【考研类试卷】考博英语-72及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-72 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Vocab(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.The committee is totally opposed _any changes being made in the plans.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.onC.toD.against2.My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report.（分数：0.50）A.moodB.emotionC.attitudeD.feeling3.The same factors push wa

2、ges and prices up together, the one _ the other.（分数：0.50）A.emphasizingB.reinforcingC.multiplyingD.increasing4.Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money.（分数：0.50）A.lestB.untilC.unlessD.provided5.Peter will _ as managing director when Bill retires.（分数：0.50）A.take offB.take overC.take toD.take

3、 up6.One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about _.（分数：0.50）A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally7.If you consider this problem _others interest, you may change your view.（分数：0.50）A.because ofB.withC.due toD.according to8.The price of

4、beer _ from 40 cents to 4 per liter during the summer season.（分数：0.50）A.alteredB.rangedC.separatedD.differed9.They gave _broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.（分数：0.50）A.liveB.livingC.livelyD.alive10.Travelling and meeting new people _the mind of young people.（分数：0.50）A.expande

5、dB.enlargedC.broadenedD.extended11.When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _ the exit as quickly as possible.（分数：0.50）A.made offB.made forC.made outD.made up12.This little girl has a particular _ for chocolate. Whenever she sees it, she will snatch a bar and enjoy it to her hearts conte

6、nt.（分数：0.50）A.likingB.likeC.likableD.likely13.He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.（分数：0.50）A.in thatB.so long asC.in caseD.as far as14.I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.（分数：0.50）A.neverthelessB.althoughC.in caseD.so that15.If thi

7、s kind of fish becomes_, future generations may never taste it at all.（分数：0.50）A.minimumB.shortC.seldomD.scarce16.This computer is up-to-date _ a few shortcomings here and there.（分数：0.50）A.exceptB.except forC.except thatD.but17.After our computer network _for the third time that day, we all went hom

8、e.（分数：0.50）A.crashedB.collidedC.smashedD.fell18.Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally _ to find a successful way to solve the problem.（分数：0.50）A.broke offB.broke downC.broke outD.broke through19.When we listen to music, we are easily _ of events in the past.（分数：0.50）A.rememberedB.reflectedC.mem

9、orizedD.reminded20.His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.（分数：0.50）A.wonderedB.wonderC.to wonderD.wondering二、BSection Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Color is very important to most animals for it helps them to get along in the world. Color U(21) /Uto make an animal difficult for its enemies to U(22) /U.

10、 Many animals match their U(23) /U so well that as long as they do not move no one is U(24) /U to see them. You probably have often “jumped“ a rabbit. If you U(25) /U, you know how the rabbit sits perfectly still U(26) /U you are just a few feet away. You U(27) /U see the rabbit till it runs for its

11、 U(28) /U matches very closely the place where it is U(29) /U. Many times you may have walked past a rabbit U(30) /U didnt run and you never knew it was there at all.One of the most usual color schemes that helps animals to keep U(31) /U being seen, is a dark back and light underpants. If an animal

12、is the same color all U(32) /U, there is always a dark shadow along the animals belly (腹部). U(33) /Uan enemy couldnt see the animal he could see this dark shadow. The shadow makes the animal U(34) /U out to view. But if the belly is U(35) /U than the rest of the animal, the shadow will not be notice

13、d.（分数：15.00）A.helpsB.contributesC.triesD.managesA.watchB.seeC.catchD.killA.conditionsB.surroundingsC.enemiesD.bodiesA.enableB.hardlyC.likelyD.possibleA.do notB.had notC.didD.haveA.whereB.thereC.whileD.untilA.sometimesB.occasionallyC.seldomD.oftenA.surfaceB.coatC.shapeD.appearanceA.sittingB.matchingC

14、.runningD.jumpingA.youB.thatC.itD.whichA.out ofB.onC.fromD.offA.aloneB.togetherC.overD.rightA.Even ifB.UnlessC.HoweverD.As long asA.standB.stretchC.pushD.bringA.thinnerB.darkerC.biggerD.lighter三、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPassage 1/BThe fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the

15、1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last unti

16、l Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the ar

17、t of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in searc

18、h of a good price.Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expen

19、se, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believ

20、e me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next Winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ ( Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that _.（分数：2.

21、00）A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fiftiesC.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s.D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s(2).Why does the author say that noth

22、ing was wasted before the invention of fridges?（分数：2.00）A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.(3).Who benefited the least from

23、 fridges according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travelling salesmen.(4).Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment?（分数：2.00）A.Hum away continuously.B.Climatically almost unnecessary.C.Artificially

24、-cooled space.D.With mild temperatures.(5).What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?（分数：2.00）A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromising.BPassage 2/BThe human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to disc

25、ourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with humanlike ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if

26、we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件) or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon (硅) will arise first to rival and then exceed their human anc

27、estors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of r

28、obots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combin

29、ation of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.（分数：10.00）(1).In what way can we make a machine intelligent?（分数：2.00）A.By making it work in

30、such environments as deserts, oceans or space.B.By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C.By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D.By reproducing it.(2).What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?（分数：2.00）A.He believes they will be useful to human beings.B.He b

31、elieves that they will Control us in the future.C.He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D.He doesnt consider the construction of such machines possible.(3).The word “carbon“ (Line 4, Para. 2) stands for “_ “.（分数：2.00）A.intelligent robotsB.a chemical elementC.an organic substanceD.hu

32、man beings(4).A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _.（分数：2.00）A.its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB.it is able to bear the rough environmentC.it is made as complex as the human brainD.its architecture is different from that of the present ones(5).It can be inferred from the pa

33、ssage that _.（分数：2.00）A.after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproductionB.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like abilityC.once we make a machine as complex

34、 as the human brain, it will possess intelligenceD.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spaceBPassage 3/BAfter the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report；The damage and death toll could have been much worse.More than 60 peo

35、ple died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, c

36、hanges made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved q

37、uake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off i

38、ts foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes v

39、ibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.（分数：10.00

40、）(1).One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _.（分数：2.00）A.new computers had been installed in the buildingsB.it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC.large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD.improveme

41、nts had been made in the construction of buildings and highways(2).The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.counterbalance an earthquakes action on the buildingB.predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC.help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD.measure

42、 the impact of an earthquakes vibrations(3).The smart buildings discussed in the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.would cause serious financial problemsB.would be worthwhile though costlyC.would increase the complexity of architectural designD.can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes(4).It can be

43、inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _.（分数：2.00）A.the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB.the development of flexible building materialsC.the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD.early forecasts

44、of earthquakes(5).The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U. S.B.encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC.outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials

45、D.report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildingsBPassage 4/BEven plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away- straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared sca

46、nning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole

47、field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest (害虫) problems.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. Th

48、e data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique c