【考研类试卷】考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编4及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 4 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.She had a great_ for the toxin where she grew up.（分数：2.00）A.feelingB.tasteC.emotionD.affection2.The company that Joan works for is _ with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.(2014 年北京航空航天大

2、学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.correlatedB.parallelC.affiliatedD.accounted3.The Supreme Court_the judgment of the lower court in that case last week. (2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.amplifiedB.affirmedC.ascendedD.applauded4.I cant_to have a holiday abroad on my salary.（分数：2.00）A.spendB.spareC.affordD.stand5.The br

3、idge was named _ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.afterD.from6.He felt it rather difficult to take a stand _ the opinion of the majority.（分数：2.00）A.forB.againstC.toD.by7.Any business needs insurance _ordinary risks such as fire, flood and breakage.(2007年中国科

4、学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.inB.againstC.onD.of8.The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy.(2004 年上海理工大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exaggeratingB.aggravatingC.amendingD.fastening9.Animals can become unusually _ when they are upset by a sudden environmental change.（分数：2.00）A.vigorousB.predominantC.aggressiveD.irrita

5、ble10.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages _ patriotism.(2004 年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable11.The moment someone broke into the factory, a burglar_rang in the police stati

6、on.（分数：2.00）A.alarmB.warningC.bellD.threat12.The doctor _ me to the danger of not getting enough sleep.（分数：2.00）A.warnedB.advisedC.remindedD.alerted13.The twins are so much _ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.（分数：2.00）A.similarB.sameC.likeD.alike14.The park was_with people doing all so

7、rts of recreational activities.（分数：2.00）A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.vigorous15.The doctor promised that this medicine would _ the pain in the stomach.(2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.affirmedB.agitatedC.alleviateD.allocate16.Though this apparatus is expensive, the patient agreed to use it after the operati

8、on because it could_ the pain.(2004 年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.assessB.alleviateC.avengeD.affirm17.The medicine_his pain but did not cure his illness.(2015 年北京航空大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.activatedB.alleviatedC.deterioratedD.mediated18.England and France formed a(n) _ against Germany in the Second World War.（分数：2.

9、00）A.unionB.allianceC.entityD.solidarity19.The boy had certainly done wrong, but his father made _ for his youth.（分数：2.00）A.allowancesB.excusesC.pleasD.accounts20.The small country _ itself with the stronger power for protection.（分数：2.00）A.attachedB.alliedC.gearedD.adapted21.She had to_her dress bec

10、ause she had lost weight.（分数：2.00）A.changeB.modifyC.alterD.shrink22.When travelling, you are advised to lake travellers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.（分数：2.00）A.substituteB.replacementC.preferenceD.alternative23.Many people proposed that a national committee be form

11、ed to discuss _ to existing mass transit systems.(2003 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.substitutesB.measuresC.duplicatesD.alternatives24.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no _ but to report him to the local police.(2002 年 3 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.timeB.c

12、hanceC.authorityD.alternative25.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.(2010 年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 4 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.0

13、0)1.She had a great_ for the toxin where she grew up.（分数：2.00）A.feelingB.tasteC.emotionD.affection 解析：解析：affection(for)n爱，深挚的感情(注：如果前面有形容词修饰可加不定冠词：A feeling of affection grew up between themHe thanked her with genuine affectionHe had a warm affection for his mother)。feeling n感情(中性名词，常有形容词修饰才能说明具体的感情

14、)。taste(for)n口味，鉴赏力(have a taste for sth能欣赏)。emotion n情感，情绪(没有 have an emotion for sth的句型)。2.The company that Joan works for is _ with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.(2014 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.correlatedB.parallelC.affiliated D.accounted解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。A 有相互关系的：B 使与

15、平行；C 附属的，有关联的；D 解释，认为。句意为：琼工作的公司隶属于一家汽车公司，所以她可以得到一辆新车。此处“be affiliated with”为固定搭配，意思“隶属于”，故此处答案为 C。3.The Supreme Court_the judgment of the lower court in that case last week. (2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.amplifiedB.affirmed C.ascendedD.applauded解析：解析：四个选项的意思分别是；amplified 放大：affirmed 认可，批准(法律，判决)：a

