【考研类试卷】南京大学真题2009年及答案解析.doc

1、南京大学真题 2009年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION STRUCTURE (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The government has to decide whether cost or concern for the environment should take_ when choosing the route for the new road crossing the well-known scenic spot.A. solution B. sight C. intellect D.

2、 precedence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Trimmer is known as a tough manager who demands _results.A. credible B. undeniable C. dynamic D. tangible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a _ of Henry Kissinger.A. casualty B. criteria C. dissection D. necessity（分数：1.00）A.

3、B.C.D.4.It was a type of urban story that continues to _ big-city dwellers forward each day, a tale of hard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into ones own hands to make dreams come true.A. propel B. penetrate C. baffle D. harness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.This is a market in which enterp

4、rising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms.A. cater B. entitle C. appeal D. subject（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise

5、the greater good for the greater number.A. inquisitively B. inconceivably C. appaUingly D. impartially（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.A. prophecies B. transactions C. arguments D. hindrances（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.As

6、we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or_our attention from the real issues at hand.A. retaining B. sustaining C. distracting D. obscuring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Is it proper for the government to _ public opinion through self-serving, one-sided journalism?A. touch B. hunt C.

7、 sway D. proceed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The editor spent hours _ every single page of that hick novel, looking for the slightest error.A. decorating B. scrutinizing C. remedying D. shattering（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.According to psychoanalysis, a persons attention is attracted_by the intensity of different s

8、ignals _ by their context, significance, and information content.A. not less than, as B. as, just as C. so much, as D. not so much, as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12._, he did become annoyed with her at times.A. Much as he liked her B. As he liked her muchC. Although much he liked her D. Much although he liked

9、her（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.“They said what we always knew.“ Said an administration source, _A. he asked not to be named B. who asked not to be namedC. who asked not be named D. who asked not named（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist_A. who

10、 is pure and simple B. being pure and simpleC. pure and simple D. as pure and simple（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15._a declining birth rate, there will be an over-supply of 35 000 primary school places by 2010, _ leaving 35 schools idle.A. Coupled with, equals to B. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with,

11、equivalent to D. Coupling with, equals to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.John wishes now that he _ the Spring Festival at home.A. spent B. had spent C. has spent D. did spend（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Not until the 1980s _ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned

12、citizens B. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizens D. did some concerned citizens（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The team leader of mountain climbers marked out_A. that seemed to be the best route B. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best route D. something that to be th

13、e best route（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even _A. to consider supporting it B. considering to support itC. to considering to support it D. considering supporting it（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20._ anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A. I

14、n order that B. Lest C. If D. Providing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justices. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in courtroom is not as 21 as commonly believed

15、. Recent studies do not support the degree of judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, “Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 22 “, as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commo

16、nly held perceptions about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 23 change, it should not be underestimated.In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries assess its Fallibility. The paper points out that memory is c

17、omplex, and reliability of any persons recall must be assessed 24 .Both common sense and research say memory declines over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 25 their best immediately after encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the

18、more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 26 the original memory, which reduces accuracy.The paper says 27 interviews or media reports can create such distortions. “People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 28 when the passage of time allows the or

19、iginal memory to fade, and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 29 as fact.“Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then integrate it to produce something 30 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, “Further, wit

20、nesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are verifiably false./（分数：10.00）(1).A. trustful B. reliable C. innocent D. considerable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Manifestation B. Declaration C. Presentation D. Testimony（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. subject to B. liable fo

21、r C. incapable of D. attributable to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. interactively B. comparatively C. horizontally D. individually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. at B. in C. on D. upon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. with B. in C. at D. on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. consequent B. successive C. subsequent D. preceding（分数：1.00）A.

22、B.C.D.(8).A. altered B. transformed C. converted D. modified（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. misinformation B. mistreatment C. misguidance D. misjudgment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. other B. rather C. more D. less（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION READING CO(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Passage 1Is language, like food, a basic human

23、need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the in

24、fants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nev

25、ertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they mi

26、ght never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started

27、 late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1 000 words which

28、he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a chil

29、d to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has t

30、o be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends

31、out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.（分数：8.00）(1).The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was_A. to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB. to discover what language a child would speak with

32、out hearing any human speechC. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_A. they are incapable of learn

33、ing language rapidlyB. they are exposed to too much language at onceC. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?A. The faculty of speech is inb

34、orn in man.B. Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C. Human brain is capable of language analysis at very early age.D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _ in the future.A

35、. have a high IQB. be insensitive to verbal signalsC. be less intelligentD. not necessarily be backward（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 2Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and be

36、lieved cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increas

37、ed and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears an

38、d suspicions with them. These new urbanites, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage system were

39、 usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would change exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state govern

40、ments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.While some reforms focused on go

41、vernment and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrializat

42、ion and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulati

43、ng future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth centuryB. The role of government in twenti

44、eth-century urban renewalC. Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth centuryD. Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to_A. participate in the urban reformB. seek f

45、inancial securityC. comply with a government ordinanceD. avoid crime and corruption（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?A. They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwells.B. They believed private ownership would slow eco

46、nomic growth.C. They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.D. They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why does the author mention “industrialization“ in line 4, para. 3?A. To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly de

47、signed cities.B. To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas.C. To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem.D. To illustrate the need for construction of new factories.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 3The period of adolescence, i.e, the period between childhood and adulthood, maybe l

48、ong or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with pattems of prolonged education coupled with laws against chi

49、ld labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an a