【考研类试卷】南京大学考博英语真题2011年及答案解析.doc

1、南京大学考博英语真题 2011 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION STRUCTURE (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he _ childhood processes from adult memory.（分数：1.00）A.reconstructedB.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered2.Some social critics took

2、a dim view of the industrialism of the nineteenth century, believing that it _ a harsh, crude life-style.（分数：1.00）A.eradicatedB.facilitatedC.releasedD.imagined3.The spelling of many Old English words has been _ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.（分数：1.00）A.preservedB.

3、preemptedC.revisedD.improved4.The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly _ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.（分数：1.00）A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable5.I am _ to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me w

4、hen I first got here.（分数：1.00）A.gratifiedB.indebtedC.dueD.desirous6.The _ feature in Ted“s character was pride; he couldn“t ever think of depending on anyone but himself.（分数：1.00）A.controllingB.prevailingC.predominantD.primary7.If you _ the principle of democratic government to your family you will

5、run into some obvious difficulties.（分数：1.00）A.carryB.trackC.manipulateD.adapt8.I“ll go to the airport tomorrow morning to _ a good friend who leaves for Australia.（分数：1.00）A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure9.Stanley was _ by what I had said and when I realized this, I apologized to him for

6、 being so tactless.（分数：1.00）A.woundedB.frustratedC.resentedD.offended10.The manager promised to pay them well and in return he would expect their loyalty and _.（分数：1.00）A.executionB.commitmentC.enduranceD.persistence11.She is trying to _ him by phone as she has some very important news for him.（分数：1

7、00）A.touchB.reachC.connectD.attain12.Old beliefs die hard; even when jobs became _, the long-standing fear that unemployment could return at a moment“s notice persisted.（分数：1.00）A.preciousB.pervasiveC.plentifulD.persuasive13.The _ to the advertisement she placed in the newspapers was very good; ove

8、r a hundred letters of application were received.（分数：1.00）A.responseB.answerC.correspondenceD.echo14.They are no longer on speaking terms because she _ his confidence.（分数：1.00）A.exposedB.destroyedC.provedD.betrayed15._ a continuous mass of water on the Earth“s surface, all continents are islands in

9、the strict sense of the word.（分数：1.00）A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form16.His family watched until the plane _ behind the clouds.（分数：1.00）A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished17.Using many symbols makes _ to put a large amount of information on a sin

10、gle map.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.it possibleC.it is possibleD.that possible18.The gloves were really too small, and it was only by _ them that I managed to get them on.（分数：1.00）A.spreadingB.squeezingC.extendingD.stretching19.The report criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent o

11、n the ability to pay, charging that, as a result, hundreds of qualified young people would be _ further education.（分数：1.00）A.entitled toB.striving forC.deprived ofD.participating in20._ choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of city life.（分数：1.00）A.Large

12、 number of peopleB.So large number of people toC.There are large number of peopleD.Large number of people who三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Without exposure to the cultural, intellectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that 1 generations. On the one hand, su

13、ch exclusion tends to 2 us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impossible task; On the other hand, it tends to make us 3 , to suggest that we are indeed the creators of the world and of all good ideas 4 in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. 5 entirely to ourselves, we coul

14、d make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom. While the humanities overlap the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of necessity to the sciences and to technology. Some of the 6 of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be 7 , what ideals deserve 8 . But since it is

15、 futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get things done, effective study in the humanities requires respect for and attainment of factual knowledge and technological skill. 9 , it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, s

16、o that informed study in applied science demands 10 in the humanities.（分数：10.00）A.crossedB.passes downC.survivesD.existsA.warnB.facilitateC.compelD.encourageA.arrogantB.exhaustedC.productiveD.reliableA.sinceB.whenC.whereasD.whichA.ProvidedB.LeftC.ReservedD.KeptA.arenasB.communitiesC.subjectsD.discip

17、linesA.followedB.investigatedC.servedD.abandonedA.identificationB.maintenanceC.reverenceD.endeavorA.SimilarlyB.ContrarilyC.VirtuallyD.LiterallyA.concentrationB.presuppositionC.revelationD.reflection四、SECTION READING CO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Plato-who may have understood better what

18、 forms the mind of man than do some of our contemporaries who want their children exposed only to “real“ people and everyday events-knew what intellectual experiences make for true humanity. He suggested that the future citizens of his ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling o

19、f myths, rather than with mere facts or so-called rational teachings. Even Aristotle, master of pure reason, said, “The friend of wisdom is also a friend of myth.“ Modem thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a philosophical or psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, reg

20、ardless of their original persuasion. Mircea Eliade, for one, describes these stories as “models for human behavior that give meaning and value to life.“ He and others suggest that myths and fairy tales were derived from, or give symbolic expression to, initiation rites or rites of passagesuch as me

21、taphoric death of an old, inadequate self in order to be reborn on a higher plane of existence. He feels that this is why these tales meet a strongly felt need and are carriers of such deep meaning. Other investigations with a depth-psychological orientation emphasize the similarities between the fa

22、ntastic events in myths and fairy tales and those in adult dreams and daydreamsthe fulfillment of wishes, the winning out over all competitors, the destruction of enemies-and conclude that one attraction of this literature is its expression of that which is normally prevented from coming to awarenes

