【考研类试卷】考博英语-98 (1)及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-98 (1)及答案解析(总分：47.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：15，分数：7.50)1.The politician tried to convince the voters that he was the man for the job.（分数：0.50）A.preachB.persuadeC.confrontD.specify2.The scientists discovery will have a profound influence on mankind.（分数：0.50）A.deepB.moderateC.negativeD.p

2、ositive3.Space is full of unseen hazards among which are cosmic rays.（分数：0.50）A.dangersB.venturesC.galaxiesD.prospects4.Scientists are often fascinated by phenomena that many ordinary people ignore.（分数：0.50）A.attractedB.disturbedC.horrifiedD.satisfied5.Dont be so innocent as to believe everything th

3、e politicians say.（分数：0.50）A.illiterateB.ignorantC.stupidD.simple6.The each revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.（分数：0.50）A.resolvesB.involvesC.evolvesD.rotates7.During his lifetime he was lucky to accumulate quite a fortune.（分数：0.50）A.overtakeB.confrontC.gatherD.demonstrate8.It is now be

4、lieved that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are im possible to reverse.（分数：0.50）A.strikingB.emotionalC.horribleD.sensational9.The new government has just set up a monopoly in salt.（分数：0.50）A.controlB.shareC.grantD.segment10.The government would not dare to impose taxes

5、on such necessities as-bread or milk.（分数：0.50）A.cutB.chargeC.forceD.occur11.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.（分数：0.50）A.protectB.relieveC.conserveD.free12.More and more people nowadays are exercising, quitting tobacco, losing weight and becoming more health-con

6、scious.（分数：0.50）A.given inB.giving outC.giving awayD.giving up13.The boy had a violent pain in his stomach after eating too much ice-cream.（分数：0.50）A.outrageousB.fatalC.fierceD.frequent14.City police Sunday arrested former Mayor Richard Weekly on a long list of bribery, official misconduct, fraud, a

7、nd corruption charges.（分数：0.50）A.deceitB.murderC.privilegeD.accident15.He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.（分数：0.50）A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civilityD.hostility二、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：5.00)16.American researchers found that the language clock could help _.（

8、分数：1.00）A.count the exact time by yearsB.decide when the language came into beingC.make sure when the Aleuts left the mainlandD.determine how the time changed17.Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.After 3 000 years, each daughter language shared only 29%

9、of the basic 200-word vocabulary.B.Some Aleuts are the descendants of Eskimos on the mainland of Alaska.C.The language clock can help to determine the dates of certain events.D.Through thousands of years languages change only in vocabulary.18.Generally speaking, after 4 000 years, on the average, th

10、e percentage of the 200 original words which remained in use was _.（分数：1.00）A.81%B.66%C.43%D.29%19.From the passage, we can infer that language clock is _. A. a mechanic clock B. a figurative clock C. an electronic clock C. a diamond clock（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.To invent the language clock the research

11、ers studied and compared _.（分数：1.00）A.tile pronunciation of language in different yearsB.the spelling of some languages in different centuriesC.the vocabulary of languages in different timesD.the grammar of some languages in different times三、BPassage 2 /B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)21.Most Americans deem that _.

12、（分数：1.00）A.financial status determines the choice of a marriage partnerB.young men and women should get married as soon as they fall in loveC.arranged marriages are hardly understood and acceptedD.love plays a critical role in marriage22.We can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：1.00）A.children always a

13、sk their parents for opinions about marriageB.the author thinks that in America marriages still bear class characterC.it is unusual for Americans to live together as a way of preparing for marriagesD.despite the different backgrounds, people still marry in America23.According to the passage, all of

14、the following statements are true except that _.（分数：1.00）A.in arranged marriages, the brides and grooms never meet before their weddingB.many Americans think the idea of arranged marriage out of dateC.all marriages are not arranged in AmericaD.a lot of informally arranged marriages exist in America2

15、4.Which of the following can be chosen as the best title of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Americans MarriageB.Arranged MarriageC.Marriage for LoveD.Perfect Marriage25.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Some couples marry according to their parents arrangement.B.Some men seek