16、scended上升，攀登；applauded 鼓掌，赞同。所以正确答案是 B 选项。如：The ministry affirmed that the visit had been postponed(部里证实访问已延期。)4.I cant_to have a holiday abroad on my salary.（分数：2.00）A.spendB.spareC.afford D.stand解析：解析：afford vt(一般与 cancould 搭配)买得起，花得起，担负得起，做得起(句型：afford sth+动词 ing 形式；afford to+动词原形)。spend vt花(钱、时间

17、)(句型：spend money onfor sth；spend money onin+动词 ing 形式；spend time on sth；spend timen十动词 ing 形式)。spare vt节约，吝惜；省出，抽出(时间)；饶恕，不伤害。stand vt(用于否定句)经受，容忍(后面不跟不定式)。5.The bridge was named _ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.after D.from解析：解析：name(sb/sth)after/for 以的名

18、字给取名(不与其他三个介词搭配)。6.He felt it rather difficult to take a stand _ the opinion of the majority.（分数：2.00）A.forB.against C.toD.by解析：解析：take a stand foragainst sth对表明支持反对态度(注：take a stand 后面不跟 toby sth)7.Any business needs insurance _ordinary risks such as fire, flood and breakage.(2007年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.0

19、0）A.inB.against C.onD.of解析：解析：本题考查介词的用法，句子的意思是：任何行业都需要保险来抵御一般的风险，如火火、水火或破损。这四个介词中只有 against 有“防备，预防”的意思，所以 B 项是正确答案。8.The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy.(2004 年上海理工大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exaggeratingB.aggravating C.amendingD.fastening解析：解析：本题是说“持续动荡的局面使国家的经济愈加恶化”。B 项的“aggravate 使恶化，加重”符合题意。如

20、：Grief aggravated herillness(痛苦加重了她的病情)。其他三项“exaggerate 夸张，夸大；amend 修改，修订，订正，改进，改善；fasten 扎牢，集中于，加强”都不正确。9.Animals can become unusually _ when they are upset by a sudden environmental change.（分数：2.00）A.vigorousB.predominantC.aggressive D.irritable解析：解析：aggressive a.侵略的；好斗的；敢作敢为的；有进取心的。vigorous a.有力的

21、，用力的；精力充沛的。predominant a.占主导地位的：显著的。irritable a.易生气的，不耐烦的，烦躁的。10.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages _ patriotism.(2004 年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.obsoleteB.aggressive C.harmoniousD.amiable解析：解析：空格处是说鼓励带有挑衅性的爱

22、国精神。aggressive 的意思是“侵犯的，挑衅的”。与题意相符。而“obsolete 陈旧的，过时的；harmonious 和谐的：amiable 和蔼可亲的”都不正确。11.The moment someone broke into the factory, a burglar_rang in the police station.（分数：2.00）A.alarm B.warningC.bellD.threat解析：解析：alarm n.报警器；惊恐。warning n.警告。bell n.铃。threat n.威胁。12.The doctor _ me to the danger o

23、f not getting enough sleep.（分数：2.00）A.warnedB.advisedC.remindedD.alerted 解析：解析：alert(to)vt警告，使警惕(如：This alerted us to a new danger of aggressionWe must alert the nation to the need to solve these problems)。warn(ofagainst)vt警告，告诫(句型：warn sbofagainst dangerthat there is danger；warm sbnot to+动词原形)。advi

24、se vt劝告，建议(句型；advise sbon sthto+动词原形/advise that sbdo sth)。remind vt.提醒，使想起(句型：remind sbof sthto+动词原形；remind sbthat)13.The twins are so much _ that it is difficult to tell one from the other.（分数：2.00）A.similarB.sameC.likeD.alike 解析：解析：alike a.同样的，相像的(只作表语)。similar(to)a.类似，相似。same a.相同的，一样的(必须与定冠词连用)

25、。like a.相像的，相同的(作衷语或定语)。14.The park was_with people doing all sorts of recreational activities.（分数：2.00）A.liveB.alive C.livelyD.vigorous解析：解析：alive(with)a.(常指某个地方充满着人或生物或活动等因而显得)活跃的。有活力的，充满(生气的)，到处是(如：The streets were alive with peopleThe lake was alive with fishThe place was alive with music)。live

