【考研类试卷】南京大学真题2010年及答案解析.doc

1、南京大学真题 2010年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION STRUCTURE (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Directions: There ar(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her _A. whirl B shift C. shiver D. shake（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he

2、became a man with a strong_A. philosophy B idealism C. morality D. personality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.All was dark in the district except for a candle _ though the curtains in one of the houses.A. glimmering B glittering C. flaming D. blazing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.“Me, afraid of him?“ he said with a(n)_ smil

3、e.A. contemptible B amusing C. corroded D. rained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He will simply not listen to anybody; he is _ to argument.A. impervious B imperceptible C. impassable D. blunt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.We are prepared to satisfy all your_ claims.A. legitimate B legible C. intimate D. legislative（分数：1.00）

4、A.B.C.D.7.If the dispute is not settled in a(n) _ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.A. amiable B. amicable C. inimical D. unfriendly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.After a years hard work I think I am _ to a long holiday.A. entailed B. deserved C. entitled D. satisfied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It was

5、 my sad duty to_the news of Johns death to his family.A. submit B. break C. say D. proclaim（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.There are some very beautifully_ glass windows in the church.A. designed B. drawn C. marked D. stained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be _ w

6、ith either money or secret information.A. entrusted B. committed C. consigned D. assigned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was _timed with the planes take-off.A. spontaneously B. instantaneously C. simultaneously D. conscien

7、tiously（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The middle-aged woman has been _ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now.A. laid down B. laid off C. laid up D. laid in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The reception was attended by various_members of the local community and representatives of regional industries.A. pr

8、otuberant B. conspicuous C. prominent D. projecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring some schools _ a quarter system comprised of spring, fall, winter, and summer quarters.A. manipulate B. stipulat

9、e C. regulate D. observe（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Agriculture must, therefore, _workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved.A. yield B. succumb C. subject D. resort（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Women have significant advantages over men in space because the

10、y need less food and less oxygen and they _ radiation better.A. stand up to B. stand in for C. stand up for D. stand in with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.There is a direct flight at 3:00 or a flight 7:30 in the morning that _ in Los Angles.A. stops by B. stop in C. stops over D. stops up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Di

11、ana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into _to her going to the United States to study business administration in MIT.A. contending B. contesting C. contenting D. consenting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The students take a _ test in March, and the main exam is in July.A. previous B. preliminary C.

12、preceded D. elementary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Directions: There ar(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the interval he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things 21 he stands in more fear than of the 22 of noise. E

13、ven his conversation is 23 a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of 24 of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine p

14、ercent of human conversation means 25 the buzzing of a fly, but he longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is man and not a wax-work figure. The object of conversation is not, 26 the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. Most buzzing, 27 is agreeable to the ear,

15、 and some of it is agreeable even to the 28 . He would be a foolish man, however, who waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who despise the weather as a conversational opening seem to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few

16、 human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are 29 if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other peoples ears though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during which they have said

17、nothing at immense length, they justly 30 themselves on their success as conversationalists.（分数：10.00）(1).A. of which B. in which C. with which D. by which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. presence B. abundance C. existence D, absence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. in great measure B. in brief C. all in all D. at lea

18、st（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. admiration B. envy C. amazement D. revenge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. more than B. no less than C. rather than D. no more than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. for B. in C. at D. on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. particularly B. unfortunately C. fortunately D. utterly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. mind

19、 B. mentality C. intelligence D. wit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. disgusted B. content C. disgraced D. discouraged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. prey B. model C. respect D. pride（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION READING CO(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Passage 1Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which

20、human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive; knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were benef

21、icial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without f

22、riends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incen

23、tives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As ind

24、ividuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emoti

25、ons in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good“ and others are “bad“, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat

26、 and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform impo

27、rtant tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.（分数：8.00）(1).The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a wo

28、rld without emotion is that_A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC. they would not be happy with a life without loveD. they would not know how to protect themselves and not to hurt each other（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2

29、).According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they_A. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB. benefit from providing help and support to one anotherC. understand what is vital to the progress of societyD. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right

30、thing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _A. the capacity to compete for success B. the ability to work for pleasureC. the capacity to enjoy making money D. the ability to make money（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Emotions are signifi

31、cant for mans survival and adaptation because _A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB. they are the basis for the social feelings by which society is maintainedC. they encourage people to perform courageous achievementsD. they generate more love than hate among

32、people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 2With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures who may or may not exist, technicians looking for celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes data hinting at planetary syste

33、ms around other stars, and political groups trying to figure our how to save humanity from nuclear warfare that would damage life and eliminate on a planet-wide scale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation age. Astronomy has broadened

34、 to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipses and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and Russia planning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust may one day be se

35、en as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth.Todays astronomy students not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest o

36、f the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors, philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion.Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help todays students realize that un

37、seen worlds of space are real places-not abstract concepts. Todays students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade age.In designing this edition, the Wadsworh editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the star

38、t into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanitys discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance

39、 and scale.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the author imply about the “mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources“ at the end of paragraph 1 ?A. He doubts that they will attract the younger generation in the futureB. He expects that the more worthy space adventures w

40、ill replace themC. He assumes that they are as difficult to solve as the astronomy issuesD. He believes that space adventures are more thought-provoking than them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The authors purpose in presenting the first paragraph is_A. to explain the changed background and new features of tod

41、ays astronomyB. to inform of the most up to date achievements in the astronomy researchC. to introduce the importance of astronomy to the world developmentD. to arouse interest in modern astronomy among his readers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author believes that todays astronomy students_A. may have le

42、ss interest in the astronomical factsB. are much brighter than students of a generation agoC. are less concerned with problems faced on the earthD. may learn more about man through the study of astronomy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “these developments“ (in the last paragraph) refers to all of

43、 the following EXCEPT_A. the world-wide involvement in space explorationB. human new achievements in the field of astronomyC. the development of science fiction and special effects of filmsD. the new concepts about the universe acquired by todays students（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage 3Of all the elements

44、 in the advertising mix, creativity is the least quantifiable, yet it has potentially the greatest leverage on the media dollars spent. The best way to understand the importance of creativity in advertising is to understand what it does for the advertiser. Creativity first separates the individual a

45、dvertisement from all the advertisements surrounding it. In the process of doing that, creativity achieves its real goal: to separate the brand in a positive and motivating way from all other brands in the product category.It may be possible to do something like this through sheer media weight, by s

46、imply outspending your competitors. But creativity is usually the least expensive way to make both ad and brand stand out in the crowd. This is not to say it is necessarily the best way. The best way to make a brand stand out is to put a significantly superior or unique product behind it. In the rea

47、l world, however, competition and technology virtually force parity upon products in the same category- close similarity in function, quality, price, and often appearance.Can you give a branded parity product distinction through unique advertising strategy? Sometimes still, that is a very limited op

48、portunity. Brands of parity products all marketed to the same group of consumers most likely will have the same advertising strategy, because it is the only one that makes sense. Dishwashing liquids will need to communicate efficacy and mildness, fluoride toothpaste cavity-prevention and taste, spor

49、ts cars performance and status and so on.When brands all have the same essential advertising strategies, what is it that makes one brands advertising more salient and more effective? It is the creativity with which the strategy has been executed.When advertising works, it works because it makes something happen inside the consumer. An advertisement is, after all, no more than a set of stimuli intended to evoke a set of desired respons