【考研类试卷】南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试初试英语真题2014年及答案解析.doc

1、南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试初试英语真题 2014年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)I1.Amandoesnotknowthedifficultyofanything_hedoesitpersonally. （分数：1.00）A.althoughB.ifC.becauseD.unless2.Idontremember_totheairportthatyear. （分数：1.00）A.to be takenB.being takenC.havingD.to take3.Welikedtheoilpaintingbetter_welookedatit. （分数：1.0

2、0）A.asB.whileC.theD.the more4.Idontskatenow,butI_whenIwasakid. （分数：1.00）A.used toB.am used to itC.usedD.used to do5.Hedidntseemtomind_TVwhilehewastryingtostudy （分数：1.00）A.them to watchB.that they watchC.their watchingD.watching6.FlightBA123toViennaisnowboardingat_. （分数：1.00）A.Gate 21B.21St GateC.the

3、 Gate 21D.21 Gate7.MayIhaveanotherchocolate? Yes,ofcourse._. （分数：1.00）A.Take it yourselfB.Eat it, pleasC.Help yourselfD.Have it yourself8.Heisntparticularabouthisfood. Yes,heeats_anything. （分数：1.00）A.nearlyB.mostlyC.almostD.possibly9._,wellcometoseeyouagain. （分数：1.00）A.If time will permitB.Time perm

4、itsC.Time permittingD.Time permitted10._youunderstandtherule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty. （分数：1.00）A.WhileB.OnceC.ThoughD.Unless11.Everyautumnthebearscanbeseen_aroundthistownofabout800people. （分数：1.00）A.wonderingB.wanderingC.windingD.wounding12.Thepopulationbombisa_thathasalreadyhappenedinsomepar

5、tsoftheworld,withterribleresults. （分数：1.00）A.distressB.miracleC.disasterD.giant13.Idowishyoucould_thesesheetsofpapertogether. （分数：1.00）A.mendB.repairC.pasteD.patch14.Cleaningoutthebasementwasa_job. （分数：1.00）A.tediousB.miserableC.marvelousD.desirable15.Whetherhecanpasstheexaminationisthoughttobe_forh

6、isgoingabroad. （分数：1.00）A.personalB.specialC.conventionalD.crucial16.Thelocalpolicemadean_intotheaccidentwhichcausedtendeaths. （分数：1.00）A.interferenceB.investigationC.interruptionD.interaction17.WhenhewasvisitingBrusselshe_ameetinganddemonstratedhisinvention. （分数：1.00）A.dressedB.suspendedC.addressed

7、D.prepared18.Ashewasgettingold,hismemoryofthepastbeganto_. （分数：1.00）A.reduceB.lessenC.rememberD.fade19.Astheycantaffordtoletthesituationgetworse,theywilltakesomenecessary_. （分数：1.00）A.decisionsB.ideasC.directionsD.steps20.Manydifficultieshave_asaresultofthechangetoanewtypeoffuel. （分数：1.00）A.risenB.r

8、eachedC.arisenD.arrivedIIPassage1 Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffe

9、edingthehumanrace,thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan. Saganbelievesthatbe

10、foretheearthsresourcesarecompletelyexhausteditwillbepossibletochangetheatmosphereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeasearthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere. Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospheresandatt

11、hesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartothoseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrockets.SpaceshipwillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsintotheatmosphere.Inafairlyshorttime,thealgaewillbreakdownthecarbondioxideintooxygenandcarbon. Whenthealgaehavedonetheirwork,the

12、atmospherewillbecomecooler,butbeforemancansetfootonVenusitwillbenecessaryfortheoxygentoproducerain.ThesurfaceoftheplanetwillstillbetoohotformantolandonitbuttherainwilleventuallyfallandinafewyearssomethinglikeearthwillbereproducedonVenus. （分数：7.50）(1).Inthelongrun,themostinsolubleproblemcausedbypopul

13、ationgrowthonearthwillprobablybethelackof_. （分数：1.50）A.foodB.oilC.spaceD.resources(2).CarlSaganbelievesthatVenusmightbecolonizedfromearthbecause_ （分数：1.50）A.it might be possible to change its atmosphereB.its atmosphere is the same as the earthsC.there is a good supply of water on VenusD.the days on

14、Venus are long enough(3).OnVenusthereisalotof_. （分数：1.50）A.waterB.carbon dioxideC.carbon monoxideD.oxygen(4).Algaeareplantsthatcan_. （分数：1.50）A.live in very hot temperaturesB.live in very cold temperaturesC.manufacture oxygenD.all of the above(5).MancanlandonVenusonlywhen_. （分数：1.50）A.the algae have

15、 done their workB.the atmosphere becomes coolerC.there is oxygenD.it rains therePassage2 Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody. S

16、tressisanaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth. Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsve

17、rymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraid ofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween“fight“or“flight“andinmorep

18、rimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseas

19、ehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.（分数：7.50）(1).Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause_. （分数：1.50）A.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesB.they do not believe that relaxation i

20、s important for healthC.they are traveling fast all the timeD.they are becoming busier with their work(2).Accordingtothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis_. （分数：1.50）A.not fearing stressB.knowing the art of relaxationC.high sense of responsibilityD.having control over performance(3

21、).Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue? （分数：1.50）A.We can find some ways to avoid stressB.Stress is always harmful to peopleC.It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.D.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress(4).InParagraph3,“suchareaction“refersbackto_. （分数

22、：1.50）A.“making a choice between flight or fight“B.“reaction to stress both chemically and physically“C.“responding to crises quickly“D.“losing heart at the signs difficulties“(5).Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“doso“refersto_. （分数：1.50）A.“expose ourselves to stress“B.“find ways to deal with stress“C

23、.“remove stress from our lives“D.“established links between diseases and stress“Passage3 TheUKismadeupoffourcountries-England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland-whichhavewidelydifferingculturesandlanguages. WaleswasthefirstcountrytofallunderEnglishcontrol,inthelate16th-century.TheWelshwereneveractuall

24、ydefeatedbytheEnglish.Instead,theyrealizedthatunitywiththeirbiggerneighborwastheonlywaytoendthealmostcontinuousstateofwarthatexistedbetweenthetwocountries.Sinceunity,EnglandandWaleshavehad thesamesystemsoflaw,educationandgovernment. ThesituationbetweenScotlandandEnglandwasverydifficult.Theyfoughtfie

25、rcewarsforcenturies,eachinvadingeachother,wheneverthesituationseemedintheirfavor.Thiscametoanendinthe17th-centurywhenKingJamesVIofScotlandinheritedthethroneofEngland,afterQueenElizabethIdiedwithoutchildren.In1707,ScotlandandEnglandwerebroughttogetherinanActofunion.ThistookawaymuchoftheScotscontrolof

26、theirownaffairs,buttheykepttheirownsystemsoflawandeducation. Forthethreecountries,unionresultedinpeace.ButEnglandsoccupationofIrelandhasalwaysbeencharacterizedbyviolence.IrelandwasslowlybroughtunderEnglishcontrolinthe16th-and17th-centuries.Butitretaineditsowngovernmentuntil1801,whenitwasbroughttoget

27、herwiththeParliamentatWestminster. However,mostofitspeoplespokeGaelicratherthanEnglishandtheyremainedfaithfulCatholics,whiletheestablishedreligioninEnglandwasProtestantism.By1920,BritainwasunderpressuretoleaveIrelandby1920.In1921,anagreementwassignedwherebyaseparateIrishFreeState(todaycalledtheIrish

28、Republic)wascreated.Thisdidnot,however,includethesixcountriesofNorthernIreland,whichremainpartofthe“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.”（分数：7.50）(1).Themaintopicofthispassageisabout_. （分数：1.50）A.the different cultures and languages in UKB.how the four countries fought with each otherC.how

29、 the UK came aboutD.the history of the UK(2).WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofUK? （分数：1.50）A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.Wales and Northern IrelandD.The Irish Republic(3).Whokepttheirownsystemsoflawandeducationinspiteoflosingmuchofthecontroloftheirownaffairs? （分数：1.50）A.The EnglishB.The ScotsC.The WelshD.The Ir

30、ish(4).Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph4that_. （分数：1.50）A.it is easy for England to occupy IrelandB.it is extremely difficult for England to occupy IrelandC.it is easy for England to occupy ScotlandD.it is especially difficult for England and Wales to be united(5).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

31、 （分数：1.50）A.The Welsh, compared with other people in the UK, love peace most.B.Scotland and England fought fierce wars for centuries.C.Ireland kept their own government until 1801.D.England has completely occupied Ireland up till now.Passage4 ShouldtheUnitedStatessupporta“ManInSpace”program?Opponent

32、sandproponent spresentstrongargumentsonbothsides. Theopponentspointouthowenormouslyexpensivemannedspaceoperationsare:Everyshuttleflightcoststaxpayersabout$500million,andtheanticipatedbillfortheinternationalspacestationis$35billion-$40billion.Theyalsothinkthatthereturnsfromsuchspaceinvestmentssofardo

33、notjustifytheexpense.TheysuspectthatmuchofthespacetestingofnewmaterialsandpurercrystalscouldbeperformedonEarthatamuchlowercost,eitherthroughautomatedsystems,onless-expensiveunmannedrockets,oreveninlaboratories.Theybelieveitisrecklesstospendsuchenormoussumsofmoneyinspaceforanuncertainreturn,whenthere

34、aresomanyunmetneedshereonEarth. Theproponentsofmannedspaceprogramshavedifficultycounteringthesestrongarguments.However,theypointoutthatsincethespaceshuttlenowexistswemightaswellmakeuseofit.Theybelievethatnewmaterialscreatedinthespaceenvironmentmayproveextremelyusefulandthattheperfectcrystalswhichcan

35、notbemadeinEarthsgravitywillallowustounderstandthemolecularstructureofviruses.Asaresult,wemaybeabletocreatepowerfulnewdrugs,perhapsovercomingcriticaldiseases,evenAIDS.Theyalsoarguethatthespacestationrepresentsthefirsttrulyinternationalendeavoronagreatscaleandthatitwillpromotecooperationandunderstand

36、ingbetweennationsandhelpeliminatefuturewars. Takingabroaderview,thereisnodoubtthatexplorationofnewlandsandconquestsofnewfrontiershavealwaysbeencreativeforcesthroughoutthehistoryofhumanityandhavepromotedtheadvancementofknowledgeandculture.In1993,whenCongresssavedtheinternationalspacestationfrombeinga

37、bandoned,adecisiveeventoccurredinmansconquestofspace.Thiscriticalactmaydeeplyaffecthumanitysfuture.ItwasthediscoveryoftheNewWorldthatgaveWesterncivilizationtheimpetusfortheexplosivegrowthinscienceandtechnologythattookplaceduringthesucceedingcenturies.Exploringspaceandcolonizingotherplanetsisnotanopt

38、ion.Itisanecessityifhumanityistoevolveandnotbecomeaninactivespecieswithnoroomandnoincentiveforfurtherdevelopment.（分数：7.50）(1).Somepeopleobjecttothe“ManinSpace”programmainlybecause_. （分数：1.50）A.many experiments can be performed on EarthB.it is too expensive and the returns are not certainC.there are

39、a lot of difficulties involvedD.it can only bring limited benefits(2).Theexpression“mightaswell”(Par.3)probablymeans“_”. （分数：1.50）A.had toB.had betterC.might probablyD.might like to(3).WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthepossiblebenefitsof“ManinSpace”program? （分数：1.50）A.New materials created in th

40、e space may turn out to have a lot of uses.B.Powerful new drugs may be created to overcome critical diseases.C.Cooperation between nations may be promoted.D.Population on earth may be reduced.(4).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue? （分数：1.50）A.The “Man in Space” program brings about a lot of argu

41、ments.B.It is easy for supporters of the program to convince their opponents of its necessity.C.Throughout the history of humanity, people always like to explore new lands and conquer new frontiers.D.It is necessary for people to explore space and colonize other planets if humanity is to evolve.(5).

42、Itseemsthattheauthoris_theprogram. （分数：1.50）A.againstB.doubtful ofC.indifferent toD.in favor of三、III(总题数：2，分数：30.00)21.SectionA Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefully.ThentranslateitintoChinese. PleasewriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet. Somepeoplethinkthatthespreadofautoma

43、tedmachineswilldeprivemankindofitsproperfunctions.Thiskindofpointofviewhasbeenconfirmedbytheuseoflanguagetranslator.Withimportanttechnologicalandscientificworkbeingdonetoday,amachinecanbesettotreataforeignlanguageasacodedmessagewhichitcananalyzeandputintoEnglish.Asstrangeasitmightseem,thesemachinesa

44、retakingoverastranslatorsineverincreasingnumbers.（分数：15.00）_SectionB Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishwiththephrasesgivenbelow.PleasewriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet.（分数：15.00）(1).这是一次重要的会议，请务必不要迟到。(seetoitthat) （分数：3.00）_(2).他如此专心于读那本书，以至于有人进来也没意识到。（be abs

45、orbed in） （分数：3.00）_(3).在报名参加这门课程前，你最好对它有所了解。(sign up for) （分数：3.00）_(4).负责调查的官员只给新闻记者提供了一些事实真相。（nothing but） （分数：3.00）_(5).无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，我们必须正视它。（no matter how）（分数：3.00）_IV22.Directions:Inthispartyouaretowritewithin30minutesacompositionofnofewerthan120words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowing

46、statements. 有些人认为考试中最好采用多项选择题（multiplechoices）形式，也有些人认为多项选择题弊病太多，最好还是采用需要学生动手的主观评分试题题目（subjective-scoringitems）,如写作、翻译、回答问题等。你对此有何看法？请说明理由并对未来的考试形式提出建议。（分数：20.00）_南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试初试英语真题 2014年答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)I1.Amandoesnotknowthedifficultyofanything_hedoesitpersonally. （分数：1.00）A.althoughB.ifC.becauseD.unless解析：2.Idontremember_totheairportthatyear. （分数：1.00）A.to be takenB.being takenC.havingD.to take解析：3.Welikedtheoilpaintingbetter_welookedatit. （分数：1.00）A.asB.whileC.theD.the more解析：4.Idontskatenow,butI_whenIwasakid. （分数：1.00）A.used toB.am used to itC.usedD.us