【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷113及答案解析.doc

1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 113 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and vario

2、us traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpists accompaniment; the verb us

3、ed in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one

4、of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion“, or “Hound Dog“, our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same. The most important prerequisi

5、te for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the inte

6、grity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poems vision on pain of writing only the derivative or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyric

7、s of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music_.（分数：2.00）A.is a debatable topicB.can be made but in

8、 a limited wayC.is indisputable if you analyse historyD.needs to be acknowledged more by poets(2).The author cites Beowulf in order to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.the distance between song and poetry is not so greatB.a song like Beowulf can sound like a poemC.English poetry is highly connected to songsD.s

9、ongs generally evolve into poetry over time(3).Which of the following statements is true, according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.The lyrics of a song are no different from the lyrics of poetry.B.Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.C.The differences between poetry and song lyric

10、s have been overstated.D.It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.(4).A poem or a song can be significant when_.（分数：2.00）A.it is done by a faithful writerB.the writer has a personal vision of the poem or songC.it is written within the vision of the poem, song

11、, poet or songwriterD.the writer is willing to go outside of the vision(5).In the text, the author focuses on_.（分数：2.00）A.the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetryB.the various ways songs and poems are similarC.the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre

12、onesD.how to evaluate a poem and a songs value from a lyrical standpointWhatever their chosen method, Americans bathe zealously. A study conducted found that we take an average of 4.5 baths and 7.5 showers each week and in the ranks of non-edible items purchased by store customers, bar soap ranks se

13、cond, right after toilet paper. We spend more than $700 million annually on soaps, but all work the same way. Soap is composed of molecules that at one end attract water and at the other end attract oil and dirt, while repelling water. With a kind of pushing and pulling action, the soap loosens the

14、bonds holding dirt to the skin. Unless youre using a germicidal soap, it usually doesnt kill the bacteria soap simply removes bacteria along with dirt and oil. Neither baths nor showers are all that necessary and unless youre in a Third World country where infectious diseases are common, or you have

15、 open sores on your skin, the dirt and bacteria arent going to hurt. The only reason for showering or bathing is to feel clean and refreshed. There is a physiological basis for this relaxed feeling. Your limbs become slightly buoyant in bathwater, which takes a load off muscles and tension. Moreover

16、, if the water is hotter than normal body temperature, the body attempts to shed heat by expanding the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, lessening the circulatory systems resistance to blood flow, and dropping blood pressure gently. A bath is also the most effective way to hydrate the skin

17、. The longer you soak, the more water gets into the skin and because soap lowers the surface tension of the water, it helps you hydrate rapidly and remove dry skin flakes. However, in a bath, all the dirt and grime and the soap in which its suspended float on the surface. So when you stand up, it co

18、vers your body like a film. The real solution is to take a bath and then rinse off with a shower, however, after leaving a tub or freshly exposed skin becomes a playground for microbes. In two hours, you probably have as many bacteria on certain parts of the body, such as the armpits, as before the

19、bath.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “Americans bathe zealously“(Line 1, Para. 1)is closest to saying_.（分数：2.00）A.Americans bathe wastefullyB.Americans are rather ambivalent to bathingC.Americans bathe with intense enthusiasmD.Americans bathe too much(2).Which of the following is mentioned as one of the

20、 benefits of bathing?（分数：2.00）A.Dry skins flakes will disappear from the body once you get out of the bathtub.B.It kills bacteria better than showering.C.It reduces your blood circulation if it is nice and warm.D.The floating action can reduce the stress on your muscles.(3).According to the text, ba

21、thing removes dry skin flakes because_.（分数：2.00）A.the soap draw it off the bodyB.the skin hydratesC.the circulation of blood expands skin particlesD.the change in blood pressure releases the film(4).A bath will not kill the bacteria from your body even if_.（分数：2.00）A.you use a germicidal soapB.use a

22、n anti-bacterial soapC.you use soap to scrub it vigorouslyD.you are under special treatment for it(5).We can infer from this text that the author believes_.（分数：2.00）A.the real benefits of bathing are psychological not hygienicB.bathing is superior to taking showerC.buying soap is a waste of moneyD.w

23、e do not need to bathe as much as we do currentlyVery soon, unimaginably powerful technologies will remake our lives. This could have dangerous consequences, especially because we may not even understand the basic science underlying them. Theres a growing gap between our technological capability and

24、 our underlying scientific understanding. We can do very clever things with the technology of the future without necessarily understanding some of the science underneath, and that is very dangerous. The technologies that are particularly dangerous over the next hundred years are nanotechnology, arti

25、ficial intelligence and biotechnology. The benefits they will bring are beyond doubt but they are potentially very dangerous. In the field of artificial intelligence there are prototype designs for something that might be 50,000 million times smarter than the human brain by the year 2010. The only t

