnitude. It implies only that our telescopic faculty is defectiv

24、e, and that we, therefore, see future pleasures, as it were, on a diminished scale. That this is the right explanation is proved by the fact that exactly the same diminution is experienced when, apart from our tendency to forget ungratifying incidents, we contemplate the past.Our analysis also sugge

25、sts that economic welfare could be increased by some rightly chosen degree of differentiation in favor of saving. Nobody, of course, holds that the State should force its citizens to act as though so much objective wealth now and in the future were of exactly equal importance. In view of the uncerta

26、inty of productive developments, to say nothing of the mortality of nations and eventually of the human race itself, this would not, even in the extremest theory, be sound policy. But there is wide agreement that the State should protect the interests of the future in some degree against the effects

27、 of our irrational discounting and of our preference for ourselves over our descendants. The whole movement for “conservation“ in the United States is based on this conviction.It is the clear duty of Government, which is the trustee for unborn generations as well as for its pre sent citizens, to wat

28、ch over, and, if need be, by legislative enactment, to defend, the exhaustible natural resources of the country from rash and reckless spoliation.Plainly, ff we assume adequate competence on the part of governments, there is a valid case for some artificial encouragement to investment, particularly

29、to investments the return from which will only begin to appear after the lapse of many years. It must, however, be remembered that, so long as people are left free to decide for themselves how much work they will do, interference, by fiscal or any other means, with the way they employ the resources

30、that their work yields to them may react to diminish the aggregate amount of this work and so of those resources.（分数：6.00）(1).What does, according to the author, economic welfare consist of?A. a general sense of contentment with any individual being part of a group.B. a basic duality or dichotomy be

31、tween the amount of pleasures that one individual can experience and discontentment.C. the act of measuring the amount of gratifications and dissatisfactions with a measure of value.D. the relentless idea that people have to forfeit in expiation for their pleasures.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).In the openin

32、g paragraph, why does the author prefer to use the term “desiredness“?A. Because it seems mare catchy and refers to a specific semantic fieldB. Because nobody else has ever used the word before, it therefore exemplifies the authors original and unique ideasC. Because it helps native English speakers

33、 to grasp the conceptual idea expressed in this passageD. Because it clears any misunderstanding relating to the distinction made in the first paragraph（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).In the second paragraph, why is the word “greater“ in italics?A. Because the pleasure a person can experience in the present wi

34、ll always be regarded as the most important.B. Because the author is insisting on the falsity and inner opposition of the statement.C. Because the extent or impact of the satisfaction felt by an individual is paramount.D. Because the author is using the superlative as a general term of approval.（分数：

35、1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).In the third paragraph, which of the following is closer to the truth?A. The author rejects the idea the aid distributed by the government should benefit the less fortunate individuals.B. Any given government is answerable for preserving and protecting the economic interests of new

36、generations.C. Mankind is intrinsically doomed and will be extinct in the near future regardless of the actions taken by any government.D. People have opposing views over state intervention in the field of socio-economic policy.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).In the fourth paragraph, the author makes it clear

37、that _.A. the government which is in charge of powers such as the making of laws must conduct the current affairs of the country but also think ahead and prepare the nation of tomorrow.B. the nationals of any country are accountable for social choices they make.C. the source of supply and wealth of

38、any country can and will be consumed entirely if proper steps are not taken.D. The people of any given country have a natural tendency to use unreservedly and unwisely their own resources.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One year ago we stared aghast at images of the Southeast Asian tsu

39、nami. Video cameras taken on vacation to record the everyday pleasures of the beach were suddenly turned to quivering utility as they documented the panic and mayhem of a natural disaster. Who can forget the disbelief in the recorded voices? This cant be happening to us. Human beings are never prepa

40、red for natural disasters. There is a kind of optimism built into our species that seems to prefer to live in the comfortable present rather than confront the possibility of destruction, It may happen, we seem to believe, but not now, and not to us. Mount Vesuvius has been erupting since historical

41、records began. The eruption of A. D. 79 both destroyed Pompeii and preserved it for posterity. Pliny the Younger starkly recorded the details in prose that can still be read as a scientific ac-count. Yet houses are still being erected today at vulnerable sites around Vesuvius, in the face of the geo

42、logical inevitability of further eruptions.Disasters are described as “acts of God“. Whenever a natural catastrophe occurs, old questions resurface. How can we reconcile tragedy with the idea of a beneficent God? And with that question, the notion of punishment is never far behind. If classical reli

43、gions were wont to attribute disasters to the wrath of the gods, even in this scientific age the old explanations still have their attractions. And who might not sneakily still wish to believe that a saint could intercede on our behalf?But there is another kind of disaster. Many scientists think tha

44、t the Gulf Coast hurricanes may be a symptom of climate change. Carbon emissions have been accelerating more rapidly within a generation or two: this is not the result of some creeping plate indifferent to the fate of humans; this is our responsibility. However, there is still the same, almost willf

45、ul blindness to the dangers of climate change; after all, the sun still rises, the crops still ripen-why worry? Geology tells us that there have been “green-house worlds“ in the distant past. These have been times when seas flooded over continents. Even modest sea-level rises would spell the end of

46、densely populated areas of the world like Bangladesh. In such a case, invoking the God to look after us for the best is just pie in the sky. These are not “acts of God“ but acts of man. We should be ashamed of the consequences of our own willing blindness.（分数：10.00）(1).Human beings are never prepare

47、d for natural disasters because _ .A. they believe that all preparation is useless for disastersB. they believe that disasters will never happen to themC. they believe that gods are helpful when disasters happenD. none of these（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The expression of “houses are still being erected.ar

48、ound Vesuvius“ is used to show _ .A. human beings want to remember Pliny the Younger in this wayB. human beings are optimistic to deal with the possible further eruptionsC. human beings believe further eruptions wont happen to themselvesD. human beings are well prepared for the possible further erup

49、tions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Whats the “another kind of disaster“ (Line 1, Para. 3)?A. The disaster caused by some creeping plate.B. The disaster caused by the wrath of the gods.C. The disaster caused by the over population.D. The disaster caused by our willing blindness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The statement “greenhouse worlds“ (Line 7, Para. 3) most probably means _ .A. the world with greenhouse effectB. the world with rich natural resou