16、 their future-wife by advertising in the newspaper.C.The Americans will not live together before their marriage.D.Friends and parents usually play an important role in arranging marriage.四、BPassage 3 /B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)26.What does the word “adopt“ (para. 2, Line 2) mean in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Take

17、.B.Adjust.C.Adapt.D.Expert.27.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because _.（分数：1.00）A.the pressure is too great on the studentsB.some students are bound to failC.failure rates are too highD.the results of examinations are doubtful28.According to the passage, A-

18、type individuals are usually _.（分数：1.00）A.impatientB.considerableC.aggressiveD.agreeable29.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：1.00）A.the personality of a child is well established at birthB.family influence dominates the shaping of one s characteristicsC.the development of one s

19、personality is due to multiple factorsD.B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society30.The selection of medical professionals are currently based on _.（分数：1.00）A.candidates sensitivityB.academic achievementsC.competitive spiritD.surer values五、BPart Translat(总题数：4，分数：4.00)31.Desp

20、ite Chinas impressive economic achievements, the countrys elderly women suffer disproportionate poverty rates, the incidence of female suicide is rising, and the skewed gender balance among newborns will have severe future demographic consequences, according to a United Nations re port. The developm

21、ent picture for women is also mixed. Gender gaps are widening, and the aging of Chinese society is posing an increasing challenge because the elderly are disproportionately poor and female, with widows and unmarried, childless women among the most economically vulnerable. The widely noted increase i

22、n the margin of newborn boys over girls “has serious implications for the future,“ the report warns. Sexual predetermination of newborns is illegal in China, but wide spread and the government estimates that the sex ratio is about 116 boys for every 100 girls. “The shortage of women will have enormo

23、us implications on Chinas social, economic and development future. In the next decade, we could have as many as 60 million missing women. People are exercising their preferences, but the consequences for society are huge.“ These challenges are by no means unique to China and countries must work toge

24、ther to resolve them.（分数：1.00）_32.One hundred countries representing 4.5 billion people have signed the global treaty aimed at curbing tobacco use, which now claims nearly 5 million lives every year and causes an estimated an num net loss of $200 billion in treatment and lost productivity, the Unite

25、d Nations health agency reported. The treaty requires signed countries to restrict tobacco advertising, sponsorship and promotion, set new labeling and clean indoor air controls and strengthen legislation to clamp down on tobacco smuggling. At the time of its unanimous adoption last May by WHOs 192

26、members, the agency warned that the annual death toll of 4.9 million, if left unchecked, could double by 2020. The tobacco epidemic is still expanding, especially in developing countries where currently seven out of every 10 tobacco-related deaths occur, according to WHO. At current rates, the total

27、 number of tobacco users is expected to rise to 1.7 billion by 2025 from 1.3 billion now. The European Community (EC) has also signed the treaty as a regional economic integration organization, while its member states sign and ratify the treaty individually.（分数：1.00）_33.Hoping to extend Internet con

28、nectivity to underserved populations around the world, the United Nations and the Wireless Internet Institute (W2i) today announced a series of programmes to accelerate the adoption of broadband wireless technology in developing countries. The “Wireless Internet for Underserved Populations and Local

29、 Communities“ initiative was developed in follow-up to a June 2003 conference on wireless Internet opportunities for developing nations. It is also in support of tire Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) -a set of measurable and time-bound targets adopted by world leaders at a UN summit in 2000-the f

30、ast-ever global forum on information technologies (ICTs). W2i has received requests from business organizations and governmental regulatory agencies in several countries to facilitate consensus among local stakeholders in emerging broadband wireless Internet standards. Early underwriters of the init

31、iative include IBM and Intel. “Intel is a strong proponent of enabling affordable Internet connectivity worldwide, and we are developing wireless technologies and working with organizations like W2i to help accelerate the adoption of broadband wireless technologies worldwide,“ said Julie Coppernoll,

32、 director of marketing lot Intel s Wireless Networking Group.（分数：1.00）_34.Competitive pressures and a thriving new economy have driven thousands of businesses around the world to make enormous investments in their information technology solutions. Investments in enterprise resource planning (ERP) so

33、ftware and customer relationship management (CRM) solutions arc only two examples of the new trends. Businesses use ERP software to improve operational efficiency and increase profitability, and CRM solutions to automate customer interaction processes that improve customer service and increase sales

34、 productivity. hi todays modem technological world, companies are data rich and information poor. The growing need to anticipate changing market conditions and customer preferences, develop intelligent business plans, and act proactively is fueled by the availability of critical information. And bec

35、ause so much of that essential information is locked away within ERP, CRM and other transaction-oriented systems, the need for data warehousing is more compelling than ever. Without the ability to move from data to information to knowledge to action, companies cannot stay competitive in todays modem

36、 and ever changing economy. Early data warehousing efforts focused on separating the decision-support environment from operational transaction-processing systems. The ultimate goal was to create a centralized source of data for accurate, consistent reporting. The greatest cost of implementing data w

37、arehouses comes from the process of extracting, transforming and integrating data from source systems.（分数：1.00）_六、BPart Translat(总题数：1，分数：1.00)35.我们国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍，并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，资源可以更有效的利用，技术可以创造也可以引进，但是几亿人口的素质(quality)是无法引进的，这必须靠我们去提高。（分数：1.00）_七、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：

38、20.00)36.Write an essay on Water Shortage in China and Suggestions on Remedies. The article below can be used to support your writing in facts and certain remedies. 2) Not less than 150 words. Water Crisis Looming for China Surging water consumption in Chinas growing cities and towns, coupled with r

39、eckless industrial and agricultural use, is straining the nations already strapped water supplies, the government and several international organizations warn. Chinas water resources amount to the fifth-largest in the world, and its winding rivers have cradled civilizations for over five millennia.

40、But with the countrys population swelling to 1.3 billion, many of Chinas rivers, including the legendary Yellow River, are drying up, and the water table is falling. The international groups say dwindling water supplies could disrupt China s food security, public health, environment, and economic gr

41、owth. “Chinas problem is “brown“ poverty. If you look at a map, large swaths of the country are totally brown nothing can grow there,“ said Deepak Bhattasali, the World Bank s chief economist in Beijing. “If this brown spreads, so will hunger, and industrial growth will slow. The countrys annual per

42、 capital water supply is only 2,200 cubic meters, 25% of the global average, according to the World Bank. The government says that by 2030, the water supply is expected to fall below 1,700 cubic meters per person, which the World Bank calls dangerously low. During the same period, water demand is ex

43、pected to more than triple, from 120 billion tons a year to 400 billion tons. Using uncharacteristically strong language, the World Bank recently warned that the situation “will soon become unmanageable, with catastrophic consequences for future generations.“ China does not act like a nation in the

44、midst of a water shortage, Taps run freely because the government subsidizes water supplies, especially to farmers. For industry, China s water consumption efficiency is one-tenth that of developed countries. And only a fraction of China s industrially used water is recycled, mostly because local go

45、vernments are loath to burden local firms with costly recycling roles. A senior Chinese official in charge of water resources has said China loses more than 30 billion cubic meters of water every year, causing a $28 billion loss in industrial output. But he says he is committed to making the tough d

46、ecisions needed to correct the situation. Water conservation and recycling programs are being introduced, and the government has said it will raise the price of water supplied to farmers and industry. Steps are being taken to curb rapid deforestation and soil erosion across the country. Hydropower,

47、which creates large evaporating reservoirs, is increasingly being complemented with wind power. China is on track to generate 10% of its power from wind and solar energy by 2010. Programs to desalinate seawater using solar energy are also in place in several cities. But none of this is likely to be

48、enough, analysts say. Lester Brown of the World watch Institute, an environmental watchdog based in Washington, D.C. warns that Chinas water problems will have global repercussions. Brown calculates that shortages will cut Chinas annual agricultural output by 9 million tons, forcing it to buy grain. This will push up world f