26、a.(一般作定语)活的，有生命的，活生生存在的(不是假想的)。lively a.活泼的，充满活力的(作表语或定语，后面不跟 with)。vigorous a.有力的，用力的；精力充沛的(表语或定语，修饰人或活动)。15.The doctor promised that this medicine would _ the pain in the stomach.(2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.affirmedB.agitatedC.alleviate D.allocate解析：解析：四个选项的意思分别是：affirmed 断言，肯定；agitated 使激动的，使不

27、安的；alleviate减轻，使(痛苦，疾病)缓和；allocate 分配，拨出。根据句子意思可知，正确答案是 C 选项。如：What good method can alleviate hypoglycemia low blood pressure?(有什么好方法能缓解低血糖低血压?)16.Though this apparatus is expensive, the patient agreed to use it after the operation because it could_ the pain.(2004 年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.assessB.allevi

28、ate C.avengeD.affirm解析：解析：本题意为“尽管这种医疗器械很贵，但病人同意手术后使用它，因为它能减轻痛苦”。alleviate 的意思是“减轻”，符合题意。如：Heat often alleviates pain(热常常能减缓疼痛)。其他三项“assess 对进行估价，评价；avenge 替报仇；affirm 断言，证实；批准”都不正确。17.The medicine_his pain but did not cure his illness.(2015 年北京航空大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.activatedB.alleviated C.deterioratedD

29、.mediated解析：解析：alleviated 意为“减轻，缓解”。根据句意：“这种药缓解了他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病”，故选 B。其他三项中，A 项意为“触发”；C 项意为“使恶化”：D 项意为“调解”，都不符合句意。18.England and France formed a(n) _ against Germany in the Second World War.（分数：2.00）A.unionB.alliance C.entityD.solidarity解析：解析：alliance(withagainst)n结盟，联盟；联姻(如：They are in alliance with

30、 eachotherThe Amcrican colonies joined in an alliance against the British)。union n结合，联合；合并；团结，一致。entity n实体，独立存在体；实际存在物。solidarity n(政治上的)团结一致。19.The boy had certainly done wrong, but his father made _ for his youth.（分数：2.00）A.allowances B.excusesC.pleasD.accounts解析：解析：make allowances for 考虑到，顾及；体谅，

31、原谅。20.The small country _ itself with the stronger power for protection.（分数：2.00）A.attachedB.allied C.gearedD.adapted解析：解析：ally(with)vt使结盟(如：Britain has been allied with Portugal for many centuriesWill the workers of the factories ally against the big employers?)。attach(to)vt使附属，使依恋。gear(to)vt使适应，使适

32、合。adapt(to)v.(使)适应，(使)适合。21.She had to_her dress because she had lost weight.（分数：2.00）A.changeB.modifyC.alter D.shrink解析：解析：alter v.改变，变更(如：His feature had not alteredNothing can alter the factsIf your new coat is too large，the tailor can alter it to fit you)(衣服由大改小)。change vt改变，更改；换。modify vt(稍加)修改

33、，更改，改进(计划、设计、立场、态度、观点、看法等)。shrink vi.收缩；起皱；退缩，畏缩。22.When travelling, you are advised to lake travellers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.（分数：2.00）A.substituteB.replacementC.preferenceD.alternative 解析：解析：alternative(to)n.取舍，抉择；供选择的东两，替代办法。23.Many people proposed that a

34、national committee be formed to discuss _ to existing mass transit systems.(2003 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.substitutesB.measuresC.duplicatesD.alternatives 解析：解析：本题空格处是说，讨论替代现有的大规模的运输系统。四个选项中，alternatives 的意思是“代替物或方式”，常与 to 搭配，如：I wanted to go out,but I had no moneyI had no alternative to staying at home

35、(I have no alternative but to stay at home我想出去，可是没钱，只能待在家里。)substitutes 的意思是“代替，替代”，常与 for 搭配；measures 的意思是“措施”，常与 to 搭配；duplicates 的意思是“复制品”，常与 of 搭配。只有 D 项符合题意。24.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no _ but to report him to the local police.(

36、2002 年 3 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.timeB.chanceC.authorityD.alternative 解析：解析：本题空格处是说只能向当地警察局报告，没有其他选择。25.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.(2010 年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative 解析：解析：在给出的选项中：substitute“代替，代替物”：selection“选择”，指从相当数量中进行选择，强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；preference“喜欢，偏爱”，强凋选择时个人的偏爱；alternative“两者或两者以上挑一，取舍，抉择”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。