23、s. There are, however, very significant differences between fairy tales and dreams. There is general agreement that myths and fairy tales speak to us in the language of symbols representing unconscious content. Their appeal is simultaneously to our conscious mind, and to our ideals as well. This mak

24、es it very effective; and in the tale“s content, inner psychological phenomena are given in symbolic form.（分数：8.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author quotes Plato and Aristotle primarily in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.define the nature of mythB.contrast their opposing points of viewC.support the poi

25、nt that myths are valuableD.prove that myths originated in ancient times(2).In paragraph 2, the word “persuasion“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.enticementB.convincing forceC.political partyD.opinion(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the author“s interest in fairy tales centers chiefly on their _.（分数：

26、2.00）A.literary qualitiesB.historical backgroundC.psychological relevanceD.ethical weakness(4).Which of the following best describes the author“s attitude toward fairy tales?（分数：2.00）A.Open approvaB.Reluctant fascinationC.Indulgent toleranceD.Wary skepticism六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Historians have

27、long known that there were two sides to the Populist movement of the 1890s: a progressive side, embodying the protests of formers against big business, and a darker side, marked by a distrust of Easterners, immigrants, and intellectuals. In the 1950s, one school of U.S. social thinkers constructed a

28、 parallel between this dark side of Populism and the contemporary anti-Communist crusade spearheaded by Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, which attacked liberalism, Eastern intellectuals, and civil liberties in general. To Seymour Martin Lipset, McCarthyism represented “the sour dregs of Populism“;

29、 to Edward Shils, McCarthyism, like Populism, exemplified “the ambiguous American impulse toward “direct democracy“.“ Nothing that McCarthyism and Populism had both found their strongest support in the agrarian Midwest, Lipset argued that voters who backed agrarian protest movements during earlier e

30、conomic crises had supported McCarthy in the post-World period of prosperity. In the eyes of writers like Lipset, the appeal of McCarthyism extended beyond the agrarian base of Populism to include urban groups such as industrial workers. Lipset claimed that “the lower classes, especially the workers

31、 had backed McCarthy. In a more sweeping fashion, Lewis Feuer claimed that “it was the American lower class.who gave their overwhelming support to the attacks in recent years in civil liberties.“ Writing a few years later, political scientist Michael Paul Rogin challenged these superficially plausi

32、ble notions, contending that they merely embodied the writers“ own assumptions about the supposed intolerance of lower class groups, rather than a valid interpretation of McCarthyism. Rogin critically examined their assertions by the simple method of testing them against the evidence. He tested Lips

33、et“s claims about the continuity of McCarthyism and earlier agrarian protest movements by breaking down statewide voting statistics on a county-by-county basis. He found that Wisconsin counties that had voted strongly for Progressives before World War did not support McCarthy; McCarthy“s support was

34、 concentrated in his home region and in ethnic German areas that had been traditionally conservative. The old Progressive vote had in fact gone to McCarthy“s opponents, the Democrats. To test Lipset“s generalizations about McCarthy“s support among class groups, Rogin attempted to determine whether i

35、ndustrial workers had, in fact, backed McCarthy. Correlating income and employment statistics with voting records, Rogin found that the greater the employment in industry in a given Wisconsin county, the lower was McCarthy“s share of the vote. Rogin concluded that the thesis of “McCarthyism as Popul

36、ism“ should be judged “not as the product of science but as a.venture into conservative political theory.“（分数：8.00）(1).The author would probably assert the Populism and McCarthyism _.（分数：2.00）A.were completely opposite in characterB.were responses to, respectively, agrarian and industrial conditions

37、C.were essentially dissimilar movements that shared some common featuresD.each had both a progressive and a darker side(2).It can be inferred that Rogin“s most serious criticism of Lipset, Feuer, and Shils“s methodology would probably be that they _.（分数：2.00）A.reached in correct conclusions about Mc

38、CarthyB.failed to examine the evidence that could support or weaken their conclusionsC.equated support for McCarthyism with anti-intellectualismD.placed too much emphasis on the dual character of Populism(3).According to the passage, Rogin concluded that the writings of Lipset, Shils and Feuer _.（分数

39、2.00）A.intentionally distorted historical evidenceB.were flawed by political presuppositionsC.lent support to attack on civil libertiesD.were marked by anti-intellectual bias(4).The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.discoveries describing an instance of flawed historical analysisB.adv

40、ocating the use of statistical methods in historical researchC.examining the similarities between two political movementsD.explaining why historical conclusions should be revised according to later revelations七、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：8.00)According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies s

41、pent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10-12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time d

42、evoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoon as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870“s, but did not beco

43、me common in the United States until the 1920“s. In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just 50 hours by the start of the 1930“s. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he annou

44、nced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers. The Depression years of the 1930“s brought with them the notion of job sharing to

45、spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modern low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustment

46、s in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek, and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has

47、set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Why people in preindus

48、trial societies worked few hours per weekB.Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per weekC.A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industriesD.Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution(2).Compared to preindustrial times, the number of hou

49、rs in the workweek in the nineteenth century _.（分数：2.00）A.remained constantB.decreased slightlyC.decreased significantlyD.increased significantly(3).What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the United States during the 1930“s?（分数：2.00）A.Several people sometimes shared a single jobB.Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United StatesC.Several corporations increased the le