【考研类试卷】考博英语-99及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-99 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be strictly forbidden to enter. But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a

2、 men“s castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other sex. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken. The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange) decided that women should be allowed onto the new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the “castle“

3、 had not been completely conquered. The first girls to work in “The House“ were not brokers or jobbers. They were neither allowed to become partners in stock broking firms, nor to be authorized dealers in stocks and shares. They were simply junior clerks and telephone operators. Women have been tryi

4、ng to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several votes have been taken in “The House“ to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has always been “No“. There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, although i

5、n a very junior capacity. Two forms of jobbers made an application to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks. Permission was finally given. A member of the Stock Exchange explained after this news had been given, “The new floor is going to be different from the old one. All t

6、he jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telephone and typewriters, therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators. So women must be allowed in.“ This decision did not mean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women. However, it was a step in the fight

7、 direction. The Chairman of the new building will eventually lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange. It is only a matter of time; it must happen.（分数：25.00）(1).The London Stock Exchange is famous _.（分数：6.25）A.for its favorable locationB.for its policy of opening its

8、 doors to womenC.because it has been a place for men onlyD.because women are now beginning to enter its doors to work(2).Several votes have been taken in “The House“ _.（分数：6.25）A.to see if women were willing to become membersB.to decide when women would be allowed into “The House“C.to find out wheth

9、er the members were willing to allow women to become membersD.to decide when to allow women onto the new trading floor(3).Which of the following is true?（分数：6.25）A.Since 1973 women have been allowed to work with the London Stock Exchange.B.Women have always been refused participation in stock tradin

10、g.C.Women were never officially allowed to enter the Stock Exchange.D.Men have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange.(4).What is this article about?（分数：6.25）A.Women“s place in society.B.How the London Stock Exchange functioned in 1971.C.How women have been struggling for full membership of the

11、Stock Exchange.D.How women were gradually allowed to work in the Stock Exchange.三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a style of life, a life

12、, a way of behaving in various situations. The true test of intelligence is not how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we don“t know what to do. The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses ever

13、ything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him. He grapples with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully, and if not confidently, at least hopefully; if he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what

14、 he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life, and one“s self with respect to life. Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an entirely different style of b

15、ehavior, arising out of entirely different set of attitudes. Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, embrace it, un

16、ite himself with it. There is no wall, no barrier, between himself and life. On the other hand，the dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more inclined to live in a world of fantasy. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by t

17、he maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If he can“t do something one way, he“ll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at all. It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once; if that try fails, he is through. Nobody starts off stupid. Hardly an adult in a t

18、housand, or ten thousand Could in any three years of his life learn as much, grow as much in his understanding of the world around him, as every infant learns and grows in his first three years. But what happens, as we grow older, to this extraordinary capacity for learning and intellectual growth?

19、What happens is that it is destroyed, and more than by any other one thing, it is destroyed by the process that we misname educationa process that goes on in most homes and schools.（分数：25.00）(1).The writer believes that intelligence is _.（分数：6.25）A.doing well in schoolB.doing well on some examinatio

20、nsC.a certain type of behaviorD.good scores on tests(2).The writer believes that “unintelligence“ is _.（分数：6.25）A.similar to intelligenceB.less than intelligenceC.the common belief of most psychologistsD.a particular way of looking at the world(3).Why does the writer say that education is misnamed?（

21、分数：6.25）A.Because it takes place more in homes than in school.B.Because it discourages intellectual growth.C.Because it helps dull children with their problems.D.Because it helps children understand the world around them.(4).In the paragraphs which follow the above passage, the writer probably discu

22、sses _.（分数：6.25）A.how education destroys the development of intelligenceB.how bright children differ from dull childrenC.how intelligence is inheritedD.how the child“s intellectual capacity grows at home and school四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)An upsurge of new research suggests animals have a much higher

23、 level of brainpower than previous thought. Before defining animals“ intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal“s brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning or cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do

24、 certain things by following outside signals is also not intelligence, since tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved. Scientists believe insight, the ability to use tools, and communications using human language are effective measures. When judging animal intelligence,

25、scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn, piled them and then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla“s insight allowed her to solve a new problem wi

26、thout trial and error. The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence. Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. Likewise, otters use rocks to crack open crab and, in a series of complex moves, chi

27、mpanzees have been known to use sticks to get at favorite snack-termites. Many animals have learned to communicate using human language. Some primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard and one parro

28、t can distinguish five objects of two different types and can understand the difference between numbers, colors, and kinds of object. The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than once thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would h

