【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷279及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语-试卷 279及答案解析(总分：130.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.The law on drinking and driving is_stated.（分数：2.00）A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.exceptionallyD.explicitly2.We shall probably never be able to_ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.（分数：2.00）A.assertB.impartC.asc

2、ertainD.notify3.Beth worked hard to_in with the locals during her visit.（分数：2.00）A.encounterB.blendC.mergeD.adapt4.I think Kim would be great for the job. Her work record is_.（分数：2.00）A.impeccableB.enrichedC.rudimentaryD.tarnished5.The company that Joan works for is_with an automotive company, so sh

3、e can get a discount on a new car.（分数：2.00）A.correlatedB.parallelC.affiliatedD.accounted6.Vacation policies continue to be a source of_between management and the workers.（分数：2.00）A.disturbanceB.resistanceC.contractionD.friction7.Current data suggest that, although_ states between fear and aggression

4、 exist, fear and aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.（分数：2.00）A.simultaneousB.exceptionalC.partialD.transitional8.The government_the use of seat belts in all cars.（分数：2.00）A.prevailsB.provokesC.mediatesD.mandates9.The river was_with industrial waste from the nearby

5、 factory.（分数：2.00）A.irradiatedB.contaminatedC.corruptedD.fragmented10.Two-thirds of the U. S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater_the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.（分数：2.00）A.was it not because ofB.had it not been forC.were it no

6、t forD.would it not have been for11.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything_going on in the world.（分数：2.00）A.it isB.there isC.as isD.what is12.If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle_the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected.（分数：2.00）A.onB.f

7、orC.againstD.with13.Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, _ occupations for which technical training is necessary.（分数：2.00）A.so too there areB.so also there areC.so there are tooD.so too are there14.It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administrati

8、on to ignore requirements for_drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests.（分数：2.00）A.specificB.genericC.intricateD.acrid15.The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial-wars that_Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one an

9、other.（分数：2.00）A.pittedB.droveC.keptD.embarked16.The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest_ without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association.（分数：2.00）A.is not possibl

10、eB.would not be possibleC.will not be possibleD.by which17.From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics_in turn evolved the politics of our modern world.（分数：2.00）A.of whichB.from whichC.on whichD.by which18.The Portuguese give a great deal of cred

11、it to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man_prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.（分数：2.00）A.wasB.was calledC.callingD.being19.Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant_, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.（分数：2.00）A.on

12、 themselvesB.on not making a faultC.to a faultD.to remain ahead20.Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make remedial instruction a commodity as_and accessible as frozen yogurt.（分数：2.00）A.ubiquitousB.rationalC.necessaryD.credible21.The scheme for rebuilding the city center_, owing to

13、 the refusal of a council to sanction the expenditure of the money it would have required.（分数：2.00）A.fell downB.fell offC.fell outD.fell flat22.If they think they are going to win over us by obstinately_and refusing to make the slightest concession, they are mistaken.（分数：2.00）A.holding outB.holding

14、toC.holding overD.holding up23.The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be_.（分数：2.00）A.broken outB.cancelled outC.ruled outD.wiped out24.The ex-president had been_in the country to refresh his mind before he passed away.（分数：2.00）A.given to walkingB.given a walkC.given for a w

15、alkD.giving a walk25.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and_of their criticism or censure.（分数：2.00）A.running shortB.running outC.running the gauntletD.running ahead二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)It was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York. First,

16、 part of a building on West 140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and clothing. Then it was back downtown fo

17、r that evenings big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “Thats why I have bad hair tonight,“ Said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rain. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair

18、 didnt look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal chandeliers. Definitely not having a bad-hair night was Elizabeth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has ches

19、tnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit(“Someone made it for me! I love velvet!“ she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice)and sparkling drop earrings. Of course, she hadnt been standing in the rain in

20、 Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-oclock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evenings award; previous award winners have included Al

21、ice Tully, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, .and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones. Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies

22、 of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china, American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers the New York Life; .and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and h

23、er bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser(No models! No stars!), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand d

24、ollars.（分数：10.00）(1).From what we read we can infer that “it was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York“ means its staff_.（分数：2.00）A.deal with the fall of houses in the city every dayB.are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every dayC.work during the day an

25、d to have banquet in the evening every dayD.go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there(2).The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.Robert DoleB.Elizabeth DoleC.The Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner DanceD.all the business companies atte

26、nding the Dinner Dance(3).Christopher Peakes hair didnt look so bad because_.（分数：2.00）A.he was wearing a handsome tuxedoB.he was wearing tulips on his suitC.he was seen among flowersD.he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light(4).Elizabeth Dole was_.（分数：2.00）A.the president of the American R

27、ed Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostessB.a republican and wife of the president of the American Red CrossC.the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner DanceD.born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robe

28、rt Dole(5).The presence of an actress at the Dinner made the fund raising_.（分数：2.00）A.less impersonalB.a typical fund-raising eventC.less personalD.more business-likeFor laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their

29、 normal activities and therefore, if we wish, we can assess the possible dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentations in laboratories. The field workers have

30、 had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watcherscertainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and

31、solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds cant be, or the homing of animals over

32、long distances, or even details of spontaneous family relationships . Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about? The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the sta

33、rt of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous

34、 notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each others observations right there in the field. Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning th

35、e characteristic traits or features which distinguish a groupany particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “ the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animals behavior. “ In abridged dictionaries ethnology is som

36、etimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,“ and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first sentence, the word “laymen“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.people who stand asideB.people who are not trained as biologistsC.people who are amateur biologistsD

37、.people who love animals(2).According to the passage, ethnology is_.（分数：2.00）A.a new branch of biologyB.an old Greek scienceC.a pseudo-scienceD.a science for amateurs(3).“The field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves. “ This sentence means_.（分数：2.00）A. ethnologists when working

38、in the field are handicappedB.ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientistsC.ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the fieldD.ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work(4).According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the

39、passage, “hard-and-fast“ means experiment procedures_.（分数：2.00）A.are difficult and quick to followB.must be carried out in a strict and quick wayC.must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose resultsD.hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe(5).The meaning of the underlined words in “th

40、e details of spontaneous family relationships “ can be expressed as_.（分数：2.00）A.natural family relationshipsB.quickly occurring family relationshipsC.animals acting like a natural familyD.animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlledThe single greatest shift in the history of mass-c

41、ommunication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge widows of stained glass, told the storie

42、s of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of

43、 Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication. Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on your table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systemat

44、ically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable. In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shiftthis time to a

45、new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, plainly,

46、irreversible. Yet, just as the books triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computers triumph has also divided the human race. You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buz

47、z with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it ishow grim and frightful!for the other people, the defeated class, whose

48、 temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machine whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right. Computers

49、require a sharply different set of aptitudes, and, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed. Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities? Yes, the industry knows this. Vast stuns have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitati