【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷111及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 111 及答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they

2、make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society“ is not on the horizonits already he

3、re. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep t

4、rack of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staff

5、ing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and whi

6、ch to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors , bring better and more efficient services to consu

7、mers through the use of computers.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to_.（分数：2.00）A.withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB.obtain more convenient services than other people doC.enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD.cash money wherever he wishes t

8、o(2).From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB.credit cards are mainly used in the United States todayC.nowadays many Americans do not pay in cashD.it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before(3).The p

9、hrase “ring up sales“(Line 2, Para. 2)most probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.make an order of goodsB.record sales on a cash registerC.call the sales managerD.keep track of the goods in stock(4).What is this passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B.Conveniences brou

10、ght about by computers in business.C.Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.D.Advantages of credit cards in business.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must

11、 be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.

12、Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understandingthe knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any

13、society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our s

14、ociety that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal.“ Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country s fo

15、unders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all childrenthe right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Rece

16、nt court decisions have confirmed the right of all childrendisabled or notto an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to

17、those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.（分数：8.00）(1).In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB.exceptional children are more influenc

18、ed by their families than normal children areC.exceptional children are the key interest of the family and societyD.the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children(2).The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_.（分数：2.0

19、0）A.they are expected to be leaders of the societyB.they might become a burden of the societyC.they should fully develop their potentialsD.disabled children deserve special consideration(3).This passage mainly deals with_.（分数：2.00）A.the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB.the def

20、inition of exceptional children in modern societyC.the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD.the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children(4).From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children_.（分数：2.00）A.is now enjoying legal supportB.dis

21、agrees with the tradition of the countryC.was clearly stated by the countrys foundersD.will exert great influence over court decisions“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,“ says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “Bu

22、t,“ he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.“ This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer

23、 from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000 , the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging 13 percent for lung cancer, and

24、 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas. With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic

25、 rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level

26、of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,“ says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.“ The prospects for cure,

27、though still distant, are brighter. “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counte

28、ract its action.“（分数：8.00）(1).The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to_.（分数：2.00）A.predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decadeB.indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are brightC.prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty yearsD.warn that there is still a lo

29、ng way to go before cancer can be conquered(2).The author implies that by the year 2000,_.（分数：2.00）A.there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patientsB.90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be livingC.the survival statistics will be fairly even amo

30、ng patients with various cancersD.there wont be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients(3).Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes_.（分数：2.00）A.that are always in operation in a healthy personB.which remain unharmful so long as they are not activatedC.that can be driven out of normal ce

31、llsD.which normal cells cant turn off(4).The word “dormant“ in the third paragraph most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.deadB.ever-presentC.inactiveD.potentialDiscoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds“ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alex

32、ander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and er

33、ror. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime differen

34、ce between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creati

35、ve thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,“ wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make lif

36、e more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?“ The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the bes

37、t-known and apparently simplest route. The innovators will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.（分数：8.00）(1).What do

38、es the author probably mean by “untaught mind“ in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.B.A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C.A person who has had no education.D.An individual who often comes up with new ideas by acciden

39、t.(2).According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?（分数：2.00）A.The variety of ideas they have.B.The intelligence they possess.C.The way they deal with problems.D.The way they present their findings.(3).The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because_.（分数：2.00）A.R

40、udolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativityB.the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing thingsC.the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of viewD.the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously present

41、ed(4).The phrase “march to a different drummer“(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creative individuals are_.（分数：2.00）A.diligent in pursuing their goalsB.reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC.devoted to the progress of scienceD.concerned about the advance of society考博英语（阅读理

42、解）模拟试卷 111 答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many

43、 banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society“ is not on the horizonits already here. While

44、 computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of t

45、heir list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assig

46、nments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to dro

47、p. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors , bring better and more efficient services to consumers thro

48、ugh the use of computers.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to_.（分数：2.00）A.withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB.obtain more convenient services than other people do C.enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD.cash money wherever he wishes to解析：解析：本

49、题是细节题，从第 1 段可以得出答案。信用卡持有者可以在商店、饭店、宾馆，在当地、整个国内甚至国外结账，同时他们还能得到银行提供的许多服务。越来越多的信用卡可以自动读取，使持卡人可以在不同地方存取款，无论本地支行是否营业。因此 B 项为正确答案。(2).From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB.credit cards are mainly used in the United States todayC.nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash D.it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before解析：解析：A 项、B 项、D 项均不正确。第 1 段最后一句话指出：对于我们中的许多人来说，“无现金社会”不是刚刚兴起，而是早已存在。故 C 是正确答案。(3).The phr