29、umans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food or clothing or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the text, which i

30、s true about animals communicating through the use of human language?（分数：5.00）A.Parrots can imitate or repeat a sound.B.Dolphins click and whistle.C.Crows screech warnings to other crows,D.Chimps have been trained to use sign language or word symbolizing geometric shapes.(2).The word “upsurge“ (Line

31、 1, Para. 1), most nearly means _.（分数：5.00）A.an increasingly large amountB.a decreasing amountC.a well-known amountD.an immeasurable amount(3).The chimpanzee“s ability to use a tool illustrates high intelligence because _.（分数：5.00）A.he is able to get his foodB.he faced a difficult task and accomplis

32、hed itC.he stored knowledge away and called it up at the right timeD.termites are protein-packed(4).The concluding paragraph of this text infers _.（分数：5.00）A.there is no definitive line between those animals with intelligence and those withoutB.animals are being given opportunities to display their

33、intelligenceC.research showing higher animal intelligence may fuel debate on ethics and crueltyD.animals are capable of untrained thought well beyond mere instinct(5).Which of the following is NOT a sign of animal intelligence?（分数：5.00）A.Shows insight.B.Cues.C.Uses tools.D.Makes a plan.五、Text 4(总题数：

34、1，分数：25.00)There are increasingly fraught relationships that adults are having with childrenin all walks of life, from the police and politicians, within the public sector and within communities themselves. The fear of young people has changed the way society is policed, how pupils are treated in sc

35、hools and how insecure adults relate to children on their estates. Rather than children and young people becoming more violent and anti-social, it is adults who have changed, having fewer relationships with young people and becoming less confident in their dealings with them. We must explore the rol

36、e that crime and safety initiatives have on the outlook of the public. The attempt by government, council departments, the police and many others to reduce the fear within communities by developing safety initiatives is having the opposite effect, resulting in the institutionalization of this fear.

37、Curfews have increased adults“ fear of young people and reduced the amount of time young children are allowed out to play. They have raised the level of insecurity amongst parents about the safety of their children and ultimately reduced the contact between generations within this community. It is n

38、ot far from the troth to say that “youth“ no longer existsif by youth we mean the freedom loving rebelliousness. The outcome of this process is breeding a generation of young people who are if anything more fragile and fearful than their grandparents. Finally, as well as exploring the fear of young

39、people, we must look at the insecurity that parents have for their children. There has been a reduction in play, and specifically in “free play“, and the effect of this more regulated environment on children“s lives is yet to be determined and not something we can continually ignore in our rush to p

40、rotect society from children.（分数：25.00）(1).The author is mainly directing his message towards _.（分数：5.00）A.adults in generalB.the younger generationC.law enforcement authoritiesD.parents(2).The first paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：5.00）A.the way younger people have changedB.the change in attitude a

41、nd treatment towards youthC.the fewer relationships between youth and adultsD.the fear that youth and adults have towards each other(3).The author sees safety initiatives as part of the problem because _.（分数：5.00）A.they actually cause more rebelliousnessB.they are unpopular with young peopleC.they w

42、orsen relationships and create more fearD.they reduce the play young people can use to expend energy(4).The author believes it“s possible to say youth no longer exists because _.（分数：5.00）A.youth have no more rebellion and freedomB.youth are indistinguishable in character from their grandparentsC.the

43、y are not allowed to voice their opinionsD.they do not love freedom the way they should(5).To correct the problem the author discusses we are advised to _.（分数：5.00）A.stop being so insecure towards childrenB.let children play moreC.study the roots and effects of our fearD.stop regulating children“s l

44、ives考博英语-99 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be strictly forbidden to enter. But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to b

45、e a men“s castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other sex. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken. The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange) decided that women should be allowed onto the new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the “cast

46、le“ had not been completely conquered. The first girls to work in “The House“ were not brokers or jobbers. They were neither allowed to become partners in stock broking firms, nor to be authorized dealers in stocks and shares. They were simply junior clerks and telephone operators. Women have been t

47、rying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several votes have been taken in “The House“ to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has always been “No“. There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, althoug

48、h in a very junior capacity. Two forms of jobbers made an application to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks. Permission was finally given. A member of the Stock Exchange explained after this news had been given, “The new floor is going to be different from the old one. Al

49、l the jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telephone and typewriters, therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators. So women must be allowed in.“ This decision did not mean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women. However, it was a step in the fight direction. The Chairman of the new building will eventually lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange. It is only a matter of time; it must happen.（分数：25.00）(1).The London Stock Exchange is famous