【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷277及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-试卷 277 及答案解析(总分：154.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.It is reported that the worst pedestrian jam in this city occurs around this crossroads.（分数：2.00）A.confessionB.congestionC.digestionD.exhaustion2.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive

2、statement（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender3.Through the discussion they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions.（分数：2.00）A.cleverness ofB.knowledge ofC.prediction ofD.perception of4.They suggested that an agency be created to carry out the recommendatio

3、n of the committee.（分数：2.00）A.implementB.complimentC.supplementD.complement5.In the country we are excluded from the worries of life in a big town.（分数：2.00）A.envelopedB.protectedC.insulatedD.subtracted6.In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticides.（分数：2.00）A.institutedB.consti

4、tutedC.prosecutedD.distributed7.The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment .（分数：2.00）A.executionB.excursionC.expansionD.extinction8.The employer tried to bully his employees from staging strikes by threatening to close down the entire plant.（分数：2.00）A.intimidateB

5、.integrateC.ridiculeD.humiliate9.Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence .（分数：2.00）A.permanenceB.proliferationC.perseveranceD.predominance10.This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts.（分数：2.00）A.determinedB.demonstratedC.administratedD.distinguished1

6、1.The principal duty of the United Nations is to safeguard the peace of the world.（分数：2.00）A.primaryB.primeC.privilegedD.precedent12.His major task is to integrate the work of various bureaus under the ministry.（分数：2.00）A.organizeB.correspondC.coordinateD.respond13.We are totally unable, after decad

7、es of experiment, to replicate ancient glazed pottery.（分数：2.00）A.produceB.manufactureC.dramatizeD.duplicate14.It is said that science has become too complex to acknowledge the existence of universal truths.（分数：2.00）A.addressB.declareC.affirmD.perceive15.To their great surprise, they found the floodw

8、ater had damaged the buildings foundation.（分数：2.00）A.underlainB.underlinedC.undertakenD.undermined16.In view of obstruction and disappointment , the prime minister decided to make parliamentary alliance.（分数：2.00）A.frustrationB.illustrationC.capitulationD.clarification17.A shift from native bronze to

9、 iron artifacts took place under the influence of cultural borrowings.（分数：2.00）A.transitionB.transmissionC.transactionD.transference18.It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.（分数：2.00）A.pageantB.patronageC.paradoxD.pendulum19.This style of writing, incid

10、entally, is suggestive of what is called the “newsreel technique“ of John Dos Passos.（分数：2.00）A.reminiscentB.collectiveC.forgettableD.advisable20.Peter was seen crying when he came out of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished.（分数：2.00）A.conferB.referC.preferD.infer21.In spite of

11、the _ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.（分数：2.00）A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure22.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be_by this device.（分数：2.00）A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired23.America has now adopted more_European-style inspection systems, and t

12、he incidence of food poisoning is falling.（分数：2.00）A.discreteB.solemnC.rigorousD.autonomous24.Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an_ spur to efficiency and innovation.（分数：2.00）A.extravagantB.exquisiteC.intermittentD.indispensable25.In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, t

13、he master of science fiction, foresaw many of the technological wonders that are_today.（分数：2.00）A.transientB.commonplaceC.implicitD.elementary26.I was so_when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.（分数：2.00）A.immersedB.assaultedC.thrilledD.dedicated27.His arm was_fr

14、om the sharks mouth and reattached, but the boy, who nearly died, remained in a delicate condition.（分数：2.00）A.retrievedB.retainedC.repelledD.restored28.Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people the magazine has_ to be the Greatest American.（分数：2.00）A.appointedB.appeasedC.nicknamedD.nominated29.The_m

15、ajority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.（分数：2.00）A.overflowingB.overwhelmingC.prevalentD.premium30.We will also see a_increase in the number of televisions per household, as small TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors.

16、（分数：2.00）A.startlingB.surpassingC.suppressingD.stacking二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient productio

17、n of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first

18、 analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first t

19、ry to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand. This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activitythe firm and the customerand each must be sa

20、tisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as “Have It Your Way. “ and “Youre the Boss. “ A good example of the importance of satisfying the c

21、onsumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!（分数：10.00）(1).A goo

22、d knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to_.（分数：2.00）A.the efficient production of goodsB.a perfect command of salesmanshipC.a basic command of the marketing conceptD.the conversion of goods into money(2).Not too long ago, industries focused on_.（分数：2.00）A.producing and sel

23、ling goodsB.the needs and wants of customersC.the selling of new productsD.moving goods to the market(3).The very core of marketing lies in_.（分数：2.00）A.all understanding of consumer needsB.the efficient movement of goodsC.developing new wants for consumer goodsD.making goods readily available to cus

24、tomers(4).A successful business deal can take place only when_.（分数：2.00）A.the customer is satisfied at the expense of the companyB.a company makes a big profitC.consumer satisfaction and company profit are given equal importanceD.priority is given to the requirements of the customer(5).The last sent

25、ence of the passage suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.the consumer should be allowed to do things his own wayB.the consumer should be treated like a kingC.the consumer should have the final say in the selling of any productD.the consumer should be advised on what to buyFor several years, scientists have bee

26、n testing a substance called interferon(干扰素), a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its u

27、se. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species of specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words

28、, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so powerful that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directl

29、y. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute,

30、 has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who has undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as co

31、mpared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who have received the conventional treatments. In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our t

32、ime.（分数：10.00）(1).In what way does interferon differ from antibiotics?（分数：2.00）A.Interferon has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.B.Interferon is available in large supply, whereas antibiotics are not.C.Antibiotics are very effective, while interferon is not.D.Antibiotics kill germs b

33、y attacking them directly, while interferon does not.(2).What effect does interferon have on infection?（分数：2.00）A.It provokes a negative reaction.B.It keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.C.It causes healthy cells to grow.D.It attacks viruses.(3).Interferon is produced by_.（分数：2.00）A.infecting

34、 viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drugB.infecting proteins with a virusC.infecting white blood cells with a virusD.infecting viruses with proteins(4).Interferon has not been widely used because it is_.（分数：2.00）A.still very dangerousB.not yet available in the United StatesC.difficult to produce i

35、n large quantitiesD.not effective for human beings(5).Which of the following is true of the results of Dr. Stranders experiments?（分数：2.00）A.Both interferon and conventional treatments should be used to ensure the survival of the patients.B.At the end of three years, only ten to thirty percent of the

36、 patients who had not received interferon died.C.Only the patients who received interferon survived.D.Most of the patients who were treated with interferon survived.In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, b

37、ut our very bodies as well. First, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a land-line goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get wh

38、oever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting“ influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in

39、advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8“, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are“ . Texting changes people as well. In their pa

40、per, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging“, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers“ and the “texters“ those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone

41、s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar t

42、o those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy“: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker“: thes

43、e people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. Perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.（分数：10.00）(1).

44、When people plan to meet nowadays, they_.（分数：2.00）A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till the last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans(2).According to the two British researcher, social and psychological effec

45、ts are mostly likely to be seen on_.（分数：2.00）A.talkersB.the “speakeasy“C.the “spacemaker“D.texters(3).We can infer from this passage that the texts are_.（分数：2.00）A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others(4).According to this passage, who is afraid of being heard whi

46、le talking on the mobile?（分数：2.00）A.Talkers.B.The “speakeasy“ .C.The “spacemaker“ .D.Texters.(5).An appropriate title for the passage might be, _.（分数：2.00）A.The SMS EffectB.Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone UseC.Changes in the Use of the MobileD.Body Language and the Mobile PhoneAs children get

47、older, self-discipline should take the place of imposed discipline. Constrains become internalized and children begin to weigh from within the validity of their promptings(敦促). But their tendency to be self-critical, to develop a code of their own, depends on the extent to which they must have kept

48、critical company. The dialogue within reflects the dialogue without that is why discussion is so important during adolescence. Those in authority over children will, therefore, attempt to get children to do what is sensible by appealing to their common sense instead of ordering them around or appeal

49、ing to their own status. They will not say, “Im your father and Im telling you not to smoke,“ but will point out the dangers involved. It is a further question, however, whether a childs acceptance of good reasons should be the criterion for his action. If a parent explains to a child why it is stupid and wrong to put objects on railway lines, and yet sees him doing so, will he stand aside and reflect that the boy is learning to choose? Parents must weigh their own fundamen