26、hing not feasible in the film Terminator is that the people win. If youre fighting against technology that is that much smarter than you, you probably will not win. Weve all heard of the grey goo problem that self-replicating nanotech devices might keep on replicating until the world has been reduce

27、d to sticky goo, and certainly in biotechnology, weve really got a big problem because its converging with nanotechnology. Once you start mixing nanotech with organisms and you start feeding nanotech enabled bacteria, we can go much further than the Borg in Star Trek, and those superhuman organisms

28、might not like us very much. We are in a world now where science and commerce are increasingly bedfellows. The development of technology is happening in the context of global free trade regimes which see technological diffusion embedded with commerce as intrinsically a good. We should prepare for ne

29、w and unfamiliar forms of argument around emerging technologies.（分数：10.00）(1).From the text, we know that the authors greatest worry is_.（分数：2.00）A.our lack of technological understanding of the process involvedB.our lack of technological capabilityC.creating technology without really understanding

30、the issuesD.our refusal to face the consequences of the technology we create(2).It can be inferred from the text that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.thinks people overestimate the capabilities of technologyB.is not optimistic that artificial intelligence will always be used positivelyC.thinks that we should

31、 take science fiction movies more seriouslyD.believes artificial intelligence is the greatest threat we face technologically(3).Why does the author say it is not feasible in the film Terminator that the humans win?（分数：2.00）A.Because the power of the technology was exaggerated.B.Because the strength

32、of the machines would be much greater.C.Because machines with that much intelligence would not allow it.D.Because even heroic humans would achieve nothing from such a battle.(4).The mixing of nanotech with organisms may_.（分数：2.00）A.produce dangerous viruses capable of killing many peopleB.produce cr

33、eatures that are unfriendly to humansC.upset our balance of natureD.reduce the world to sticky glue(5).The authors attitude toward the emerging technologies is_.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.skepticalC.provocativeD.alarmistThe long, wet summer here in the northeastern U.S. notwithstanding, theres a world sho

34、rtage of pure, fresh water. As demand for water hits the limits of finite supply, potential conflicts are brewing between nations that share transboundary freshwater reserves. Many people ask why we cannot simply take it from the sea, using our sophisticated technology of desalinization. But a good

35、water supply must be hygienically safe and pleasant tasting and water containing salt would corrode machinery used in manufacturing in addition to producing chemical impurities. Since more than 95% of our water sits in the salty seas, man is left to face the reality that most water on the surface of

36、 the earth is not available for us. One very feasible way of sustaining our supply of freshwater is to protect the ecology of our mountains. Mountains and water go together, a fact to which Secretary General Kofi Annan has drawn attention more than once. From 30% to 60% of downstream fresh water in

37、humid areas and up to 95% in arid and semi-arid environments are supplied by mountains. Without interference nature has its own way of purifying water even though chlorination and filtration are still necessary as a precaution. In a mountainous area, aeration, due to turbulent flow and waterfalls, c

38、auses an exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the water. Agriculture, industry, hydroelectric generators and homes that need water to drink and for domestic use depend on these resources and, thus, we must protect mountainous areas as a means of survival.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of this text

39、 states that_.（分数：2.00）A.the problem of obtaining good drinking water has plagued man throughout timeB.palatability is synonymous with purity of waterC.most of the worlds water is unusable as a water supplyD.man no longer depends on desalinization for his water supply(2).The author believes that ind

40、ustry avoids salt water because_.（分数：2.00）A.water is needed for livestockB.crops must be considered before man-made productsC.it is used in desalinization plantsD.it causes corrosion(3).Streams would purify themselves if not for_.（分数：2.00）A.human beingsB.natureC.chlorinationD.mountains(4).By saying

41、that nature “has its own way of purifying water“(Line 5, Para. 3)the author is referring to_.（分数：2.00）A.aerationB.filtrationC.chlorinationD.absorption(5).The best title for this text is_.（分数：2.00）A.The Water Problem: The Dangers AheadB.The Water Supply Problem: Our OptionsC.The Mountains: Our Only H

42、ope for WaterD.Water Conservation: The Challenges Ahead考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 113 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these t

43、he one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been re

44、ad or chanted to a harpists accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of

45、Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion“, or “Hound Dog“, our criteria for evaluating the wo

46、rk must remain the same. The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these ar

47、e the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poems vision on pain of writing only the derivative or the trivi

48、al. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and musi

49、c_.（分数：2.00）A.is a debatable topicB.can be made but in a limited wayC.is indisputable if you analyse history D.needs to be acknowledged more by poets解析：解析：作者在第 1 段指出，诗歌与音乐自古就密不可分。据此可知，C 项为正确答案。(2).The author cites Beowulf in order to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.the distance between song and poetry is not so greatB.a song like Beowulf can sound like a poemC.English poetry is highly connected to songs D.songs generally evolve into poetry over time解析：解析：本文第 1 段中，从历史角度说明诗歌与音乐密切相